Deck 15: The Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

The two main neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system are

A)noradrenaline and adrenaline.
B)adrenaline and acetylcholine.
C)norepinephrine and dopamine.
D)norepinephrine and acetylcholine.
E)acetylcholine and dopamine.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

[dropdown 1] rami communicantes contain [dropdown 2] axons and only are present in the thoracic and L1-3 region.The rami are formed from [dropdown 3] neurons.
Dropdown 1 choices:
White
Gray
Dropdown 2 choices:
Myelinated
Unmyelinated
Dropdown 3 choices: Preganglionic sympathetic
Preganglionic parasympathetic
Postganglionic sympathetic
Postganglionic parasympathetic

Answer 2

1.white
2.myelinated
3.Preganglionic sympathetic

Question 3

Jennifer is at a stoplight and begins to accelerate into traffic when the light turns green.She stops suddenly as a truck runs the red light and is only a few inches away from her front bumper.Which effect would you NOT expect to see in Jennifer's body?

A)Increased heart rate
B)Airway dilation
C)Increased pupil diameter
D)Increased secretion of digestive juices
E)Increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Place the events in order of sympathetic motor pathway.
1)postganglionic neuron depolarizes
2)acetylcholine binds to sweat gland's muscarinic receptor
3)postganglionic neuron releases acetylcholine
4)neuron exits lumbar segment of spinal cord
5)acetylcholine binds to nicotinic receptor
6)neuron releases acetylcholine

A)2,3,1,4,6,5
B)4,6,5,1,3,2
C)6,4,5,3,2,1
D)4,5,6,1,3,2
E)5,3,4,1,2,6

Question 5

Which structure is dually innervated?

A)radial iris muscle
B)spleen
C)adipose tissue
D)most blood vessels
E)stomach

Question 6

Acetylcholine is always released by _____ postganglionic neurons and is removed from the synaptic cleft at a _____ rate than norepinephrine.

A)sympathetic;slower
B)sympathetic;faster
C)parasympathetic;slower
D)parasympathetic;faster
E)both parasympathetic and sympathetic;slower

Question 7

The ______contains sympathetic preganglionic axons and connects the anterior ramus of the spinal nerve with the sympathetic trunk ganglia.

A)autonomic plexus
B)Greater splanchnic nerve
C)meningeal branch
D)White rami communicanes
E)Gray rami communicanes

Question 8

Cholinergic receptors include

A)nicotinic and adrenergic receptors
B)muscarinic,alpha,and beta receptors
C)adrenergic and nicotinic receptors
D)nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
E)alpha,beta,and nicotinic receptors

Question 9

Parasympathetic innervation of the liver occurs through

A)oculomotor (III)nerve
B)facial (VII)nerve
C)glossopharyngeal (IX)nerve
D)vagus (X)nerve
E)pelvic splanchnic nerve.

Question 10

Neurons leaving the superior cervical ganglion primarily serve what regions? Select all that apply

A)Abdominal
B)Pelvic
C)Heart
D)Head
E)Lungs

Question 11

The largest autonomic plexus is called the

A)superior mesenteric plexus.
B)renal plexus.
C)cardiac plexus.
D)celiac plexus.
E)hypogastric plexus.

Question 12

[dropdown 1 innervates sweat glands over the entire body.[dropdown 2] stimulates urination and defecation.[dropdown 3] innervates the sex organs.[dropdown 4] increases gastric motility.
Dropdown choices: Sympathetic system
Parasympathetic system
Both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

Question 13

_____ is the neurotransmitter used by the pathway shown in the diagram and it causes ____.

A)Norepinephrine;depolarization
B)Acetylcholine;depolarization
C)Epinephrine;depolarization
D)Norepinephrine;hyperpolarization
E)Acetylcholine;hyperpolarization

Question 14

Which nerve supplies the inferior mesenteric ganglion with preganglionic neurons?

A)Lumbar splanchnic nerve
B)Lesser splanchnic nerve
C)Greater splanchnic nerve
D)Cardiac accelerator
E)Phrenic nerve

Question 15

Which neurons would normally have the shortest axons? Select all that apply

A)Somatic motor neurons
B)Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
C)Postganglionic sympathetic neurons
D)Preganglionic sympathetic neurons
E)Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

Question 16

Autonomic tone is regulated by the

A)medulla oblongata.
B)cerebellum.
C)cerebrum.
D)vermis.
E)hypothalamus.

Question 17

A postganglionic neuron in the ANS

A)releases neurotransmitter that binds to the effector cell.
B)is the first part of an autonomic motor pathway.
C)has its cell body in the brain or spinal cord.
D)has its axons exiting the CNS through cranial nerves.
E)carries information into the sympathetic chain ganglia.

