Deck 10: Muscular Tissue

Question 1

Place the muscle tissue type in order from least to most ability to regenerate.

A)smooth,skeletal,cardiac
B)skeletal,cardiac,smooth
C)cardiac,smooth,skeletal
D)skeletal,smooth,cardiac
E)cardiac,skeletal,smooth

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which protein is used to reinforce the sarcolemma and help transmit the tension generated by the sarcomeres to the tendons?

A)troponin
B)tropomyosin
C)myosin
D)actin
E)dystrophin

Answer 2

E

Question 3

After the fusion of myoblasts,the muscle fiber loses its ability to

A)grow
B)lengthen
C)contract
D)go through mitosis

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which functions as a motor protein in all three types of muscle tissue?

A)actin
B)myosin
C)troponin
D)titin
E)tropomyosin

Question 5

For crossbridges to occur,what events must happen? Select all that apply.

A)ATPase breaks down ATP.
B)calcium ions be present in the sarcoplasm.
C)myosin binding sites be exposed.
D)high amounts of sodium be present in the synaptic cleft
E)Acetylcholine be present in the synaptic cleft

Question 6

Which property of muscle gives it the ability to stretch without damage?

A)electrical excitability
B)contractility
C)extensibility
D)elasticity

Question 7

Contraction of myofibrils within a muscle fiber begins when

A)sodium enters the muscle fiber
B)acetylcholine binds to ligand gates
C)calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
D)an action potential travels t-tubules
E)calcium is moved into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

Which correctly lists the sequence of structures that action potentials must move through to excite skeletal muscle contraction?

A)sarcolemma,axon of neuron,T tubules
B)T tubules,sarcolemma,myofilament
C)muscle fiber,axon of neuron,myofibrils
D)axon of neuron,sarcolemma,T tubules
E)myofibrils,myofilaments,mitochondria

Question 9

Compare and contrast the structural characteristics of the three different types of muscular tissue.

Question 10

Which regions of the sarcomere contain thick filaments? Select all that apply.

A)zone of overlap
B)A band
C)H zone
D)I band

Question 11

Which characteristics describe both skeletal and cardiac muscle?

A)striations
B)autorhymicity
C)cell shape
D)autonomic control
E)somatic control

Question 12

Which region of a sarcomere contain thin filaments?

A)I band
B)A band
C)H zone
D)Both I band and A band.

Question 13

The outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle is the

A)tendon
B)ligament
C)endomysium
D)epimysium
E)perimysium

Question 14

During muscle contractions ,thin filaments are pulled towards the

A)Z disc.
B)H zone.
C)M line.
D)A band.
E)I band.

Question 15

Myofibrils contain what type of proteins? Select all that apply.

A)contractile proteins.
B)regulatory proteins.
C)structural proteins.
D)tensile proteins

Question 16

The opening of ligand gates on the sarcolemma is directly caused by

A)acetylcholine attachment.
B)calcium influx into the motor neuron .
C)sodium influx into the muscle fiber.
D)acetylcholinesterase activity
E)all choices are correct

Question 17

Which of the regions of a sarcomere contain titin?

A)the A band only
B)the H zone only
C)the zone of overlap only
D)from M line to Z disc
E)the I band only

Question 18

Which function do all three muscles perform?

A)moving and storing material throughout the body
B)generating heat through contractions
C)stabilizing the movement of joints
D)promoting movement of body structures

Question 19

)Skeletal muscle contraction is triggered to begin when calcium is released from

A)myofibrils
B)mitochondria
C)terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum
D)T-tubules

Question 20

The contractile organelles of a skeletal muscle fiber are _________,which are composed of repeating units called ________.
Answer 1 choices:
myocytes
sarcomeres
myofibrils
fascicles
Answer 2 choices:
fascicles
myofibrils
sarcomeres
myocytes

Question 21

In the diagram,acetylcholine is released from ____ and diffuses to _____.

A)A;B
B)B;E
C)C;A
D)D;C
E)E;B

Question 22

On the diagram,a tendon is formed by the merging of which structures?
]

A)C,D,and H
B)D and E
C)H and C
D)C and D
E)answers a-d are all correct

Question 23

Which microscopic structure is found only in the cardiac muscle tissue?

A)myosin
B)tropomyosin
C)sarcomeres
D)intercalated discs
E)striations

Question 24

At the neuromuscular junction,_______must enter the synaptic end bulb to stimulate the release of ____________,which binds to ligand gates so ________can enter the muscle fiber.

A)calcium ions;ACh,sodium ions
B)sodium ions,calcium ions,ACh
C)ACh,calcium ions,sodium ions
D)sodium ions,ACh,calcium ions
E)calcium ions,sodium ions,ACh

Question 25

In the diagram,calcium ions will rush into this area.

A)B
B)C
C)D

Question 26

Smooth muscle tone is maintained by the prolonged presence of [_____] in the muscle cell's cytosol?

