Deck 21: Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

Which one of the following is a correct representation of a beta particle?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Answer 1

Question 2

What is the atomic number of a neutron?

A)3
B)1
C)2
D)0
E)4

Answer 2

0

Question 3

Which one of the following processes results in an increase in the atomic number?

A)gamma emission
B)positron emission
C)beta emission
D)alpha emission
E)corrosion

Answer 3

beta emission

Question 4

Alpha decay produces a new nucleus whose ________ than those respectively of the original nucleus.

A)atomic number is 2 less and mass number is 2 less
B)atomic number is 1 less and mass number is 2 less
C)atomic number is 2 less and mass number is 4 less
D)atomic number is 2 more and mass number is 4 more
E)atomic number is 2 more and mass number is 2 less

Question 5

Which type of radioactive decay results in no change in mass number and atomic number for the starting nucleus?

A)alpha
B)beta
C)positron emission
D)electron capture
E)gamma

Question 6

Which one of the following is a correct representation of an alpha particle?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 7

The formation of krypton from rubidium decay is a result of ________.

A)alpha emission
B)beta emission
C)positron emission
D)electron capture
E)neutron capture

Question 8

Atoms containing radioactive nuclei are called ________.

A)radionuclides
B)radioisotopes
C)nucleons
D)nuclides
E)radioisophores

Question 9

Which one of the following is a correct representation of a positron?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 10

Atoms with the same atomic number and different mass numbers ________.

A)do not exist
B)are isomers
C)are isotopes
D)are allotropes
E)are resonance structures

Question 11

What radioactive element is used to diagnose medical conditions of the heart and arteries?

A)cobalt-60
B)thallium-201
C)radium-226
D)radon-222
E)thorium-234

Question 12

What happens to the mass number and the atomic number of an element when it emits gamma radiation?

A)The mass number remains unchanged while the atomic number decreases by one.
B)The mass number decreases by four and the atomic number decreases by two.
C)The mass number increases by four and the atomic number increases by two.
D)The mass number remains unchanged while the atomic number increases by one.
E)The mass number and atomic numbers remain unchanged.

Question 13

How many radioactive decay series exist in nature?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)10

Question 14

Of the following processes,which one changes the atomic number?

A)alpha emission
B)beta emission
C)electron capture
D)positron emission
E)All of these processes change the atomic numbers.

Question 15

Carbon-11 decays by ________.

A)alpha emission
B)beta emission
C)positron emission
D)photon emission
E)neutron capture

Question 16

In what type of radioactive decay does the atomic number of the product increase by one?

A)alpha
B)beta
C)gamma
D)positron emission
E)electron capture

Question 17

What is the missing product from this reaction?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 18

All atoms of a given element have the same ________.

A)mass number
B)number of nucleons
C)atomic mass
D)number of neutrons
E)atomic number

Question 19

At approximately what number of protons,or neutrons,does the 1:1 ratio of protons to neutrons start to produce unstable nuclei?

A)10
B)20
C)30
D)50
E)80

Question 20

What happens to the mass number and the atomic number of an element when it undergoes beta decay?

A)Neither the mass number nor the atomic number changes.
B)The mass number decreases by 4 and the atomic number decreases by 2.
C)The mass number does not change and the atomic number increases by 1.
D)The mass number does not change and the atomic number decreases by 2.
E)The mass number increases by 2 and the atomic number increases by 1.

Question 21

The half-life of ²¹⁸Po is 3.1 minutes.How much of a 155 gram sample remains after 0.40 hours?

A)0.00067 g
B)0.0072 g
C)0.72 g
D)0.0047 g
E)none of the above

Question 22

In the nuclear transmutation represented by
,what is the product?

A)uranium-242
B)curium-245
C)curium-242
D)uranium-245
E)uranium-243

Question 23

The belt of nuclear stability ends with the element ________.

A)lead
B)polonium
C)radon
D)astatine
E)bismuth

Question 24

The product of the nuclear reaction in which ²⁸Si is subjected to neutron capture followed by alpha emission is ________.

A).³¹S
B).³³S
C).²³Mg
D).²⁵Mg
E).²⁵Al

Question 25

In the nuclear transmutation,
,what is the bombarding particle?

A)an alpha particle
B)a beta particle
C)a gamma photon
D)a proton
E)a phosphorus nucleus

Question 26

The transmutation in which a curium-242 nucleus is bombarded with an alpha particle to produce a californium-245 nucleus is represented by ________.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 27

In the nuclear transmutation represented by
,what is the emitted particle?

A)neutron
B)proton
C)positron
D)alpha particle
E)electron

Question 28

What is required for a nuclear transmutation to occur?

A)very high temperature
B)a corrosive environment
C)a particle to collide with a nucleus or neutron
D)spontaneous nuclear decay
E)gamma emission

Question 29

Which one of the following can be done to shorten the half-life of the radioactive decay of uranium-238?

