Deck 23: Protection, support, and Movement

Question 1

Animals secrete __________ which serve to communicate with other members of the same species to elicit certain behavioral responses.

A)pheromones
B)oils
C)odors
D)secretions
E)hormones

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of vertebrate skin?

A)blood cell production
B)temperature regulation
C)protection against microorganims
D)communication
E)salt and water balance

Answer 2

A

Question 3

__________ is/are constantly shed; __________ is/are not shed.

A)Teleost scales; placoid scales (dermal denticles)
B)Dermal denticles (placoid scales); reptilian skin
C)Placoid scales (denticles); teleost scales
D)Reptilian skin; placoid scales (denticles)
E)Reptilian skin; teleost scales

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The outer covering of an animal,the __________,functions primarily to protect against mechanical and chemical injury and invasion by microorganisms.

A)integument
B)skeleton
C)musculature
D)vascular system
E)dermis

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT part of the human axial skeleton?

A)scapula
B)skull
C)vertebral column
D)sternum
E)rib

Question 6

The hypodermis lies underneath the integument and is composed of loose connective tissue,adipose tissue,and __________ tissue.

A)skeletal muscle
B)reticular
C)smooth muscle
D)endothelial
E)keratinized

Question 7

The vertebrate skeleton became noticeably strengthened as vertebrates moved

A)from water to land.
B)from fresh water to the ocean.
C)from the ocean to fresh water.
D)from arboreal habitats to land-dwelling.
E)from fresh waters to swamps.

Question 8

Which of the following animals possess a hydrostatic skeleton?

A)flatworm
B)earthworm
C)butterfly
D)sea star

Question 9

What replaces the notochord in most vertebrates?

A)nothing
B)the dorsal nerve cord
C)a solid rod of calcium
D)thickened skin
E)vertebrae

Question 10

In the structure of bone,the small channels through which cells communicate are called

A)lamellae.
B)lacunae.
C)osteons.
D)canaliculi.
E)osteonic canals.

Question 11

The oily secretion of sebaceous glands is called

A)melanin.
B)sebum.
C)carotene.
D)sweat.
E)urea.

Question 12

The process by which sweat is produced is called

A)condensation.
B)sudoriferation.
C)evaporation.
D)sublimation.
E)perspiration.

Question 13

Ultraviolet rays convert a chemical in the skin into

A)urea.
B)keratin.
C)melanin.
D)iridin.
E)vitamin D.

Question 14

The outer layer of the mammalian epidermis is made up of keratinized cells and is called the

A)hypodermis.
B)keratin zonatum.
C)stratum germinativum.
D)stratum corneum.
E)keratin reticulum.

Question 15

The three main components of most connective tissues are fibers,ground substance,and

A)cells.
B)contractile elements.
C)calcium salts.
D)lamellae.
E)muscles.

Question 16

Arrector pili muscles in human skin

A)initiate shivering.
B)close sweat glands.
C)produce "goose bumps."
D)cause melanocytes to contract.
E)open oil glands.

Question 17

In the structure of bone,the minute chambers that house the bone cells are called

A)chondrocrania.
B)lacunae.
C)osteons.
D)lamellae.
E)canaliculi.

Question 18

Most multicellular animals have an integument consisting of a single layer of cells,the

A)cuticle.
B)epidermis.
C)pellicle.
D)tegument.
E)hypodermis.

Question 19

What is the main component of the arthropod cuticle?

A)actin
B)myosin
C)keratin
D)chitin
E)collagen

Question 20

A rigid exoskeleton is characteristic of

A)cnidarians.
B)sponges.
C)chordates.
D)echinoderms.
E)arthropods.

Question 21

Skeletal muscles are attached to the skeleton by

A)hyaline cartilage.
B)ligaments.
C)fibrocartilage.
D)elastic cartilage.
E)tendons.

Question 22

In bony fishes,growth lines in the scales are often useful in determining the __________ of the fish.

