Deck 20: Reptiles: Diapsid Amniotes

Question 1

The __________ makes up the ventral portion of the turtle shell.

A)dorsum
B)plastron
C)sternum
D)carapace
E)scute

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The synapsid lineage gave rise to

A)turtles.
B)birds.
C)snakes.
D)lizards.
E)mammals.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

This group of animals includes only two extant species.

A)lizards
B)snakes
C)turtles
D)tuataras
E)crocodilians

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The skin of reptiles

A)lacks chromatophores.
B)is never shed.
C)functions in respiration.
D)is shed in order to grow.
E)has mucus glands.

Question 5

Lizards and snakes may lose their tails to escape from predators,this process is known as

A)ecdysis.
B)molting.
C)corneation.
D)synapsis.
E)autotomy.

Question 6

The dorsal portion of a turtle shell is called the

A)carapace.
B)cephalothorax.
C)plastron.
D)sternum.
E)dorsum.

Question 7

Worm lizards belong to the reptilian order

A)Caudata.
B)Chelonia.
C)Squamata.
D)Sphenodontida.
E)Testudines.

Question 8

The amniotic membranes may be considered to be a(n)__________ distinguishing reptiles,birds,and mammals from other vertebrates.

A)synapomorphy
B)symplesiomorphy
C)analogy
D)homology
E)vestigial structure

Question 9

Reptiles have a skin with scales made of

A)silica.
B)bone.
C)CaCO3.
D)keratin.
E)chitin.

Question 10

All modern reptiles (including birds)are members of the _______ lineage.They are derived from ancestors that had upper and lower openings in the temporal region of the skull.

A)diapsid
B)amphiapsid
C)anapsid
D)synapsid
E)triapsid

Question 11

Early members of the reptiliomorph lineage were the first to produce

A)neotenic larvae.
B)amniotic eggs.
C)urea as a nitrogenous waste.
D)tadpole larvae.
E)isolecithal eggs.

Question 12

All extant reptiles are members of the Diapsida; however,one group of reptiles has secondarily returned to the anapsid skull condition.Which group of extant reptiles has an anapsid skull?

A)lizards
B)tuataras
C)snakes
D)turtles
E)crocodiles

Question 13

Which of the following is a venomous lizard?

A)flying dragon
B)gecko
C)iguana
D)chuckwalla
E)Mexican beaded lizard

Question 14

Most reptiles lack vocal cords; indeed,vocalizations are only important to

A)tuataras.
B)snakes.
C)crocodilians.
D)lizards.
E)amphisbaenids.

Question 15

According to cladistics interpretations,the traditional class Reptilia is a paraphyletic assemblage because it excludes this group of animals.

A)Testudines
B)Crocodylia
C)Aves
D)Sphenodontida
E)Squamata

Question 16

The common ancestor of mammals and reptiles had a(n)_________ skull.

A)synapsid
B)diapsid
C)amphiapsid
D)triapsid
E)anapsid

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of reptiles?

A)respiration via lungs
B)two condyles for articulation with the first neck vertebra
C)metanephric kidneys
D)internal fertilization
E)amniotic eggs

Question 18

Turtles belong to the reptilian order

A)Squamata.
B)Caudata.
C)Rhynchocephalia.
D)Crocodilia.
E)Testudines.

Question 19

Lizards belong to the suborder

A)Serpentes.
B)Chelonia.
C)Amphisbaenia.
D)Sauria.
E)Caudata.

Question 20

Members of three of the four living orders of reptiles are found on all continents EXCEPT.

A)Asia.
B)Africa.
C)Australia.
D)Antarctica.
E)Europe.

Question 21

The ventricular septum of the heart is complete only in the _________ reptiles.

A)crocodilian
B)serpentilian
C)saurian
D)amphisbaenian
E)chelonian

Question 22

__________ are used to analyze odor molecules brought into a snake's mouth by its forked tongue.

A)Jacobson's organs
B)Eustachian passages
C)Semicircular canals
D)Parietal eyes
E)Pit organs

Question 23

The tuatara belongs to the reptilian order

A)Squamata.
B)Chelonia.
C)Sphenodontia.
D)Testudines.
E)Caudata.

