Deck 6: Other Sensory Systems

Question 1

 When Anette cut her hand, her Meissner's corpuscles sent information to her brain about her pain level.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

 Phase differences are useful for detecting localization of low frequency sounds.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

 The ____ of a sound is the number of compressions per second.

A) pitch
B) frequency
C) amplitude
D) loudness

Answer 3

frequency

Question 4

 The amplitude of a sound wave is its intensity.

Question 5

 Mae adjusted the amplitude of her radio. In other words, she adjusted the _____.

A) loudness
B) timbre
C) pitch
D) frequency

Question 6

 Russell has developed conductive deafness after he suffered damage to his middle ear.

Question 7

 The vestibular organ consists of the saccule, utricle, and three semicircular canals.

Question 8

 What is the intensity of a sound wave called?

A) Frequency
B) Loudness
C) Amplitude
D) Tone

Question 9

 Alline is able to tell where a sound is coming from thanks, in part, to the pinna.

Question 10

 Elfreda burned her tongue and lost some of her taste receptors. She will now have permanent taste problems.

Question 11

 Lacey's voice teacher asked her to sing a higher pitch. Therefore, she adjusted the _____.

A) amplitude
B) frequency
C) intensity
D) loudness

Question 12

 The structures within the ear amplify the sound waves coming into the ear.

Question 13

 Vella has amusia and, therefore, cannot hear.

Question 14

 Itching appears to be a type of pain message.

Question 15

 According to the place theory, the basilar membrane resembles the strings of a piano in that each area along the membrane is tuned to a specific frequency.

Question 16

 What occurs to a tone as the frequency increases?

A) Pitch gets higher.
B) Pitch gets lower.
C) Loudness increases.
D) Loudness decreases.

Question 17

 Following exposure to painful stimuli, brain activation is limited to the somatosensory cortex.

Question 18

 Adaptation occurs quickly to pheromones.

Question 19

 Surrounding the primary auditory cortex are additional auditory areas, in which cells respond more to changes in sounds than to any prolonged sound.

Question 20

 There are hundreds of different types of olfactory receptors.

Question 21

 Vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea cause ____.

A) movement of the pinna
B) hair cells to displace
C) vibrations of the eardrum
D) vestibular input

Question 22

 How do sound waves ultimately result in the production of receptor potentials?

A) The tectorial membrane squeezes the auditory nerve.
B) The basilar membrane releases neurotransmitters.
C) Hair cells in the cochlea vibrate, causing ion channels to open in their membrane.
D) The scala vestibuli has receptors that create action potentials.

Question 23

 Perception of a low tone is to ____ as perception of a high tone is to ____.

A) volley principle; frequency theory
B) frequency theory; place theory
C) place theory; volley principle
D) gate theory; frequency theory

Question 24

 Where are the auditory receptor cells located?

A) In the semicircular canal
B) On the tympanic membrane
C) On the basilar membrane
D) In the malleus

Question 25

 What is the major problem for the frequency theory of sound perception?

A) It cannot account for perception of low pitch sounds.
B) It cannot account for perception of low amplitude sounds.
C) It requires the cochlea to vibrate, and it does not.
D) It requires that neurons respond as quickly than they are able to do.

Question 26

 Why is it important for sound vibrations to be amplified as they pass through the ear?

A) The inner membrane gets less sensitive with age.
B) More force is needed to create waves in fluid.
C) Much of the vibration is lost in the eardrum.
D) Too much is lost through friction.

Question 27

 The eardrum vibrates at ____.

A) a much higher frequency than the sound waves that hit it
B) half the frequency of the sound waves that hit it
C) the same frequency as the sound waves that hit it
D) a constant frequency regardless of the frequency of the sound

Question 28

 Which of the following is not one of the ossicles?

A) Hammer
B) Stirrup
C) Incus
D) Staplers

Question 29

 The fact that the various parts of the basilar membrane are tightly bound together is problematic for which of the following?

A) Frequency theory only
B) Place theory only
C) Volley theory only
D) Both the frequency theory and the place theory

Question 30

 The tympanic membrane connects to three tiny bones that transmit the vibrations to the ____.

A) cochlea
B) pinna
C) oval window
D) hair cells

Question 31

 The current view of how we perceive sounds less than 100 Hz is based on ____.

A) the frequency of action potentials
B) the area along the basilar membrane that responds most strongly
C) volleys of responses
D) the asymmetrical positioning of an individual's ears

Question 32

 The current view of how we perceive high frequencies is based on ____.

A) the frequency of responses by each auditory neuron
B) volleys of responses by many auditory neurons
C) where along the basilar membrane neurons fire most rapidly
D) the ratio of firing among three types of receptors

Question 33

 The fact that the refractory period limits the firing rate of a neuron is problematic for which of the following?

