Deck 14: The Arthropods: Blueprint for Success

Question 1

Horseshoe crabs belong to the arthropod subphylum

A)Chelicerata.
B)Arachnida.
C)Uniramia.
D)Crustacea.
E)Mandibulata.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Spiders,ticks,and scorpions belong to the arthropod class

A)Chilopoda.
B)Pycnogonida.
C)Insecta.
D)Merostomata.
E)Arachnida.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Specialization of regions of the body for specific functions,as seen in arthropods,is called

A)tagmatization.
B)metamerism.
C)truncation.
D)differentiation.
E)cephalization.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is not a synapomorphy that unites the members of the ecdysozoan clade?

A)the blastopore develops into the mouth
B)loss of epidermal cilia
C)possession of a cuticle
D)shedding of cuticle through ecdysis
E)all of the above are ecdysozoan synapomorphies

Question 5

The extinct arthropod subphylum Trilobitomorpha was named for

A)the three known stages of the life cycle.
B)the three known larval forms.
C)the three geologic ages which were dominated by trilobites.
D)the three longitudinal body divisions.
E)the three species which have been identified.

Question 6

Gas exchange between the blood of horseshoe crabs and seawater occurs through

A)filamentous gills.
B)book lungs.
C)alveolar lungs.
D)book gills.
E)dermal branchiae.

Question 7

Chelicerates have a cephalothorax,also known as the __________,which functions in sensation,feeding,and locomotion.

A)chelicera
B)prosoma
C)abdomen
D)opisthosoma
E)carapace

Question 8

The __________ is the outer layer of the arthropod exoskeleton,and it is composed of a waterproofing waxy lipoprotein.

A)lipocuticle
B)mesocuticle
C)epicuticle
D)endocuticle
E)sclerocuticle

Question 9

Sensory receptors called __________ occur in the arthropod exoskeleton in the form of pegs,bristles,and lenses.

A)sensilla
B)tactiles
C)olfactors
D)cirri
E)palps

Question 10

While aquatic arachnids utilize coxal glands for excretion,most terrestrial forms use __________ which conserve water.

A)nephridia
B)malpighian tubules
C)diffusion glands
D)green glands
E)antennal glands

Question 11

The chelicerate opisthosoma

A)bears the pedipalps.
B)is the sensory tagma.
C)contains digestive organs.
D)bears chelicerae.
E)bears walking legs.

Question 12

Appendages of trilobites were divided into two lobes,hence they are called

A)biped.
B)uniramous.
C)quadruped.
D)aramous.
E)biramous.

Question 13

Which of the following phyla of animals are not ecdysozoan?

A)Arthropoda
B)Nematoda
C)Gastrotricha
D)Nematomorpha
E)Kinorhyncha

Question 14

The arthropod skeleton hardens by __________,which is a formation of chemical bonds between protein chains.

A)carbonization
B)tagmatization
C)calcification
D)chitinization
E)sclerotization

Question 15

The tough,leathery polysaccharide in the arthropod procuticle is

A)lipoprotein.
B)calcium carbonate.
C)scleroprotein.
D)chitin.
E)glycogen.

Question 16

The arthropod exoskeleton must be shed to allow growth.The shedding process is called

A)sclerotization.
B)ecdysis.
C)calcification.
D)articulation.
E)metamorphosis.

Question 17

How many tagmata do animals in the order Araneae have?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 18

Most zoologists believe that the __________ were the first arthropods to invade land.

A)chelicerates
B)insects
C)millipedes
D)crustaceans
E)centipedes

Question 19

__________ between larval and adult stages of arthropods reduces competition for resources.

A)Asexual reproduction
B)Regeneration
C)Metamorphosis
D)Ecdysis
E)Parthenogenesis

Question 20

Many arachnids utilize __________ for respiration,which are believed to be modifications of book gills.

A)lamellae
B)alveolar lungs
C)book lungs
D)trachea
E)malpighian tubules

Question 21

Sea spiders belong to the class

A)Merostomata.
B)Chelicerata.
C)Arachnida.
D)Pycnogonida.
E)Trilobita.

Question 22

Centipedes belong to the subphylum

A)Hexapoda.
B)Crustacea.
C)Trilobitomorpha.
D)Chilopoda.
E)Myriapoda.

