Deck 2: Atoms, molecules, and Ions

Question 1

The charge on an electron was determined in the ________.

A)cathode ray tube, by J. J. Thomson
B)Rutherford gold foil experiment
C)Millikan oil drop experiment
D)Dalton atomic theory
E)atomic theory of matter

Answer 1

Millikan oil drop experiment

Question 2

Which one of the following is not one of the postulates of Dalton's atomic theory?

A)Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
B)All atoms of a given element are identical; the atoms of different elements are different and have different properties.
C)Atoms of an element are not changed into different types of atoms by chemical reactions: atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.
D)Compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine; a given compound always has the same relative number and kind of atoms.
E)Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms.

Answer 2

Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Question 3

Which one of the following is not true concerning cathode rays?

A)They originate from the negative electrode.
B)They travel in straight lines in the absence of electric or magnetic fields.
C)They impart a negative charge to metals exposed to them.
D)They are made up of electrons.
E)The characteristics of cathode rays depend on the material from which they are emitted.

Answer 3

The characteristics of cathode rays depend on the material from which they are emitted.

Question 4

Of the three types of radioactivity characterized by Rutherford,which type does not become deflected by a electric field?

A)β-rays
B)α-rays and β-rays
C)α-rays
D)γ-rays
E)α-rays, β-rays, and γ-rays

Question 5

Of the following,the smallest and lightest subatomic particle is the ________.

A)neutron
B)proton
C)electron
D)nucleus
E)alpha particle

Question 6

Cathode rays are deflected away from a negatively charged plate because ________.

A)they are not particles
B)they are positively charged particles
C)they are neutral particles
D)they are negatively charged particles
E)they are emitted by all matter

Question 7

In the absence of magnetic or electric fields,cathode rays ________.

A)do not exist
B)travel in straight lines
C)cannot be detected
D)become positively charged
E)bend toward a light source

Question 8

The gold foil experiment performed in Rutherford's lab ________.

A)confirmed the plum-pudding model of the atom
B)led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus
C)was the basis for Thomson's model of the atom
D)utilized the deflection of beta particles by gold foil
E)proved the law of multiple proportions

Question 9

Which statement below correctly describes the responses of alpha,beta,and gamma radiation to an electric field?

A)Both beta and gamma are deflected in the same direction, while alpha shows no response.
B)Both alpha and gamma are deflected in the same direction, while beta shows no response.
C)Both alpha and beta are deflected in the same direction, while gamma shows no response.
D)Alpha and beta are deflected in opposite directions, while gamma shows no response.
E)Only alpha is deflected, while beta and gamma show no response.

Question 10

________-rays consist of fast-moving electrons.

A)Alpha
B)Beta
C)Gamma
D)X
E)none of the above

Question 11

In the Rutherford nuclear-atom model,________.

A)the heavy subatomic particles, protons and neutrons, reside in the nucleus
B)the three principal subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons)all have essentially the same mass
C)the light subatomic particles, protons and neutrons, reside in the nucleus
D)mass is spread essentially uniformly throughout the atom
E)the three principal subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons)all have essentially the same mass and mass is spread essentially uniformly throughout the atom

Question 12

Consider the following selected postulates of Dalton's atomic theory:
(i)Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms.
(ii)Atoms are indivisible.
(iii)Atoms of a given element are identical.
(iv)Atoms of different elements are different and have different properties.
Which of the postulates is(are)no longer considered valid?

A)(i)and (ii)
B)(ii)only
C)(ii)and (iii)
D)(iii)only
E)(iii)and (iv)

Question 13

Cathode rays are ________.

A)neutrons
B)X-rays
C)electrons
D)protons
E)atoms

Question 14

Which atom has the smallest number of neutrons?

A)carbon-14
B)nitrogen-14
C)oxygen-16
D)fluorine-19
E)neon-20

Question 15

All atoms of a given element have the same ________.

A)mass
B)number of protons
C)number of neutrons
D)number of electrons and neutrons
E)density

Question 16

Which pair of substances could be used to illustrate the law of multiple proportions?

A)SO₂, H₂SO₄
B)CO, CO₂
C)H₂O, O₂
D)CH₄, C₆H₁₂O₆
E)NaCl, KCl

Question 17

Of the three types of radioactivity characterized by Rutherford,which is/are not electrically charged?

