Deck 13: Liquids

Question 1

The following table lists normal boiling points for different substances: Which of the following alternatives is true?

A)The vapor pressure of propionic acid is the highest of all the substances listed under these conditions.
B)The molecules of acetone experience the weakest interactions compared to any other substance listed.
C)The molecules of propionic acid experience the strongest interactions compared to any other substance listed.
D)Alternatives A and C are correct.

Answer 1

The molecules of propionic acid experience the strongest interactions compared to any other substance listed.

Question 2

Which phase change corresponds to condensation?

A)Liquid to gas
B)Solid to liquid
C)Solid to gas
D)Gas to liquid

Answer 2

Gas to liquid

Question 3

As the volatility of a liquid increases,its equilibrium vapor pressure

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains the same.

Answer 3

increases.

Question 4

What is the vapor pressure of water at 100.^°C?

A)0 torr
B)100 torr
C)373 torr
D)760 torr

Question 5

The following table lists some compounds and their respective surface tensions at 25°C: Which of the following alternatives is false?

A)The attractive forces between molecules of butanoic acid are stronger than those between molecules of 1-chlorobutane.
B)The attractive forces between molecules of 1-chlorobutane are stronger than those between molecules of 1-bromobutane.
C)Molecules of 1-chlorobutane experience the least resistance to increase their surface area compared to any of the other compounds.
D)The compounds 1-chlorobutane,2-bromobutane,1-bromobutane,and butanoic acid are arranged in order of increasing strength of their intermolecular forces.

Question 6

In a system at equilibrium between the liquid and gas phases

A)the rate at which particles change from gas to liquid exceeds the rate at which they change from liquid to gas.
B)the rate at which particles change from liquid to gas exceeds the rate at which they change from gas to liquid.
C)the rate at which particles change from gas to liquid equals the rate at which they change from liquid to gas.
D)particles stop changing phase.

Question 7

Which has the highest vapor pressure?

A)25 mL of water at 283 K
B)10 mL of water at 298 K
C)50 mL of water at 293 K
D)5 mL of water at 323 K

Question 8

Which phase change corresponds to sublimation?

A)Solid to gas
B)Liquid to gas
C)Gas to liquid
D)Solid to liquid

Question 9

The vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure,at equilibrium,of its

A)solid above its liquid.
B)liquid above its solid.
C)gas above its liquid.
D)liquid above its gas.

Question 10

As the attractive forces between the molecules of a liquid increase,its volatility

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains the same.

Question 11

Which phase change corresponds to evaporation?

A)Solid to liquid
B)Solid to gas
C)Liquid to gas
D)Liquid to solid

Question 12

As the rate of evaporation of a liquid increases,its equilibrium vapor pressure

A)Increases
B)Decreases
C)Remains the same

Question 13

Which has the lowest vapor pressure?

A)25 mL of water at 283 K
B)10 mL of water at 298 K
C)50 mL of water at 293 K
D)5 mL of water at 323 K

Question 14

As the attractive forces between the molecules of a liquid increase,its equilibrium vapor pressure

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains the same.

Question 15

Use the following graph to select the boiling point of ethyl alcohol at 400 torr.

A)about 35°C
B)about 78°C
C)about 20°C
D)about 62°C

Question 16

What is the boiling point of water at one atmosphere of pressure?

A)0 K
B)100 K
C)273 K
D)373 K

Question 17

The boiling point temperature of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure

A)is less than the external pressure.
B)is greater than the external pressure.
C)is equal to the external pressure.

Question 18

As the attractive forces between the molecules of a liquid increase,its surface tension

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains the same.

Question 19

Which segment in the following figure corresponds to melting?

A)AB
B)BC
C)CD
D)DE

Question 20

Which phases or states are present within the CD segment in the figure shown below?

A)solid + liquid
B)solid only
C)liquid only
D)liquid + gas

Question 21

Which phase change represents melting?

A)Liquid to solid
B)Solid to liquid
C)Liquid to gas
D)Gas to liquid

Question 22

Which of the following reactions would produce water?

A)Fe(s)+ HNO₃(aq)
B)NaCl(aq)+ KOH(aq)
C)C₃H₈(g)+ O₂(g)
D)H₂(g)+ Zn(s)

Question 23

For any substance,which phase of matter contains the greatest amount of energy?

A)Solid
B)Liquid
C)Gas

Question 24

The amount of energy required to change one gram of a liquid,at its boiling point,to a gas is called its heat of

A)fusion.
B)freezing.
C)vaporization.
D)sublimation.

Question 25

As the external pressure on a liquid increases,its boiling point temperature

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains the same.

Question 26

The freezing point of a substance is the temperature at which its

A)solid phase is in equilibrium with its gaseous phase.
B)liquid phase is in equilibrium with its gaseous phase.
C)solid phase is in equilibrium with its liquid phase.