A) Frequency theory only
B) Place theory only
C) Volley theory only
D) Both the frequency theory and the place theory

Question 34

 Professor Gramling is giving a lecture about the auditory system. He tells the class that the basilar membrane is part of the _____ in the _____.

A) cochlea; middle ear
B) cochlea; inner ear
C) tympanic membrane; outer ear
D) malleus; middle ear

Question 35

 Signe got her ears pierced. The earring was placed in her _____.

A) tympanic membrane
B) stapes
C) pinna
D) malleus

Question 36

 Loudness is to ____ as pitch is to ____.

A) frequency; intensity
B) amplitude; frequency
C) pitch; tone
D) amplitude; intensity

Question 37

 Three small bones connect the tympanic membrane to the oval window. What is the function of these bones?

A) They hold the tympanic membrane in place.
B) They convert airwaves into waves of greater pressure.
C) They spread out the air waves over an area of larger diameter.
D) They change the frequency of air waves into lower frequencies that can be heard.

Question 38

 As a result of a horrible ear infection, Charley ruptured his _____ (also known as his eardrum).

A) tympanic membrane
B) pinna
C) oval window
D) round window

Question 39

 In the auditory system, hair cells are specialized receptors that respond to ____.

A) mechanical displacement
B) electromagnetic energy
C) chemicals
D) vestibular input

Question 40

 According to the frequency theory, the ____.

A) tectorial membrane vibrates in synchrony with the auditory nerve
B) auditory nerve is responsible for perception of sound but not loudness
C) basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound, producing action potentials at the same frequency
D) basilar membrane is tuned to a specific frequency and vibrates whenever that frequency is present

Question 41

 Which of the following is true for nerve deafness?

A) It is usually temporary.
B) It often can be corrected by surgery.
C) It will involve a normal cochlea and auditory nerve.
D) It can result from damage to the cochlea.

Question 42

 Gary has conductive deafness as a result of ____ damage.

A) middle ear
B) cochlear
C) hair cell
D) nerve

Question 43

 In terms of sound localization, low frequencies are to ____ differences, as high frequencies are to ____ differences.

A) timing; phase
B) loudness; phase
C) phase; timing
D) phase; loudness

Question 44

 Sadie is able to hear a note and identify is perfectly. She has ____.

A) ultimate pitch
B) sharp pitch
C) tonal pitch
D) absolute pitch

Question 45

 Humans localize low frequencies by ____ differences and high frequencies by ____ differences.

A) timing; phase
B) loudness; phase
C) phase; timing
D) phase; loudness

Question 46

 Rosalinda has had damage to A1, and now she has _____.

A) complete deafness
B) amusia
C) an inability to hear high pitched sounds
D) problems detecting the source of a sound that is moving

Question 47

 A sound shadow refers to ____.

A) out of phase sound waves
B) in phase sound waves
C) the time it takes sound waves to reach the ears
D) how much louder a high-frequency sound is for the ear closest to the sound

Question 48

 Mariee participated in a research study where she was told to imagine different sounds. While she was imagining, she had activation of ______.

A) her tympanic membrane
B) A1
C) cochlea
D) hair cells

Question 49

 Visual imagery is to ____ as auditory imagery is to ____.

A) A1; A1
B) V1; V1
C) area MT; A1
D) V1; A1

Question 50

 Areas bordering the primary auditory cortex are important for ____.

A) detecting loudness of sounds
B) analyzing the meaning of sounds
C) determining location of sounds
D) detecting pitch of sounds

Question 51

 Tinnitus may be ____.

A) suffered by those with conductive deafness
B) seen in the very young
C) due to a phenomenon like the phantom limb
D) due to differential loudness

Question 52

 Damage to V1 produces ____ and damage to A1 produces ____.

A) blindness; complete deafness
B) complete deafness; blindness
C) blindness; deafness to complex sounds
D) blindness; ringing in the ears

Question 53

 What does the vestibular system detect?

A) The degree of stretch of muscles
B) Vibrations on the skin
C) The location of sounds
D) Movement of the head

Question 54

 What sound characteristics can be compared between the two ears to locate the source of the sound?

A) Sound shadows and frequency
B) Frequency and amplitude
C) Loudness and timing
D) Timbre and rhythm

Question 55

 A tonotopic map refers to a(n) ____.

A) auditory cortex map of sounds
B) diagram of which kinds of sounds are most common in different parts of the world
C) diagram comparing the different tones to which different species are sensitive
D) map showing connections between the auditory cortex and the visual cortex

Question 56

 Most auditory information is sent to which hemisphere of the brain?

A) The ipsilateral side
B) The contralateral side
C) The left hemisphere
D) It depends on whether the individual is dominant for audition in the right or the left hemisphere

Question 57

 During her lecture on the auditory system, Professor Breen tells the class that area A1 is located in the _____ lobe.