Question 24

Which of the following groups of animals is NOT in the archosaur lineage?

A)birds
B)dinosaurs
C)lizards
D)crocodiles
E)alligators

Question 25

Venom glands of snakes are modified

A)thyroid glands.
B)tongue papillae.
C)taste buds.
D)salivary glands.
E)tooth sockets.

Question 26

In snakes and some lizards,upper and lower eyelids become fused in the embryo to form a protective window of clear skin,the

A)nictitating membrane.
B)iris.
C)fovea.
D)ciliary body.
E)spectacle.

Question 27

Among reptiles,a form of asexual reproduction known as __________ has been described in six families of lizards and one species of snake.

A)biparentalism
B)protandry
C)protogyny
D)hermaphroditism
E)parthenogenesis

Question 28

Tuataras have an extremely limited distribution; they are now limited only to a few islands off the shore of

A)Australia.
B)Ecuador.
C)California.
D)England.
E)New Zealand.

Question 29

Crocodilians are oviparous and display parental care of young that parallels that of

A)bony fishes.
B)sharks.
C)placental mammals.
D)amphibians.
E)birds.

Question 30

Reptiles that are usually solitary may migrate to common sites called __________ to spend the winter.

A)torpor clines
B)communes
C)hibernacula
D)aggregations
E)sleep societies

Question 31

Sea turtles utilize ________ as an aid to navigation to nesting beaches.

A)sight
B)smell
C)direction of ocean currents
D)their sense of hearing
E)magnetic fields

Question 32

The __________ are distinguished from all other vertebrates by the presence of a single median tooth in the upper jaw.

A)worm lizards
B)chameleons
C)geckos
D)gila monsters
E)tuataras

Question 33

Enlargement of cerebral hemispheres in reptiles is associated with

A)improved memory capacity.
B)better vision.
C)improved muscular coordination.
D)an improved sense of smell.
E)better hearing.

Question 34

Snakes and lizards are superficially dissimilar.Which of the following is one reason that both are classified in the order Squamata?

A)They are both members of the Archosauria.
B)They both have a highly mobile skull and jaw (a kinetic skull) that aids in feeding.
C)They both have lower jaws that are loosely joined anteriorly so that the two halves of the lower jaw can move independently of each other.
D)They both have acrodont teeth.

Question 35

In the archosaur lineage,the evolution of the skull led to an elongated snout and the formation of a _____________ that separates the nasal and mouth passageways.This structure is best developed in modern crocodiles.

A)sternohyoid
B)pharynx
C)nasopharynx
D)secondary palate
E)hyoid apparatus

Question 36

Most living nonavian reptiles are

A)endothermic.
B)ectothermic.
C)homeothermic.
D)isothermic.
E)eurythermic.

Question 37

Many lizards possess glands associated with the eyes.These glands function along with the excretory system in ridding the body of excess ________.

A)heat
B)salt
C)uric acid
D)ammonia
E)water

Question 38

The evolution of the synapsid amniote lineage resulted in modifications of the jaws and teeth,the incorporation of 2 more bones into the middle ear (in addition to the stapes),and elongation of legs to hold the body higher off the ground.This lineage includes modern-day _________.

A)mammals
B)snakes
C)lizards
D)birds
E)turtles

Question 39

The first cervical vertebra of a reptile is the __________ which articulates with a single condyle on the skull.

A)axis
B)atlas
C)initial
D)servo
E)scapula

Question 40

Crocodiles and turtles are easy to distinguish by the presence or absence of a shell.Some subtle characteristics are listed below.Check all of the characteristics that are true for the Crocodylia only.Do not check characteristics that are present in Testudines only or those present in members of both groups.

A)Members of the archosaur lineage
B) Triangular eye orbits
C) Keratinized beak
D) Nesting and parental care of young
E) Thecodont teeth
F) Partially divided ventricle

Question 41

The skin of amphibians is an adaptation to their "double life." The skin of reptiles is an adaptation to life apart from water.All of the following pairings help explain why the former statement is true except one.

A)Epidermal layers: avascular and shed through ecdysis
B)Dermal scales: protection from physical abrasion
C)Keratin: water proofing
D)Chromatophores: crypsis and aposmatic coloration