Deck 18: The Fishes: Vertebrate Success in Water

Question 1

Sharks,skates,and rays are in the class

A)Osteichthyes.
B)Chondrichthyes.
C)Cephalaspidomorphi.
D)Myxini.
E)Actinopterygii.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

One hypothesis says that an extinct group called __________ are believed to have been the ancestors of ancient amphibians.

A)chondrichthians
B)lepidostians
C)holosteans
D)chondrosteans
E)osteolepiforms

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Lungfishes belong to the class

A)Elasmobranchii.
B)Holocephali.
C)Myxini.
D)Sarcopterygii.
E)Cephalaspidomorphi.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Hagfishes belong to the class

A)Cephalaspidomorphi.
B)Dipneusti.
C)Holocephali.
D)Myxini.
E)Elasmobranchii.

Question 5

Members of the class __________ are sometimes called the ray-finned fishes.

A)Actinopterygii
B)Holosteii
C)Rhipidistii
D)Crossopterygii
E)Myxini

Question 6

Sharks arose from early jawed fishes midway through the __________ period.

A)Devonian
B)Mississippian
C)Permian
D)Triassic
E)Cambrian

Question 7

Which of the following is not a term that could be used to describe a flounder or a snapper?

A)modern bony fish
B)teleost
C)member of the class Actinopterygii
D)member of the infraphylum Hyperotreti
E)ray-finned fish

Question 8

Flow of water over fish gills maintains a concentration gradient (of gases)between the blood and the water over the length of the capillary bed; this is referred to as an/a __________ mechanism.

A)osmotic
B)passive
C)countercurrent exchange
D)active
E)currency exchange

Question 9

Which class contains the lampreys?

A)Sarcopterygii
B)Actinopterygii
C)Petromyzontida
D)Hyperotreti
E)Chondrichthyes

Question 10

The lobe finned fishes,such as coelacanths,are found in the class

A)Sarcopterygii.
B)Elasmobranchii.
C)Holocephali.
D)Dipnoi.
E)Agnatha.

Question 11

In lungfishes and Indian climbing perch,__________ function as lungs.

A)alveoli
B)book gills
C)opercular cavities
D)pneumatic sacs
E)pneumatic ducts

Question 12

Some elasmobranchs and some bony fishes such as the tuna,maintain water flow over the gills by holding the mouth open.This is called __________ ventilation.

A)buccal
B)pneumatic
C)costal
D)active
E)ram

Question 13

The appearance of __________ is considered to be one of the major developments in vertebrate evolution.

A)muscles
B)an exoskeleton
C)hair
D)gills
E)jaws

Question 14

Vascular folds in the epithelium of gill filaments are called

A)diverticulae.
B)lamellae.
C)opercula.
D)villi.
E)spiral valves.

Question 15

The closest living fish relative of terrestrial vertebrates is probably

A)Squalus.
B)Raja.
C)Latimeria.
D)Neoceratodus.
E)Carcharodon.

Question 16

The modern bony fishes are the

A)lepisosteans.
B)holocephalans.
C)teleosts.
D)holosteans.
E)chondrosteans.

Question 17

Adult sea lampreys in the Great Lakes feed primarily on

A)zebra mussels.
B)phytoplankton.
C)large bony fish.
D)tadpoles.
E)sharks and rays.

Question 18

In their feeding habits,the largest sharks are

A)herbivores.
B)filter feeders.
C)carnivores.
D)predators.
E)parasites.

Question 19

Unlike other chondrichthians,the __________ have a gill cover called the operculum.

A)skates
B)rays
C)ratfish
D)elasmobranchs
E)basking sharks

Question 20

Vertebrates are thought to have originated at least __________ years ago.

A)200 million
B)510 million
C)1.2 billion
D)800 thousand
E)400 thousand

Question 21

The networks of capillaries that filter blood from the circulatory system into the tubular system of the nephrons of fishes are the

A)glomeruli.
B)rete mirabili.
C)filaments.
D)vascular plexi.
E)nephrostomes.

Question 22

The vast majority of fish are

A)viviparous.
B)ovoviviparous.
C)oviparous.
D)brooders.
E)monoecious.

Question 23

Which animals are not in the infraphylum Vertebrata?

A)hagfishes
B)lampreys
C)sharks
D)rays
E)trout

Question 24

The grouping "Osteichthyes" is considered to be

A)monophyletic.
B)paraphyletic.
C)polyphyletic.
D)triphyletic.
E)biphyletic.

Question 25

Fishes mostly regulate buoyancy by precisely regulating the volume of gas in the

A)stomach.
B)gills.
C)body tissues.
D)pyloric cecum.
E)swim bladder.

Question 26

Fishes that migrate between freshwater and marine environments are said to be

A)stenohaline.
B)diadromous.
C)isosmotic.
D)euryhaline.
E)semimarine.

Question 27

A __________ removes excess sodium chloride from the blood of elasmobranchs and excretes it into the cloaca.

A)super kidney
B)osmotic gland
C)rectal gland
D)chloride gland
E)diffusion gland

Question 28

The semicircular canals of the inner ear of bony fish maintain

A)the hearing ability of the lateral line.
B)balance and equilibrium.
C)low frequency hearing.
D)high frequency hearing.
E)orientation to possible prey organisms.

Question 29

Some elasmobranchs,including hammerhead sharks,and guppies are

A)oviparous.
B)ovoviviparous.
C)omniviparous.
D)viviparous.
E)aviviparous.

Question 30

The major osmoregulatory problems of saltwater fishes are

A)water gain and salt loss.
B)water loss and salt gain.
C)water gain and salt gain.
D)water loss and salt loss.
E)nonexistent because freshwater fishes are isosmotic to their environment.

Question 31

Which group of fishes does not have a cartilaginous skeleton?

A)sturgeon
B)paddlefish
C)rays
D)teleosts
E)skates

Question 32

Elasmobranchs have solved some of their osmoregulatory problems by

A)producing dilute urine in copious amounts.
B)actively capturing salt through their gills.
C)actively transporting water through their gills.
D)sequestering urea in their body tissues.
E)producing uric acid as their major nitrogenous waste.

Question 33

In the epidermis of fish skin,there are sensory pits that may be used for detecting currents; these pits comprise the

A)utriculi.
B)pneumatic pits.
C)lateral line system.
D)sacculi.
E)rete mirabile.

Question 34

Fishes WOULD NOT regulate their buoyancy by which of the following ways?

A)regulation of gasses in the swim bladder
B)retention of oils in the liver
C)possession of relatively light bones
D)possession of relatively dense bones
E)structure and orientation of the fins

Question 35

Nitrogenous wastes such as urea,creatine,and creatinine are produced in the __________ of fishes.

A)spleen
B)kidneys
C)pancreas
D)rectal glands
E)liver

Question 36

Osmoregulation is a major function of kidneys and __________ in fishes.

A)skin
B)rectal glands
C)hepatic cecae
D)gills
E)fins

Question 37

The functional excretory units in the kidneys of fishes are

A)flame bulbs.
B)nephridia.
C)malpighian tubules.
D)green glands.
E)nephrons.

Question 38

A vascular network called the __________ secretes gases into the swim bladder.

A)rete mirabile
B)glomerulus
C)vascular plexus
D)lamella
E)pneumatic duct

Question 39

A common opening for excretory,digestive,and reproductive products is the

A)rectal gland.
B)rectum.
C)colon.
D)pyloric cecum.
E)cloaca.

Question 40

The major nitrogenous waste of bony fishes is

A)ammonia.
B)urea.
C)uric acid.
D)guanine.
E)creatine.