A)α-rays
B)α-rays, β-rays, and γ-rays
C)γ-rays
D)α-rays and β-rays
E)α-rays and γ-rays

Question 18

Of the three types of radioactivity characterized by Rutherford,which is/are electrically charged?

A)β-rays
B)α-rays and β-rays
C)α-rays, β-rays, and γ-rays
D)α-rays
E)α-rays and γ-rays

Question 19

A molecule of water contains hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:8 ratio by mass.This is a statement of ________.

A)the law of multiple proportions
B)the law of constant composition
C)the law of conservation of mass
D)the law of conservation of energy
E)none of the above

Question 20

Of the three types of radioactivity characterized by Rutherford,which are particles?

A)β-rays
B)α-rays, β-rays, and γ-rays
C)γ-rays
D)α-rays and γ-rays
E)α-rays and β-rays

Question 21

Which pair of atoms constitutes a pair of isotopes of the same element?

A) X X
B) X X
C) X X
D) X X
E) X X

Question 22

Silver has two naturally occurring isotopes with the following isotopic masses: Ar Ar 106.90509 108.9047
The average atomic mass of silver is 107.8682 amu.The fractional abundance of the lighter of the two isotopes is ________.

A)0.24221
B)0.48168
C)0.51835
D)0.75783
E)0.90474

Question 23

The nucleus of an atom does not contain ________.

A)protons
B)protons or neutrons
C)neutrons
D)subatomic particles
E)electrons

Question 24

Different isotopes of a particular element contain the same number of ________.

A)protons
B)neutrons
C)protons and neutrons
D)protons, neutrons, and electrons
E)subatomic particles

Question 25

The atomic mass unit is presently based on assigning an exact integral mass (in amu)to an isotope of ________.

A)hydrogen
B)oxygen
C)sodium
D)carbon
E)helium

Question 26

In the symbol below,X = ________. X

A)N
B)C
C)Al
D)K
E)not enough information to determine

Question 27

In the symbol below,x is ________. C

A)the number of neutrons
B)the atomic number
C)the mass number
D)the number of electrons
E)the elemental symbol

Question 28

Gravitational forces act between objects in proportion to their ________.

A)volumes
B)masses
C)charges
D)polarizability
E)densities

Question 29

Which one of the following basic forces is so small that it has no chemical significance?

A)weak nuclear force
B)strong nuclear force
C)electromagnetism
D)gravity
E)Coulomb's law

Question 30

Which combination of protons,neutrons,and electrons is correct for the isotope of copper,

A)29 p⁺, 34 n°, 29 e^-
B)29 p⁺, 29 n°, 63 e^-
C)63 p⁺, 29 n°, 63 e^-
D)34 p⁺, 29 n°, 34 e^-
E)34 p⁺, 34 n°, 29 e^-

Question 31

Which isotope has 36 electrons in an atom?

A) Kr
B) Br
C) Se
D) Cl
E) Hg

Question 32

Which isotope has 45 neutrons?

A) Sc
B) Br
C) Se
D) Cl
E) Rh

Question 33

Different isotopes of a particular element contain different numbers of ________.

A)protons
B)neutrons
C)protons and neutrons
D)protons, neutrons, and electrons
E)None of the above is correct.

Question 34

Which of the following atoms has the smallest number of neutrons?

A)carbon-14
B)chlorine-35
C)carbon-12
D)carbon-13
E)bromine-79

Question 35

In the symbol below,x = ________. O

A)17
B)8
C)6
D)7
E)not enough information to determine

Question 36

There are ________ electrons,________ protons,and ________ neutrons in an atom of Xe.

A)132, 132, 54
B)54, 54, 132
C)78, 78, 54
D)54, 54, 78
E)78, 78, 132

Question 37

The subatomic particles located in the nucleus with no overall charges are ________.

A)electrons
B)protons
C)neutrons
D)protons and neutrons
E)protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 38

An atom of the most common isotope of gold, Au,has ________ protons,________ neutrons,and ________ electrons.

A)197, 79, 118
B)118, 79, 39
C)79, 197, 197
D)79, 118, 118
E)79, 118, 79

Question 39

In the symbol shown below,x = ________. C

A)7
B)13
C)12
D)6
E)not enough information to determine

Question 40

Isotopes are atoms that have the same ________ but differing ________.

