Deck 17: Chordata: Urochordata and Cephalochordata

Question 1

The ciliated groove that extends longitudinally along the midventral aspect of the pharynx in cephalochordates is the

A)atrium.
B)midgut cecum.
C)cirrus.
D)endostyle.
E)myotome.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In chordates,_______ are a series of openings that may function in filter feeding or as the location of gills.

A)pharyngeal slits
B)atriopores
C)stoma
D)diverticulae
E)siphons

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Root-like extensions of the tunic called __________ are used to anchor a tunicate to the substrate.

A)canaliculi
B)interstyles
C)joints
D)rhizomes
E)stolons

Answer 3

E

Question 4

When we say "my heart was in my throat," that might also apply to tunicates,as their heart is in their

A)oral siphon.
B)endostyle.
C)atrial siphon.
D)stigma.
E)atrium near the pharynx.

Question 5

The endostyle of invertebrate chordates may have been the precursor to the vertebrate

A)gall bladder.
B)liver.
C)thyroid gland.
D)pancreas.
E)esophagus.

Question 6

Members of the subphylum Cephalochordata are called

A)lancelets.
B)tunicates.
C)ammocoetes.
D)salps.
E)dolioids.

Question 7

Terrestrial vertebrates made their appearance approximately 400 million years ago,near the end of this period:

A)Permian.
B)Ordovician.
C)Devonian.
D)Cambrian.
E)Triassic.

Question 8

In the vertebrates,the notochord

A)is present dorsal to the nerve cord.
B)is present ventral to the gut.
C)serves as the chondrocranium.
D)has been transformed into the ear bones.
E)is replaced by the vertebrae in almost all species.

Question 9

Unlike the classic ascidian sea squirts,some urochordates,such as the salps,may be

A)sessile.
B)carnivores.
C)armed with jaws.
D)bioluminescence and sessile
E)bioluminescent, planktonic, and swarmers

Question 10

The tunic of tunicates is composed of proteins,various salts,and

A)glycoprotein.
B)sclerotin.
C)glycogen.
D)cellulose.
E)chitin.

Question 11

These animals are commonly used in introductory zoology courses because they possess all five chordate characteristics throughout their life.

A)sea squirts
B)appendicularians
C)salps
D)lancelet
E)acorn worms

Question 12

__________ cells in the circulatory system of tunicates accumulate nitrogenous wastes.

A)Erythrocyte
B)Endocyte
C)Exocyte
D)Amoeboid
E)Lymphoid

Question 13

Which of the following animals is not in the phylum Chordata?

A)sea squirts
B)salps
C)acorn worms
D)hagfish
E)lampreys

Question 14

Increased larval motility is often adaptive for species with sedentary adults because it promotes

A)dispersal.
B)sexual reproduction.
C)ease of feeding.
D)prey selection.
E)habitat selection.

Question 15

The unattached end of adult urochordates contains two openings on projecting stalks that permit seawater to circulate through the body.They are called

A)metapleural folds
B)siphons
C)tunicates
D)diverticulae
E)stolons

Question 16

In the tunicates,__________ on the outside of the intestine may function in excretion.

A)rectal cecae
B)chloragogen tissue
C)pyloric glands
D)malpighian tubules
E)coelomocytes

Question 17

In chordates,the __________ is a dorsal rod,with a sheath of connective tissue,functioning in support.

A)spinal column
B)endostyle
C)hemichord
D)backbone
E)notochord

Question 18

The gill slits perforating the pharynx of a tunicate are called

A)stenolaemata.
B)stigmas.
C)gymnolaemata.
D)lanquets.
E)laminae.

Question 19

The cavity surrounding the pharynx of a tunicate is called the

A)atrium.
B)hemocoel.
C)coelom.
D)nephrocoel.
E)branchiocoel.

Question 20

Which of the following is not one of the five characteristics seen in all chordates at some time in their life history?

A)tubular nerve cord
B)mouth developed from blastopore
C)notochord
D)pharyngeal slits
E)postanal tail

Question 21

Development in the tunicates involves a __________ larval stage.

A)planula
B)trochophore
C)tornaria
D)tadpole
E)androgenic

Question 22

There is little question that Chordata is a monophyletic group.There are some unresolved questions regarding whether the Craniata is more closely related to the Cephalochordata or to the Urochordata.Assume that the following new discoveries were made.Which might sway expert opinion in the direction of a sister relationship between Craniata and Cephalochordata? Check all that apply.

A)Reinterpretations challenging molecular evidence from recent rRNA studies.
B) Fossil discoveries suggesting a rudimentary tripartite brain in cephalochordate ancestors.
C) Fossil discoveries of a pharyngeal apparatus with an endostyle and many stigmata in early craniate filter feeders.
D) Reinterpretations challenging molecular evidence from recent genomic DNA studies.

Question 23

Fish,reptiles,birds,and mammals are all members of the subphylum

A)Hyperotreti.
B)Urochordata.
C)Cephalochordata.
D)Craniata.
E)Ascidiacea.

Question 24

Tentacles,known as __________ surround the oral hood of the cephalochordate.

A)cirri
B)lophophores
C)apical tufts
D)villi
E)cilia