A)freeze it
B)heat it
C)convert it to UF₆
D)oxidize it to the +2 oxidation state
E)none of the above

Question 30

Cobalt-60 is produced by a three reaction process involving neutron capture,beta-emission,and neutron capture.The initial reactant in the production of cobalt-60 is ________.

A).⁵⁹Co
B).⁵⁶Fe
C).⁵⁸Fe
D).⁶¹Co
E).⁶⁰Fe

Question 31

Transuranium elements have atomic numbers greater than ________.

A)90
B)91
C)92
D)93
E)94

Question 32

The mode of decay of ³²P is ________.

A)alpha emission
B)beta emission
C)positron emission
D)electron capture
E)neutron capture

Question 33

Bombardment of uranium-238 with a deuteron (hydrogen-2)generates neptunium-237 and ________ neutrons.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 34

The beta decay of cesium-137 has a half-life of 30.0 years.How many years must pass to reduce a 25 mg sample of cesium 137 to 8.7 mg?

A)46
B)32
C)3.2
D)50
E)52

Question 35

Cesium-131 has a half-life of 9.7 days.What percent of a cesium-131 sample remains after 60 days?

A)100
B)0
C)1.4
D)98.6
E)more information is needed to solve the problem

Question 36

The transmutation in which neptunium-239 is produced via bombardment of uranium-238 with a neutron is represented by ________.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 37

What is the product for the nuclear transmutation represented by

A)carbon-12
B)carbon-16
C)nitrogen-16
D)carbon-14
E)nitrogen-15

Question 38

What is emitted in the nuclear transmutation,

A)an alpha particle
B)a beta particle
C)a neutron
D)a proton
E)a gamma photon

Question 39

Which of these nuclides is most likely to be radioactive?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 40

Which one of the following requires a particle accelerator to occur?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)none of the above

Question 41

Which one of the following is used as a radiotracer to study blood?

A)iron-59
B)technetium-99
C)sodium-23
D)iodine-131
E)phosphorus-32

Question 42

Pb has a half-life of 22.3 years and decays to produce ²⁰⁶Hg.If you start with 7.50 g of ²¹⁰Pb,how many grams of ²⁰⁶Hg will you have after 17.5 years?

A)4.35
B)3.15
C)3.09
D)0.0600
E)1.71

Question 43

The carbon-14 dating method can be used to determine the age of a ________.

A)flint arrowhead
B)papyrus scroll
C)stone axe head
D)clay pot
E)rock

Question 44

When two atoms of ²H are fused to form one atom of ⁴He,the total energy evolved is .What is the total change in mass (in kg)for this reaction?

A)1.28 × 10^-17
B)4.26 × 10^-26
C)3.45 × 10⁸
D)1.15
E)4.26 × 10^-29

Question 45

The curie is a measure of the ________.

A)number of disintegrations per second of a radioactive substance
B)total energy absorbed by an object exposed to a radioactive source
C)lethal threshold for radiation exposure
D)number of alpha particles emitted by exactly one gram of a radioactive substance
E)None of the above is correct.

Question 46

What is the half-life (in min)of this radionuclide?

A)0.024
B)0.022
C)32
D)0.032
E)45

Question 47

The mass of a proton is 1.673 × 10^-24 g.The mass of a neutron is 1.675 × 10^-24 g.The mass of the nucleus of an ⁵⁶Fe atom is 9.289 × 10^-23 g.What is the nuclear binding energy (in J)for a ⁵⁶Fe nucleus?

A)2.57 × 10^-16
B)7.72 × 10^-8
C)8.36 × 10^-9
D)7.72 × 10^-11
E)6.07 × 10⁶

Question 48

The half-life of ¹³¹I is 0.220 years.How much of a 500.0 mg sample remains after 24 hours?

A)496 mg
B)560 mg
C)219 mg
D)405 mg
E)337 mg

Question 49

The basis for the carbon-14 dating method is that ________.

A)the amount of carbon-14 in all objects is the same
B)carbon-14 is very unstable and is readily lost from the atmosphere
C)the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in the atmosphere is a constant
D)living tissue will not absorb carbon-14 but will absorb carbon-12
E)All of the above are correct.

Question 50

Which one of the following devices converts radioactive emissions to light for detection?

A)Geiger counter
B)photographic film
C)scintillation counter
D)radiotracer
E)none of the above

Question 51

The mass of a proton is 1.00728 amu and that of a neutron is 1.00867 amu.What is the binding energy (in J)of a Co nucleus? (The mass of a cobalt-60 nucleus is 59.9338 amu.Speed of light = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s.)

A)2.74 × 10^-19
B)9.12 × 10^-28
C)4.94 × 10^-13
D)8.20 × 10^-11
E)2.74 × 10^-16

Question 52

Cesium-137 undergoes beta decay and has a half-life of 30.0 years.How many beta particles are emitted by a 14.0-g sample of cesium-137 in three minutes?