A)atomic masses, charges
B)mass numbers, atomic numbers
C)atomic numbers, mass numbers
D)charges, atomic masses
E)mass numbers, charges

Question 41

Element X has three naturally occurring isotopes.The masses (amu)and % abundances of the isotopes are given in the table below.The average atomic mass of the element is ________ amu.

A)41.54
B)39.68
C)39.07
D)38.64
E)33.33

Question 42

The element X has three naturally occurring isotopes.The isotopic masses (amu)and % abundances of the isotopes are given in the table below.The average atomic mass of the element is ________ amu.

A)33.33
B)55.74
C)56.11
D)57.23
E)56.29

Question 43

Which one of the following molecular formulas is also an empirical formula?

A)C₆H₆O₂
B)C₂H₆SO
C)H₂O₂
D)H₂P₄O₆
E)C₆H₆

Question 44

Which pair of elements below should be the most similar in chemical properties?

A)C and O
B)B and As
C)I and Br
D)K and Kr
E)Cs and He

Question 45

In the periodic table,the elements are arranged in ________.

A)alphabetical order
B)order of increasing atomic number
C)order of increasing metallic properties
D)order of increasing neutron content
E)increasing atomic mass

Question 46

Vanadium has two naturally occurring isotopes,⁵⁰V with an atomic mass of 49.9472 amu and ⁵¹V with an atomic mass of 50.9440.The atomic weight of vanadium is 50.9415.The percent abundances of the vanadium isotopes are ________% ⁵⁰V and ________% ⁵¹V.

A)0.25, 99.75
B)99.75, 0.25
C)49, 51
D)1.0, 99
E)99, 1.0

Question 47

An element that appears in the lower left corner of the periodic table is ________.

A)either a metal or metalloid
B)definitely a metal
C)either a metalloid or a nonmetal
D)definitely a nonmetal
E)definitely a metalloid

Question 48

An unknown element is found to have three naturally occurring isotopes with atomic masses of and Which of the following is the unknown element?

A)Ar
B)K
C)Cl
D)Ca
E)None of the above could be the unknown element.

Question 49

An element in the upper right corner of the periodic table ________.

A)is either a metal or metalloid
B)is definitely a metal
C)is either a metalloid or a nonmetal
D)is definitely a nonmetal
E)is definitely a metalloid

Question 50

Elements in the same group of the periodic table typically have ________.

A)similar mass numbers
B)similar physical properties only
C)similar chemical properties only
D)similar atomic masses
E)similar physical and chemical properties

Question 51

The element X has three naturally occurring isotopes.The masses (amu)and % abundances of the isotopes are given in the table below.The average atomic mass of the element is ________ amu.

A)17.20
B)16.90
C)17.65
D)17.11
E)16. 90

Question 52

Which pair of elements would you expect to exhibit the greatest similarity in their physical and chemical properties?

A)As, Br
B)Mg, Al
C)I, Br
D)Br, Kr
E)N, O

Question 53

Elements ________ exhibit similar physical and chemical properties.

A)with similar chemical symbols
B)with similar atomic masses
C)in the same period of the periodic table
D)on opposite sides of the periodic table
E)in the same group of the periodic table

Question 54

The average atomic weight of copper,which has two naturally occurring isotopes,is 63.5.One of the isotopes has an atomic weight of 62.9 amu and constitutes 69.1% of the copper isotopes.The other isotope has an abundance of 30.9%.The atomic weight (amu)of the second isotope is ________ amu.

A)63.2
B)63.8
C)64.1
D)64.8
E)28.1

Question 55

The element X has three naturally occurring isotopes.The isotopic masses (amu)and % abundances of the isotopes are given in the table below.The average atomic mass of the element is ________ amu.

A)161.75
B)162.03
C)162.35
D)163.15
E)33.33

Question 56

The element X has two naturally occurring isotopes.The masses (amu)and % abundances of the isotopes are given in the table below.The average atomic mass of the element is ________ amu.

A)30.20
B)33.20
C)34.02
D)35.22
E)32.73

Question 57

The elements in groups 1A,6A,and 7A are called ________,respectively.

A)alkaline earth metals, halogens, and chalcogens
B)alkali metals, chalcogens, and halogens
C)alkali metals, halogens, and noble gases
D)alkaline earth metals, transition metals, and halogens
E)halogens, transition metals, and alkali metals

Question 58

Which pair of elements would you expect to exhibit the greatest similarity in their physical and chemical properties?