Question 27

At which external pressure will water boil at the highest temperature?

A)0.5 atm
B)1.0 atm
C)1.5 atm
D)2.0 atm

Question 28

A sample of water at 20. ^° C contains

A)covalent bonds only.
B)hydrogen bonds only.
C)both,covalent and hydrogen bonds.
D)neither,covalent nor hydrogen bonds.

Question 29

Hydrogen bonds form between molecules of

A)H₂O
B)H₂S
C)H₂Se
D)H₂Te

Question 30

Approximately,what percentage of the Earth's surface is covered with water?

A)25 %
B)50 %
C)75 %
D)100 %

Question 31

What is the normal freezing point of water?

A)0 K
B)32 K
C)273 K
D)373 K

Question 32

When 5.00 g of Al₂(SO₄)₃
18H₂O are heated until it dehydrates,how many grams of water are produced?

A)2.77 g
B)4.74 g
C)2.43 g
D)4.51 g

Question 33

The amount of energy required to change one gram of a solid,at its freezing point,to a liquidis called its heat of

A)sublimation.
B)vaporization.
C)fusion.
D)condensation.

Question 34

Which substance contains molecules that will not form hydrogen bonds?

A)Hydrogen
B)Hydrogen fluoride
C)Water
D)Ammonia

Question 35

Hydrogen bonds will form between molecules of compounds in which hydrogen is bonded to atoms of elements with

A)high electronegativity and large atomic radius.
B)high electronegativity and small atomic radius.
C)low electronegativity and large atomic radius.
D)low electronegativity and small atomic radius.

Question 36

The normal freezing point of water is zero degrees Celsius.What is its normal melting point?

A)-1^° C
B)0^° C
C)1^° C
D)100^° C

Question 37

How many moles of water will be produced when 15.0 g of calcium chloride dihydrate are heated?

A)0.134 moles
B)0.0510 moles
C)0.204 moles
D)0.102 moles

Question 38

The normal boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals

A)100 torr
B)337 torr
C)373 torr
D)760 torr

Question 39

Hydrogen bonding will not occur in molecules that contain bonds between hydrogen and

A)fluorine.
B)oxygen.
C)bromine.
D)nitrogen.

Question 40

Which phase change represents freezing?

A)Liquid to solid
B)Solid to liquid
C)Liquid to gas
D)Gas to liquid

Question 41

Which is a basic anhydride?

A)Carbon dioxide
B)Carbon monoxide
C)Sulfur dioxide
D)Calcium oxide

Question 42

What type of bond exists between water molecules?

A)Polar covalent
B)Nonpolar covalent
C)Ionic
D)Hydrogen bond

Question 43

The high boiling point of water is due to

A)polar covalent bonds.
B)nonpolar covalent bonds.
C)ionic bonds.
D)hydrogen bonds.

Question 44

Which is an acidic anhydride?

A)Strontium oxide
B)Potassium oxide
C)Barium oxide
D)Dinitrogen pentoxide

Question 45

Which is an acidic anhydride?

A)Magnesium oxide
B)Sulfur trioxide
C)Lithium oxide
D)Sodium oxide

Question 46

What mass of water is found in one mole of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate?

A)120.37 g
B)138.39 g
C)126.14 g
D)246.51 g

Question 47

How many molecules of water are contained in one formula unit of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate?

A)6
B)7
C)8
D)24

Question 48

Which bond type is weakest?

A)Polar covalent bond
B)Nonpolar covalent bond
C)Ionic bond
D)Hydrogen bond

Question 49

The low equilibrium vapor pressure of water is due to

A)polar covalent bonds.
B)nonpolar covalent bonds.
C)ionic bonds.
D)hydrogen bonds.

Question 50

Which is the anhydride of sulfuric acid?

A)H₂SO₃
B)H₂SO₄
C)SO₂
D)SO₃

Question 51

How many grams of water would react with 27.5 g of calcium metal?

A)27.5 g
B)12.4 g
C)6.18 g
D)24.7 g

Question 52

Which is the anhydride of nitric acid?

A)NO₃
B)NO₂
C)N₂O₄
D)N₂O₅

Question 53

Which is the anhydride of calcium hydroxide?

A)CaOH
B)Ca(OH)₂
C)CaO
D)CaO₂

Question 54

Use the following information to select the substance with the lowest boiling point.

A)Br₂
B)CH₃CH₂OH
C)CH₃COCH₃
D)C₆H₆

Question 55

Which is the anhydride of sodium hydroxide?

A)NaO
B)Na₂O
C)NaOH
D)Na(OH)₂

Question 56

What is the maximum density of water?

A)0.804 g/mL
B)1.00 g/mL
C)18.02 g/mL
D)22.4 g/mL

Question 57

Which is a basic anhydride?