Question 18

Which parasympathetic terminal ganglion is associated with the parotid salivary gland?

A)Ciliary ganglion
B)Pterygopalatine ganglion
C)Submandibular ganglion
D)Otic ganglion
E)both otic and submandibular

Question 19

Which sympathetic ganglion supplies the stomach with postganglionic neurons?

A)Renal ganglion
B)Superior cervical ganglion
C)Celiac ganglion
D)Inferior mesenteric ganglion
E)Ciliary ganglion

Question 20

Autonomic motor neurons regulate visceral activities by
1)increasing activities in effector tissue.
2)decreasing activities in effector tissue.
3)allowing bidirectional conduction across synapses.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)1 and 2
E)1,2,and 3

Question 21

Identify which ANS motor neurons are cholinergic and describe the potential roles that these neurons perform in the ANS.Be sure to describe the location of various postsynaptic effector cells including the type of receptor that could be potentially activated by acetylcholine.

Question 22

The renal plexus contains [dropdown 1],but only the [dropdown 2] innervates the kidney.
Dropdown choices: sympathetic neurons
parasympathetic neurons
both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons

Question 23

Explain why the sympathetic division of the ANS has more widespread and longer-lasting effects than the parasympathetic division.

Question 24

Describe the possible ways in which the axon of a sympathetic preganglionic neuron connects with postganglionic neurons after it reaches the sympathetic trunk ganglia.

Question 25

Stimulation of the fibers associated with which plexus in the diagram can dramatically alter the pace and force of heart contraction?.

A)A
B)B
C)H
D)I
E)J

Question 26

In a parasympathetic division motor pathway,which neurotransmitter is released at the effector?

A)Norepinephrine
B)Acetylcholine
C)Epinephrine
D)Dopamine
E)Serotonin

Question 27

In a sympathetic division motor pathway,which neurotransmitter is released at the kidney?

A)Norepinephrine
B)Acetylcholine
C)Epinephrine
D)Dopamine
E)Serotonin

Question 28

Which neurotransmitter is released at the adrenal gland by the preganglionic neuron in the sympathetic pathway?

A)Norepinephrine
B)Acetylcholine
C)Epinephrine
D)Dopamine
E)Serotonin

Question 29

Which plexus shown in the diagram supplies the bronchial tree?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)F

Question 30

Which ganglia are associated with thoracolumbar outflow? Select all that apply.

A)paravertebral ganglia
B)prevertebral ganglia
C)intramural ganglia
D)terminal ganglia
E)postvertebral ganglia

Question 31

Which neurotransmitter is released at the autonomic ganglion by the preganglionic neuron?

A)Norepinephrine
B)Acetylcholine
C)Epinephrine
D)Dopamine
E)Serotonin

Question 32

Explain how blood flow to different tissues throughout the body changes during the fight-or-flight response.

Question 33

Which structure carries 80% of the parasympathetic outflow??

A)A
B)C
C)D
D)F
E)G

Question 34

Cholinergic neurons release ___ and adrenergic neurons release___.

A)ACh;NE
B)ACh;ACh
C)NE;ACh
D)NE;NE
E)Epinephrine;ACh

Question 35

Identify the structure labeled 2 in the diagram.

A)somatic motor neuron
B)parasympathetic preganglionic neuron
C)parasympathetic postganglionic neuron
D)sympathetic preganglionic neuron
E)sympathetic postganglionic neuron

Question 36

Compare and contrast the overall responses of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions,including specific effects at various visceral effectors.

Question 37

A doctor makes an injection of medication to relieve upper abdominal pain due to chronic pancreatitis.What area in the diagram is the nerve block targeting?

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)M
E)F

Question 38

A patient with chronic skeletal muscle spasms was placed on an anticholinergic medication.After taking the medication,the patient's muscle spasms ceased,but now the patient reports a loss of muscle strength.In addition,the patient's resting heart rate had increased.the doctor changed the medication to a lower dose and a type that specifically targets only nicotinic receptors.Explain how this could alleviate the side-effects of the first medication the patient received.

Question 39

The sympathetic system supplies the heart and lungs when preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons between ____.

A)T1-T4 trunk ganglion
B)T5-T9 trunk ganglion
C)T10-T11 trunk ganglion
D)three cervical ganglion
E)L1-L4 ganglion

Question 40

Splanchnic nerves are primarily

A)sympathetic pregagnlionic fibers
B)parasympathetic pregagnlionic fibers
C)sympathetic postgagnlionic fibers
D)parasympathetic postgagnlionic fibers

Question 41

The chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla possess what type of receptor that makes them responsive to the ACh released by preganglionic sympathetic neurons?