A)H, Li
B)Cs, Ba
C)Ca, Sr
D)Ga, Ge
E)C, O

Question 59

The element X has three naturally occurring isotopes.The masses (amu)and % abundances of the isotopes are given in the table below.The average atomic mass of the element is ________ amu.

A)219.7
B)220.4
C)220.42
D)218.5
E)221.0

Question 60

Which pair of elements would you expect to exhibit the greatest similarity in their physical and chemical properties?

A)O, S
B)C, N
C)K, Ca
D)H, He
E)Si, P

Question 61

There are ________ protons,________ neutrons,and ________ electrons in ²³⁸U⁺⁵.

A)146, 92, 92
B)92, 146, 87
C)92, 146, 92
D)92, 92, 87
E)146, 92, 97

Question 62

Which species has 18 electrons?

A)(³⁹K)
B)(³²S^2-)
C)(³⁵Cl)
D)(²⁷Al³⁺)
E)(⁴⁵Sc³⁺)

Question 63

Which one of the following species has as many electrons as it has neutrons?

A)(¹H)
B)(⁴⁰Ca²⁺)
C)(¹⁴_C)
D)(¹⁹F^-)
E)(¹⁴C²⁺)

Question 64

Of the choices below,which one is not an ionic compound?

A)PCl₅
B)MoCl₆
C)RbCl
D)PbCl₂
E)NaCl

Question 65

The molecular formula of a compound is always ________ the empirical formula.

A)more complex than
B)different from
C)an integral multiple of
D)the same as
E)simpler than

Question 66

An empirical formula always indicates ________.

A)which atoms are attached to which in a molecule
B)how many of each atom are in a molecule
C)the simplest whole-number ratio of different atoms in a compound
D)the isotope of each element in a compound
E)the geometry of a molecule

Question 67

There are ________ protons,________ neutrons,and ________ electrons in ¹³¹I^-.

A)131, 53, 54
B)131, 53, 52
C)53, 78, 54
D)53, 131, 52
E)53, 78, 52

Question 68

Which species has 16 protons?

A) P
B)
C) Cl
D) B
E) O

Question 69

Of the following,________ contains the greatest number of electrons.

A)P³⁺
B)P
C)P^2-
D)P^3-
E)P²⁺

Question 70

Which pair of elements is most apt to form a molecular compound with each other?

A)aluminum, oxygen
B)magnesium, iodine
C)sulfur, fluorine
D)potassium, lithium
E)barium, bromine

Question 71

Which of the following species is an isotope of ⁷⁹Br?

A)(⁴⁰Ar⁺)
B)(³⁴S^2-)
C)(⁷⁹Br^-)
D)(⁸⁰Br)
E)(⁷⁹Se)

Question 72

Which of the following species contains 18 electrons?

A)(³¹P)
B)(³⁴S^2-)
C)(³⁶Cl)
D)(⁸⁰Br^-)
E)(¹⁶O)

Question 73

Which pair of elements is most apt to form an ionic compound with each other?

A)barium, bromine
B)calcium, sodium
C)oxygen, fluorine
D)sulfur, fluorine
E)nitrogen, hydrogen

Question 74

A molecular formula always indicates ________.

A)how many of each atom are in a molecule
B)the simplest whole-number ratio of different atoms in a compound
C)which atoms are attached to which in a molecule
D)the isotope of each element in a compound
E)the geometry of a molecule

Question 75

Which species has 54 electrons?

A) Xe⁺
B) Te^2-
C) Sn⁴⁺
D) Cd
E) Xe²⁺

Question 76

Formulas that show how atoms are attached in a molecule are called ________.

A)molecular formulas
B)ionic formulas
C)empirical formulas
D)diatomic formulas
E)structural formulas

Question 77

Which compounds do not have the same empirical formula?

A)C₂H_2, C₆H₆
B)CO, CO₂
C)C₂H_4, C₃H₆
D)C₂H₄O₂, C₆H₁₂O₆
E)C₂H₅COOCH₃, CH₃CHO

Question 78

Which type of formula provides the most information about a compound?

A)empirical
B)molecular
C)simplest
D)structural
E)chemical

Question 79

Which of the following compounds would you expect to be ionic?

A)H₂O
B)CO₂
C)SrCl₂
D)SO₂
E)H₂S

Question 80

Which species contains 68 neutrons?

A) Sn⁺²
B) Sn⁺²
C) Cd⁺²
D) Ga
E) Ti