A)ATP
B)calcium ions
C)sodium ions
D)acetylcholine
E)oxygen

Question 27

A brief contraction of all muscle fibers in a motor unit in response to a single action potential moving down the somatic motor neuron is known as

A)unfused tetanus.
B)fused tetanus
C)wave summation.
D)refractory period.
E)twitch contraction.

Question 28

What energizes the myosin head?

A)acetylcholine
B)calcium ions
C)Phosphate release
D)ATP hydrolysis reaction
E)ADP synthesis

Question 29

Describe the factors that lead to muscle fatigue.

Question 30

Which term describes a somatic motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates?

A)synapse
B)motor unit
C)neuromuscular junction
D)motor end plate

Question 31

On the diagram,which layer is composed of dense irregular and surrounds a muscle?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 32

Which ATP production would be sufficient to run in place for one minute?

A)creatine phosphate
B)anaerobic cellular respiration
C)aerobic cellular respiration

Question 33

Which of the following structures are made of dense regular connective tissue?

A)F
B)A
C)I
D)Both F and I

Question 34

Which type of muscle tissue contracts when excited by their own autorhythmic muscle fibers?

A)cardiac muscle
B)slow twitch oxidative skeletal muscle
C)multi-unit smooth muscle
D)fast twitch glycolytic skeletal muscle

Question 35

Motor unit recruitment occurs when there is a(n)[increase] in the number of active motor units within a skeletal muscle.

A)increase
B)decrease
C)no change

Question 36

For the muscle to contract and relax,what must be present (choose all that apply)?

A)ATP
B)calcium ions
C)ACh
D)sodium ions

Question 37

World class shot-putters will have a higher percentage of ______in their arm muscles.

A)slow oxidative fibers
B)fast oxidative fibers
C)fast glycolytic fibers

Question 38

On the diagram,what structure is composed of the three connective tissue layers that extend past the muscle?

A)A
B)B
C)E
D)G
E)H

Question 39

In skeletal muscles,the combined amounts of creatine phosphate and ATP provide enough energy for the muscle to contract maximally for approximately

A)15 seconds.
B)15 minutes.
C)1)5 minutes.
D)5 seconds.
E)one minute.

Question 40

Why would cardiac muscles have longer refractory periods than skeletal muscles.Choose the best answer?

A)to preserve the normal rhythm of the heart and prevent fatigue
B)the muscle types contain different contractile proteins
C)skeletal muscle is autorhythmic
D)skeletal muscles have prolonged calcium influx
E)cardiac muscle is not dependent on aerobic respiration to produce ATP

Question 41

How does a nerve impulse elicit a muscle action potential?

Question 42

All of the muscle fibers within the muscle are fully contracted in

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 43

In embryonic muscle development,what happens to the somites?

Question 44

In the diagram,which structure(s)moves towards the center of the sarcomere (closer together)when the fiber contracts?

A)A
B)C
C)J
D)Both A and C

Question 45

What is the major difference between the two types of smooth muscle tissue?

Question 46

Thapsigargin is a potent calcium ATPase pump inhibitors.What state of the myogram would be affected immediately?

A)Latent period
B)Contraction period
C)Relaxation period
D)All myogram stages are affected

Question 47

In the diagram,what area is composed of only thick filaments?

A)C
B)E
C)A
D)B
E)D

Question 48

Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker,reducing free intracellular calcium.What stage of the myogram would be affected immediately?

A)Latent period
B)Contraction period
C)Relaxation period
D)All myogram stages are affected

Question 49

What are the three ways that ATP can be produced in muscle fibers?

Question 50

In the diagram,which structure helps return a stretched sarcomere to its resting length?

A)B
B)C
C)E
D)Both B and C
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 51

Which disorder occurs when little to no proteins are produced to support the sarcolemma?

A)muscular hypertrophy
B)muscular atrophy
C)fibromyalgia
D)myasthenia gravis
E)muscular dystrophy

Question 52

In the diagram,what structure contains motor proteins that convert the energy in ATP into mechanical movements?

A)C
B)A
C)E
D)D

Question 53

In the diagram,where would you find stored Ca²⁺?

A)B
B)D
C)G
D)F
E)K

Question 54

In the diagram,where are troponin,tropomyosin and nebulin located?

A)B
B)C
C)S
D)E
E)D

Question 55

List the four steps of the contraction cycle in order of occurrence.What is needed for these steps to continuously repeat?

Question 56

Which portion of this myogram shows a single twitch of the muscle?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)none of these choices

Question 57

In the diagram,how do action potentials penetrate the outside of the muscle fiber? .

A)D
B)E
C)L
D)K
E)A

Question 58

When an athlete performs a pull up (raising their chin to a bar while their body hangs),the process of pulling the body up so the chin can touch the bar is

A)Concentric
B)Eccentric
C)Isometric

Question 59

In the diagram,what area contains both thick and thin filaments?