A)age
B)sex
C)breeding condition
D)state of health
E)reproductive capacity

Question 23

The feathers of birds are derived from the scales of their __________ ancestors.

A)cartilaginous fish
B)bony fish
C)hagfish
D)reptilian
E)amphibian

Question 24

In the epidermis of hagfishes are __________,which produce large amounts of mucus that cover the body surface.

A)sweat glands
B)sudoriferous glands
C)multicellular slime glands
D)poison glands
E)sebaceous glands

Question 25

During relaxation of skeletal muscle fibers,a/an __________ system pumps calcium back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum for storage.

A)simple diffusion
B)chemiosmotic
C)active transport
D)facilitated diffusion
E)pinocytic

Question 26

Ciliary creeping is the principal movement mechanism of

A)sponges.
B)larger flatworms.
C)insects.
D)annelids.
E)protochordates.

Question 27

The functional unit of a myofibril is the

A)sarcomere.
B)sarcolemma.
C)motor unit.
D)thick filament.
E)thin filament.

Question 28

Upon being released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum,Ca²⁺ ions bind to the protein __________.

A)troponin
B)actin
C)myosin
D)keratin
E)collagen

Question 29

The thick filaments of vertebrate skeletal muscle are made of

A)actin.
B)myosin.
C)myoglobin.
D)troponin.
E)keratin.

Question 30

Locomotion in most echinoderms is by

A)looping movement.
B)ciliary movement.
C)the water vascular system.
D)pedal locomotion.
E)movement of the arms.

Question 31

A(n)__________ is composed of a core of liquid surrounded by a tension-resistant sheath containing muscles.

A)bony skeleton
B)cartilaginous skeleton
C)hydrostatic skeleton
D)endoskeleton
E)exoskeleton

Question 32

The filaments of vertebrate skeletal muscle that myosin binds to are

A)actin.
B)myoglobin.
C)troponin.
D)tropomyosin.
E)dynine.

Question 33

The thick protein coat outside the plasma membrane of Paramecium is the

A)cell wall.
B)pellicle.
C)cuticle.
D)epidermis.
E)tegument.

Question 34

In cartilaginous fishes,the dermis contains bone in the form of small placoid scales called

A)teeth.
B)scales.
C)growth lines.
D)the lateral line system.
E)denticles.

Question 35

The __________ is the external covering of most protozoans.

A)plasma membrane
B)cell wall
C)cuticle
D)epidermis
E)tegument

Question 36

What is the membrane of a muscle fiber known as?

A)sarcomere
B)sarcoplasma
C)sarcofiber
D)sarcofilament
E)sarcolemma

Question 37

Which term refers to a specialized organelle within a muscle fiber?

A)actin
B)myofibril
C)myosin
D)troponin
E)tropomyosin

Question 38

In reptiles,the outer layer of the epidermis,the stratum __________ is very thick and modified into scales and other structures.

A)germinativum
B)corneum
C)epidermium
D)keratinum
E)melanin

Question 39

The capacity to receive and respond to a stimulus is referred to as

A)sensibility.
B)receptivity.
C)stimulation.
D)excitability.
E)reaction.

Question 40

The integument found in vertebrates is called the

A)epidermis.
B)dermis.
C)hypodermis.
D)skin.
E)pelage.

Question 41

The tetrapod skeleton is modified for support

A)on land.
B)in fresh water.
C)in salt water.
D)in deserts.
E)in mud.

Question 42

Evidence of evolutionary ties between protozoans and animals comes from the presence of __________ in both groups.

A)spongin and spicules
B)actin and myosin
C)exoskeletons and endoskeletons
D)cartilage and bone
E)smooth muscle and skeletal muscle

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a kind of hydrostatic skeleton?

A)gastrovascular cavity of acoelomates
B)rhynchocoel of nemerteans
C)pseudocoelom of nematodes
D)hemocoel in molluscs
E)cuticle of arthropods