A)Sodium oxide
B)Nitrogen dioxide
C)Dinitrogen pentoxide
D)Silicon dioxide

Question 58

Hard water contains salts of

A)potassium and sodium.
B)calcium and magnesium.
C)barium and lithium.
D)barium and sodium.

Question 59

Which gas is produced when active metals react with cold water?

A)Oxygen
B)Carbon dioxide
C)Hydrogen
D)Nitrogen

Question 60

What type of bond exists within the water molecule?

A)Polar covalent
B)Nonpolar covalent
C)Ionic
D)Hydrogen bond

Question 61

A sample of liquid water at 100. ^°C absorbs 113 kJ of heat energy.How much of the water will be converted to steam? The heat of vaporization of water is 2.26 kJ/g.

A)50.0 g
B)0.0200 g
C)255 g
D)113 g

Question 62

Which of the following compounds will not exhibit hydrogen bonding?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 63

What quantity of heat must be removed from 20.0 g of liquid water at 0 ^°C to completely freeze the water? The heat of fusion of ice is 335 J/g.

A)315 J
B)16.8 J
C)6700 J
D)0.0597 J

Question 64

Which of the following substances would exhibit hydrogen bonding?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 65

The term that best describes the rise of water up a thin glass cylinder is

A)vapor pressure.
B)capillary action.
C)cohesive force.
D)adhesive force.

Question 66

The chemical formula for calcium chlorate dihydrate is:

A)CaCl₂
2H₂O
B)Ca(ClO₂)₂
2H₂O
C)Ca(ClO₃)₂
2H₂O
D)Ca(ClO₃)₂H₂

Question 67

The name for (NH₄)₃PO₄
3H₂O is:

A)ammonium phosphate trihydrate
B)triammonia phosphate triwater
C)triammonium phosphate trihydrate
D)ammonium phosphide trihydrate

Question 68

What amount of heat is required to convert 3.00 kg of water at its boiling point to steam? The heat of vaporization of water is 2.26 kJ/g.

A)6.78 kJ
B)6780 kJ
C)1330 kJ
D)1.33 kJ

Question 69

What is the percent water in MgSO₄.7H₂O?

A)2.05 %
B)51.2 %
C)0.488 %
D)48.8 %

Question 70

What is the percent water in copper(II)sulfate pentahydrate?

A)22.3 %
B)36.1 %
C)63.9 %
D)77.7 %

Question 71

A sample of water at 10.0 ^° C absorbs 4410 J of heat energy.The temperature of the sample increases to 72.0 ^°C.What is the mass of the water? The specific heat of liquid water is 4.184 J/g^°C.

A)14.7 g
B)17.0 g
C)256 g
D)297 g

Question 72

Which of the following properties of water is not affected by hydrogen bonding?

A)Boiling point
B)Freezing point
C)Vapor pressure
D)Molar mass

Question 73

An 18.0 g sample of liquid water at 42.0 ^° C releases 979 J of heat energy.What is the final temperature of the water? The specific heat of liquid water is 4.184 J/g ^°C.

A)13.0 ^° C
B)29.0 ^° C
C)36.0 ^° C
D)55.0 ^° C

Question 74

A 32.0 g sample of liquid water at 21.0 ^° C absorbs 2276 J of heat energy.What will be the final temperature of the water? The specific heat of liquid water is 4.185 J/g ^°C.

A)4.0 ⁰ C
B)17.0 ⁰ C
C)38.0 ⁰ C
D)58.0 ⁰ C

Question 75

Hydrogen bonding

A)occurs only between water molecules.
B)is stronger than covalent bonding.
C)can occur between ammonia and water.
D)results from strong attractive forces in ionic compounds.

Question 76

A hydrogen bond is

A)a covalent bond between water molecules
B)a dipole-dipole attraction between molecules that contain H bonded to F,O,or N.
C)an ionic bond between water molecules.
D)a covalent bond between molecules that contain H bonded to F,O,or N.

Question 77

What quantity of heat is required to change 40.0 g of ice at melting point to liquid water? The heat of fusion of ice is 335 J/g.

A)13400 J
B)0.119 J
C)8.38 J
D)375 J

Question 78

What quantity of heat is required to convert 40.0 g of liquid water at its boiling point to steam? The heat of vaporization of water is 2.26 kJ/g.

A)17.7 kJ
B)0.0565 kJ
C)42.3 kJ
D)90.4 kJ

Question 79

What quantity of heat is required to change the temperature of 30.0 g of water at 10.0 ^°C to 25.0 ^°C? The specific heat of liquid water is 4.184 J/g ^°C.

A)62.8 J
B)126 J
C)107 J
D)1880 J

Question 80

A sample of ice at 0^° C absorbs 6030 J of heat energy.How much of the ice can melt? The heat of fusion of ice is 335 J/g.

A)6030 g
B)2.02 10 ⁶ g
C)18.0 g
D)5700 g