Deck 25: Communication II: the Endocrine System and Chemical Messengers

Question 1

The pituitary gland is also called the

A)infundibulum.
B)hypophysis.
C)epiphysis.
D)hypothalamus.
E)neurothalamus.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Endocrine glands produce substances called

A)hormones.
B)pheromones.
C)neurotransmitters.
D)lumones.
E)histamines.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In fishes,the __________ are the most important producers of hormones.

A)brain and pituitary gland
B)adrenal and pituitary glands
C)pancreas and adrenal glands
D)hypothalamus and pituitary glands
E)brain and spinal cord

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The study of endocrine glands and their hormones is called

A)histology.
B)neurology.
C)physiology.
D)endocrinology.
E)neurobiology.

Question 5

In birds,the hormone ______________ leads to the appearance of a brood patch which helps to transfer heat to the developing embryos during incubation.

A)calcitonin
B)prolactin
C)urotensin
D)insulin
E)oxytocin

Question 6

Mammary,salivary,and sweat glands are all examples of __________ glands.

A)exocrine
B)ductless
C)medullary
D)cortical
E)endocrine

Question 7

The adrenal medulla

A)contains neurosecretory cells controlled by areas of the brain.
B)is controlled by the pituitary.
C)secretes only when glucose levels are low.
D)functions independently of nerves and nerve cells.
E)coordinates digestive processes.

Question 8

A(n)__________ has receptors to which chemical messengers selectively bind or on which they have an effect.

A)pheromone
B)hormone
C)endocrine gland
D)mitogen
E)target cell

Question 9

Hormonal regulation in higher vertebrates is based primarily on

A)the medulla oblongata and the adrenal glands.
B)the pancreas and the adrenal glands.
C)the thalamus and the pineal gland.
D)the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.
E)the pituitary and pineal glands.

Question 10

A substance that stimulates the excretion of urine is called a

A)vasopressor.
B)corticotrophin.
C)diuretic.
D)somatomedin.
E)lutenizer.

Question 11

One of the hormones stored,and then released by the neurohypophysis is

A)thyroxine.
B)ACTH.
C)diuretic.
D)MSH.
E)oxytocin.

Question 12

The receptor mechanism used by steroid hormones involves stimulation of

A)actin-myosin synthesis.
B)phosphorylation mechanisms.
C)lipid synthesis.
D)carbohydrate hydrolysis.
E)protein synthesis.

Question 13

The pineal gland of fish appears to respond to __________ that enables it to aid in synchronizing activity patterns.

A)light
B)temperature
C)water quality
D)electric charges
E)ion concentration

Question 14

What do hormones released by the bursa of Fabricius regulate?

A)maturation of white blood cells
B)timing of molting
C)production of compounds necessary for egg hardening
D)testosterone levels
E)incubation temperature

Question 15

Hormones that are biochemically __________ usually involve a "second messenger" to accomplish their action.

A)steroids
B)aldehydes
C)amines
D)phospholipids
E)glycerides

Question 16

In insects,the hormone __________ induces molting.

A)ecdysiotropin
B)prothoracicotropic hormone
C)ecdysone
D)bursicon
E)juvenile hormone

Question 17

Which glands secrete calcitonin in jawed fishes and primitive tetrapods?

A)parathyroid glands
B)thyroid glands
C)ultimobranchial glands
D)thymus glands
E)pineal glands

Question 18

Hormones circulate through __________ to the body area on which they will have an effect.

A)apocrine canals
B)target cells
C)body fluids
D)nerve processes
E)exocrine ducts

Question 19

The bursa of Fabricius is an endocrine structure found only in

A)mammals.
B)amphibians.
C)birds.
D)protozoans.
E)sponges

Question 20

A hormone called __________ increases metabolic rate to help maintain homeostasis.

A)TS
B)thyrotropin
C)TR
D)hypothalamine
E)thyroxine

Question 21

Which hormone does the pineal gland produce?

A)leptin
B)melatonin
C)thymopoietin
D)calcitonin
E)somatostatin

Question 22

It seems likely that the chemicals regulating __________ were among the first to appear during the course of animal evolution.

A)growth, maturation, and reproduction
B)feeding, digestion, and absorption
C)urine formation and excretion
D)body temperature
E)molting

Question 23

Peptide hormones produced by the thymus include

A)thyroxine and thyrotropin.
B)troponin and seratonin.
C)tyrosine and hemopoietin.
D)thyroxine and thymosin.
E)thymopoietin and thymosin.

Question 24

The pancreatic islets produce the hormones

A)oxytocin and calcitonin.
B)insulin and glucagon.
C)epinephrine and norepinephrine.
D)aldosterone and calcitonin.
E)calcitonin and somatostatin.

Question 25

Parathormone (PTH)regulates the concentration of __________ in the blood of mammals.

A)Fe++
B)Cl-
C)Na+
D)ATP
E)Ca++

Question 26

Some scientists suggest that chemical messengers coordinating __________ may have initially evolved in single-celled organisms.

A)molting or regeneration
B)regeneration or autotomy
C)thermoregulation or growth
D)reproduction or feeding
E)reproduction or neoteny

Question 27

Cortisol is produced by the

A)testes.
B)ovaries.
C)heart.
D)adrenal gland.
E)thymus gland.

Question 28

One function of oxytocin is to

A)stimulate the secretion of thyroxine.
B)enhance breast development in females.
C)trigger growth-related events.
D)promote ejection of milk from the mammary glands.
E)decrease urine output.

Question 29

The __________ gland is located in the neck,anterior to the trachea.

A)pituitary
B)thyroid
C)adrenal
D)pancreas
E)pineal

Question 30

The group of hormones known as __________ helps to regulate menstrual and estrus cycles.

A)androgens
B)cortisols
C)estrogens
D)parathormones
E)mineralocorticoids

Question 31

What is the function of the hormone aldosterone?

A)regulates sodium and water balance
B)maintains secondary sexual characteristics
C)stimulates release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
D)promotes erythrocyte production
E)promotes spermatogenesis

Question 32

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted by

A)neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus.
B)cells of the adrenal cortex.
C)neurosecretory cells in the adrenal medulla.
D)cells of the adenohypophysis.
E)cells of the zona fasiculata.