A)6.1 × 10¹³
B)6.2 × 10²²
C)8.4 × 10¹⁵
D)1.3 × 10^-8
E)8.1 × 10¹⁵

Question 53

The half-life for beta decay of strontium-90 is 28.8 years.A milk sample is found to contain 10.3 ppm strontium-90.How many years would pass before the strontium-90 concentration would drop to 1.0 ppm?

A)92.3
B)0.112
C)186
D)96.9
E)131

Question 54

The half-life of carbon-11 is 20.3 minutes.How much of a 100.0 mg sample remains after 1.50 hours?

A)8.48 mg
B)4.63 mg
C)12.9 mg
D)22.6 mg
E)7.70 mg

Question 55

The half-life of a radionuclide ________.

A)is constant
B)gets shorter with passing time
C)gets longer with passing time
D)gets shorter with increased temperature
E)gets longer with increased temperature

Question 56

The half-life of ²²²Rn is 3.80 days.If a sample contains 36.0 g of Rn-222,how many years will it take for the sample to be reduced to 1.00 mg of Rn-222?

A)19.7
B)0.1575
C)8.53
D)0.0234
E)none of the above

Question 57

Which one of the following is true?

A)Some spontaneous nuclear reactions are exothermic.
B)Some spontaneous nuclear reactions are endothermic.
C)All spontaneous nuclear reactions are exothermic.
D)There is no relationship between exothermicity and spontaneity in nuclear reactions.
E)All spontaneous nuclear reactions are endothermic.

Question 58

What is a phosphor?

A)an oxide of phosphorus
B)a substance that thermally reduces to phosphorus
C)a bioluminescent substance
D)a substance that emits light when excited by radiation
E)an alkali metal phosphide

Question 59

What is the rate constant (in min^-1)for the decay of this radionuclide?

A)45
B)32
C)0.024
D)0.032
E)0.022

Question 60

The half-life of ²²³Ra is 11.4 days.How much of a 200.0 mg sample remains after 600 hours?

A)0.219 mg
B)21.9 mg
C).0302 mg
D)43.8 mg
E)6.04 mg

Question 61

What is the identity of element E in the nuclear reaction C → E + e?

A)B
B)C
C)O
D)N
E)none of the above

Question 62

The missing product from this reaction is ________.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 63

In terms of binding energy per nucleon,what element divides fission and fusion processes?

A)H
B)He
C)C
D)Fe
E)U

Question 64

The missing reactant from this reaction is ________.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 65

In balancing the nuclear reaction Br → E + e,the identity of element E is ________.

A)Kr
B)Br
C)U
D)Se
E)none of the above

Question 66

The missing product from this reaction is ________.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 67

The missing product from this reaction is ________.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 68

Which one of the following natural radionuclides is the most abundant?

A)Potassium-40
B)Rubidium-87
C)Thorium-232
D)Uranium-238

Question 69

By what process does thorium-230 decay to radium-226?

A)gamma emission
B)alpha emission
C)beta emission
D)electron capture
E)positron emission

Question 70

What is the mass defect (in amu)of a Ni nucleus if the nuclear mass is 59.9308 amu? The mass of a proton is 1.00728 amu and that of a neutron is 1.00867 amu.

A)0.5449
B)0.5505
C)1.2374
D)1.3066
E)28.7930

Question 71

What percentage of electricity generated in the U.S.is from commercial nuclear plants?

A)1%
B)10%
C)19%
D)50%
E)90%

Question 72

The missing reactant from this reaction is ________.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 73

The mass of a proton is 1.00728 amu and that of a neutron is 1.00867 amu.What is the binding energy per nucleon (in J)of a Co nucleus? (The mass of a cobalt-60 nucleus is 59.9338 amu.Speed of light = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s.)

A)1.37 × 10^-12
B)2.49 × 10^-12
C)3.04 × 10^-12
D)9.43 × 10^-13
E)7.01 × 10^-14

Question 74

Which one of the following forms of radiation can penetrate the deepest into body tissue?

A)alpha
B)beta
C)gamma
D)positron
E)proton

Question 75

What type of reaction is known as a thermonuclear reaction?

A)fission
B)fusion
C)transmutation
D)beta emission
E)neutron emission

Question 76

This reaction is an example of ________. Po → Pb + ________

A)alpha decay
B)beta emission
C)gamma emission
D)positron emission
E)electron capture

Question 77

The main scientific difficulty in achieving a controlled fusion process is the ________.

A)enormous repulsion between nuclei being fused
B)enormous repulsion between the electrons of atoms being fused
C)very large number of positrons emitted
D)very large number of x-rays emitted
E)very large number of gamma rays emitted

Question 78

In balancing the nuclear reaction U → E + He,the identity of element E is ________.

A)Pu
B)Np
C)U
D)Pa
E)Th

Question 79

What exposure level to radiation is fatal to most humans?

A)100 rem
B)200 rem
C)600 rem
D)300 rem
E)1000 rem

Question 80

The alpha decay of what isotope of what element produces lead-206?

A)polonium-210
B)radon-222
C)mercury-202
D)bismuth-208
E)thallium-204