A)G
B)I
C)H
D)Both B and C

Question 60

When an athlete performs a pull up (raising their chin to a bar while their body hangs),the process of lowering the body down is

A)Concentric
B)Eccentric
C)Isometric

Question 61

Mitochondrial activity in skeletal muscle cells are usually efficient,but can have limited ATP production if

A)there is pyruvic acid accumulation.
B)there is limited O₂ availability
C)CO₂ is produced as a waste product.

Question 62

What is the result of acetylcholine attaching to the ligand gates of the motor end plate?

A)the sarcolemma increases permeability to sodium
B)the positive charge of the sarcolemma decreases
C)calcium ions will be actively transported into the SR
D)calcium voltage gates on the neurolemma are inactive

Question 63

After prolonged strenuous exercise has stopped,heavy breathing will often continue for several minutes in order to provide the oxygen needed to

A)convert the lactic acid produced during exercise back into glycogen.
B)resynthesize creatine phosphate.
C)replace oxygen displaced from muscle myoglobin.
D)all of these choices are correct

Question 64

The drug dantrolene inhibits release of calcium into the sarcoplasm.Dantrolene affects the ____ _____.

Question 65

Writer's cramp can occur in Anatomy and Physiology lecture class.What factor would most likely contribute to the muscles not being able to relax?

A)oxygen being delivered by myoglobin and hemoglobin
B)a deficit of ATP keeping myosin from detaching
C)calcium being pumped into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
D)ACh being degraded by AChE

Question 66

Which type of muscle tissue is capable of undergoing the stress-relaxation response when stretched?

A)cardiac muscle fibers
B)fast glycolytic fibers
C)fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers
D)multiunit smooth muscle fibers
E)single-unit smooth muscle fibers

Question 67

Which statement explains the sarcomere appearance change during a muscle contraction?

A)The light A bands remain at a constant length.
B)The I bands lengthen.
C)The I bands will only consist of thin filament.
D)The h zone shortens as actin filaments slide towards the m-line.

Question 68

The zone of overlap increases during the

A)latent period
B)contraction period
C)relaxation period
D)absolute refractory period
E)relative refractory period

Question 69

An action potential depolarizes the synaptic end bulb,which causes openings of _____.The influx of _______ causes exocytosis of _______.The neurotransmitter attaches to _________.Opening of the channel allows an influx of _____________.
Drop down choices (in correct order)
Acetylcholine
Calcium ions
Ligand gates
Sodium ions
Voltage gates
Voltage gates
Ligand gates
Sodium ions

Question 70

Muscle damage can be indicated by…

A)myoglobin found in blood.
B)few mitochondria located in muscle fibers.
C)low concentration of creatine kinase in the sarcoplasm.
D)slow myosin ATPase.
E)high amount of glycogen in the sarcoplasm.

Question 71

Which age group would be most susceptible to an increase in slow oxidative muscle fibers?

A)pre-teens (9-12 years old)
B)teenagers (13-19 years old)
C)20-29 years old
D)30+ years

Question 72

Match the terms to their actions.
Which of the following wraps around groups of muscles?
_________:wraps around groups of muscles
_________:encircles muscle
_________:encircles fascicles
_________:separates muscle fibers
Drop Down Choices:
Endomysium
Epimysium
Fascia
Perimysium

Question 73

When an athlete is preparing to perform a pull up,they hang from the bar.At this point,they are performing what type of contractions?

A)Concentric
B)Eccentric
C)Isometric

Question 74

Discuss the steps involved in contraction of smooth muscle and explain why smooth muscle has a slower contraction cycle.

Question 75

Strength training would result in

A)atrophy of fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers
B)hypertrophy of fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers
C)hyperplasia of fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers
D)conversion of slow oxidative fibers to fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers

Question 76

The relaxation phase of a muscle contraction is often prolonged in a fatigued muscle,raising the likelihood of fused summation of action potentials causing painful disturbances to a skeletal muscle.What disturbance is being described?

A)fasciculation
B)tremor
C)fibrillation
D)cramp

Question 77

In a neuromuscular junction,the effect of acetylcholine (ACh)binding to receptors on the motor end plate lasts only briefly due to

A)rapid uptake of the ACh into the myofiber.
B)endocytosis of the ACh receptor into the myofiber.
C)rapid destruction of ACh in the synaptic cleft by acetylcholinesterase.
D)rapid destruction of ACh in the synaptic cleft by monoamine oxidase.
E)diffusion of the ACh out of the synaptic cleft.

Question 78

)Cross bridges are formed during muscle contraction when _____ binds to _____.

A)myosin;troponin
B)actin;troponin
C)myosin;actin
D)actin;myosin
E)actin;tropomyosin

Question 79

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder that targets the ACh receptors at the NMJ and ultimately reduces the number of available receptors.Predict what happens if you treat the patient with a drug that inhibits the activity of acetylcholinesterase?

A)The drug will prevent contraction.
B)The drug will cause a weak contraction.
C)The drug will increase contraction.
D)The drug will cause spasm.

Question 80

Lidocain inhibits the ion movement required to initiate and conduct impulses on a muscle cell.What area does lidocaine affect (place your answer in the box below)?