A) occipital
B) temporal
C) parietal
D) frontal

Question 58

 Which ability would be most impaired with damage to the vestibular senses?

A) Writing
B) Hearing
C) Visually tracking an object while dancing
D) Discriminating salt from sugar

Question 59

 What kind of deafness is the result of damage to the cochlea or the hair cells?

A) Conductive
B) Nerve
C) Temporary
D) Hysterical

Question 60

 Timing differences can be used most accurately for localizing ____.

A) sudden-onset sounds
B) gradual-onset sounds
C) loud sounds
D) bird alarm calls

Question 61

 An acceleration of the head at any angle causes ____.

A) the jelly-like substance in one of the semicircular canals to move to another canal
B) the jelly-like substance in one of the semicircular canals to push against hair cells
C) fluid to spill out from the otolith organs into the semicircular canals
D) hair cells to become stiff and straight

Question 62

 Each spinal nerve has ____.

A) either a sensory or a motor component
B) both a sensory and a motor component
C) connections to most parts of the body
D) connections to each of the major internal organs

Question 63

 Professor Gerke is giving a lecture on the vestibular system. He tells the class that both the ____ are needed for vestibular information.

A) cochlea and otolith organs
B) semicircular canals and cochlea
C) semicircular canals and otolith organs
D) cerebellum and sinuses

Question 64

 When mechanical pressure bends the membrane of a Pacinian corpuscle, ____.

A) the membrane's resistance to the flow of sodium ions increases
B) the membrane's resistance to the flow of sodium ions decreases
C) the membrane becomes hyperpolarized
D) there is a sustained, long-term response to this pressure

Question 65

 During her lecture on pain, Dr. Turk explains to her class that _____ is released by axons that carry information about mild pain.

A) Dopamine
B) Serotonin
C) Substance P
D) Glutamate

Question 66

 Along each strip of somatosensory cortex, different subareas respond to ____.

A) different types of receptors
B) different areas of the body
C) different parts of the cortex
D) different types of transmitters

Question 67

 In the otolith organs, the otoliths are calcium carbonate particles that ____.

A) push against hair cells when moved
B) vibrate with different frequencies
C) stabilize the semicircular canals
D) enhance sound localization

Question 68

 Stimulation of a touch receptor opens ____ channels in the axon.

A) choline
B) potassium
C) sodium
D) calcium

Question 69

 An individual with damage to the primary somatosensory cortex would most have problems with ____.

A) memory
B) hearing
C) ability to locate where they are being touched
D) balance

Question 70

 What kind of receptors detect pain, warmth, and cold?

A) Cranial
B) Semicircular
C) Vestibular
D) Somatosensory

Question 71

 The ____ nucleus of the thalamus is associated with pain perception of the body.

A) anterior
B) posterior
C) ventral posterior
D) ventral lateral

Question 72

 What is a dermatome?

A) An area of the skin innervated by a given spinal nerve
B) An instrument used to record impulses in the spinal cord
C) The point at which sensory nerves make contact with motor nerves
D) An area of the skin that has no touch receptors

Question 73

 The somatosensory system involves sensation of ____.

A) sight and sound
B) sound and touch
C) the body and its movements
D) the head and movements of the eyes

Question 74

 Ruffini's endings are ____.

A) elaborate neuron endings for touch
B) simple, bare neuron endings
C) bare endings surrounded by non-neural cells
D) important components of the blood

Question 75

 Pain receptors of the skin are ____.

A) elaborate neuron endings
B) also known as Ruffini endings
C) simple, bare neuron endings
D) also known as Meissner's corpuscles

Question 76

 Professor Schimke is giving a lecture on the somatosensory system. He tells the class that sensory information travels from the thalamus to the _____.

A) prefrontal lobe
B) amygdala
C) hypothalamus
D) parietal lobe

Question 77

 Cody isn't feeling well and his vestibular system is impaired. What is likely to happen to him?

A) He won't be able to hear.
B) He won't be able to see.
C) He will have trouble walking and might stagger and fall.
D) He will have trouble determining from where a sound is coming.

Question 78

 Why can't Torie tickle herself?

A) A person cannot reach his/her own tickle receptors.
B) Because her brain is comparing the sensation to what is "expected" and creates a weaker response.
C) She is left-handed.
D) She lacks tickle receptors.

Question 79

 Pacinian corpuscles respond best to ____.

A) rapid mechanical pressure
B) low frequency sounds
C) horizontal head movements
D) slow mechanical movements

Question 80

 Meissner's corpuscles are ____.

A) elaborate neuron endings for touch
B) simple, bare neuron endings
C) bare endings surrounded by non-neural cells
D) important components of the blood