Question 23

Millipedes belong to the arthropod class

A)Insecta.
B)Diplopoda.
C)Crustacea.
D)Chilopoda.
E)Branchiopoda.

Question 24

The exoskeleton is often cited as one of the reasons for the success of arthropods.Which of the following concepts related to the exoskeleton would support this hypothesis? Check all that apply.

A) Chitin in the procuticle is tough,yet flexible and contributes to the mechanical protection afforded by the exoskeleton.
B) Sclerotization is one form of hardening of the exoskeleton that results from the chemical crosslinking of proteins.This hardening provides protection,but it also leaves the exoskeleton some resiliency,which is advantageous for activities such as flapping wings and jumping.
C) The procuticle is thickened in the region of joints,which promotes a flexible armor.
D) The epicuticle is impregnated with waxy lipoproteins,which helps prevent water loss and is a barrier to microorganisms.
E) The exoskeleton is modified to form structures that include sensory receptors,modifications that permit gas exchange,and wings (in insects).

Question 25

A repellent called __________ is produced by the repugnatorial glands of millipedes.

A)carbon disulfide
B)formic acid
C)carbonic anhydrase
D)hydrogen cyanide
E)sulfur dioxide

Question 26

Which of the following are characteristics of members of the phylum Arthropoda? Check all that apply.

A) Metamerism modified by tagmatization
B) Paired jointed appendages
C) Open circulatory system with blood released into a hemocoel
D) Collagenous cuticle

Question 27

The members of class __________ have soft bodies with 11 segments,and are found in the leaf litter of forest floors.

A)Chilopoda
B)Pauropoda
C)Diplopoda
D)Maxillopoda
E)Hexapoda

Question 28

The chigger or "red bug" is a member of the arachnid order

A)Scorpionida.
B)Acarina.
C)Opiliones.
D)Araneae.
E)Pseudoscorpionida.

Question 29

The body cavities of arthropods and annelids are fundamentally different.Which of the following statements are accurate comparisons? Check all that apply.

A) The body cavity of an annelid is a coelom that develops by the splitting of mesodermal blocks in the early embryo.The body cavity of an arthropod is a hemocoel that develops from the embryonic blastocoel.
B) Annelids lack a hemocoel and arthropods lack any coelomic cavity.
C) Fluids in the hemocoel of arthropods serve functions related to the arthropod's open circulatory system.Coelomic fluids in annelids aid in distributing wastes and nutrients but are most important in the formation of hydrostatic compartments.Annelids have a closed circulatory system,and arthropods have an exoskeleton for support.
D)Because annelids are lophotrochozoans and arthropods are ecdysozoans,one would expect few developmental similarities,in the two groups.Thus,the body cavities present in these phyla are fundamentally different.

Question 30

The first trunk appendages of centipedes function as

A)poison claws.
B)walking legs.
C)periopods.
D)chewing mouthparts.
E)uropods.

Question 31

"Daddy longlegs" belong to the arachnid order

A)Opiliones.
B)Acarina.
C)Pseudoscorpionida.
D)Scorpionida.
E)Aranaea.

Question 32

The bacteria that cause Lyme disease are carried and transmitted by

A)black widow spiders.
B)tsetse flies.
C)ticks.
D)mosquitoes.
E)mange mites.

Question 33

Millipedes may be characterized as

A)active predators.
B)venomous.
C)scavengers and detritivores.
D)monoecious.
E)viviparous.

Question 34

A genus of scorpions known to have caused human deaths is

A)Xiphosura.
B)Opiliones.
C)Loxosceles.
D)Centuroides.
E)Limulus.

Question 35

Arthropods belong to the ecdysozoan clade Panarthropoda.What other phylum (phyla)are also members of this clade? Check all that apply.

A) Annelida
B) Tardigrada
C) Nematoda
D) Onychophora

Question 36

Many spiders produce __________,that are used to trap small arthropods on which they feed.

A)sticky oral secretions
B)sandy pitfall traps
C)oral venoms
D)leaf traps
E)webs

Question 37

Some ________ demonstrate a primitive form of vivipary.

A)spiders
B)millipedes
C)horseshoe crabs
D)scorpions
E)mites and ticks