A)muscarinic receptors
B)nicotinic receptors
C)β₁-adrenergic
D)β₂-adrenergic
E)β₃-adrenergic

Question 42

Based on your knowledge of ANS receptors,explain how beta blockers are able to manage conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure)?

Question 43

Increased activity of [dropdown 1] decreases heart rate.Dilation of air passageways during exercise is a result of the [dropdown 2].Vasoconstriction of salivary gland arterioles is caused by the [dropdown 3].
Dropdown choices:
parasympathetic system
sympathetic system
both parasympathetic and sympathetic system

Question 44

Which of the following types of adrenergic receptors are only found in brown adipose tissue where their activation stimulates heat production?

A)α₁-adrenergic
B)α₂-adrenergic
C)β₁-adrenergic
D)β₂-adrenergic
E)β₃-adrenergic

Question 45

Which disorder is a type of neuropathy often caused by long term diabetes mellitus?

A)Raynaud's phenomenon
B)Autonomic dysreflexia
C)Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
D)Diabetic neuropathy
E)Horner's Syndrome

Question 46

One of the main differences between a somatic reflex and autonomic reflex is the type of effectors that are activated.The effectors in somatic reflexes are _____,while the effectors in autonomic reflexes are _____.

A)skeletal muscles;smooth muscle,cardiac muscle,and glands
B)striated muscles;smooth muscle and glands
C)skeletal muscles and glands;smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
D)glands;skeletal muscles,smooth muscle,and cardiac muscle
E)smooth muscle,cardiac muscle,and glands;skeletal muscles

Question 47

Which the following regions of the brain serve as the major control and integration center of the ANS?

A)cerebrum
B)cerebellulum
C)thalamus
D)hypothalamus
E)pituitary

Question 48

___ is characterized by an exaggerated response of the sympathetic division of the ANS that occurs in most individuals with spinal cord injury at or above T6.

A)Raynaud's phenomenon
B)Autonomic dysreflexia
C)Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
D)Diabetic neuropathy
E)Horner's Syndrome

Question 49

Which of the following statements describes a common response of an autonomic effector during the "fight-or-flight" response?

A)Gastric motility and secretory activity increases.
B)Blood vessels serving skeletal muscles constrict.
C)Adipose tissues stores away triglycerides for later use.
D)The pupils of the eyes dilate.
E)Blood vessels serving the kidneys and digestive organs dilate.

Question 50

If a doctor administers atropine IV,a muscarinic antagonist,followed by a high dose of ACh,you still see an increase in heart rate.Where is the ACh acting?

A)Nicotinic receptors of the postganglionic sympathetic neuron causing NE release to the heart,increasing heartrate.
B)Nicotinic receptors of the postganglionic parasympathetic neuron causing ACh release to the heart,increasing heartrate
C)Nicotinic receptors of the postganglionic parasympathetic neuron preventing ACh release to the heart,increasing heartrate
D)Muscarinic receptors of the postganglionic sympathetic neuron causing NE release to the heart,increasing heartrate.

Question 51

In order for sympathetic preganglionic axons to reach prevertebral (collateral)ganglia,they must travel through

A)White rami communicantes
B)Gray rami communicantes
C)Splanchnic nerve
D)Terminal ganglia
E)Cephalic periarterial nerves

Question 52

Thoracolumbar is another name for which division of ANS?

A)Parasympathetic nervous system
B)Sympathetic nervous system
C)Somatic nervous system
D)Peripheral nervous system
E)Central nervous system

Question 53

Where do the structures labeled 1 and 3 in the diagram meet?

A)paravertebral ganglia
B)prevertebral ganglia
C)terminal ganglia
D)trunk ganglia
E)chain ganglia

Question 54

Dilation of the pupil occurs by stimulation of [dropdown 1] and constriction of the pupil occurs by stimulation of [dropdown 2].
?₁-adrenergic
?₂-adrenergic
?₁-adrenergic
?₂-adrenergic
?₃-adrenergic
nicotinic
muscarinic

Question 55

Identify the structure labeled 3 in the diagram.

A)somatic motor neuron.
B)parasympathetic preganglionic neuron.
C)parasympathetic postganglionic neuron.
D)sympathetic preganglionic neuron.
E)sympathetic postganglionic neuron

Question 56

Which neuron is most likely to be adrenergic?

A)Sympathetic preganglionic
B)Sympathetic postganglionic
C)Parasympathetic preganglionic
D)Parasympathetic postganglionic
E)Both Sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic

Question 57

When acetylcholine binds to [dropdown 1] receptors on postganglionic neurons or chromaffin cells it is always [dropdown 2].
Dropdown 1 choices:
muscarinic receptors
nicotinic receptors
?₁-adrenergic
?₂-adrenergic
?₃-adrenergic
Dropdown 2 choices:
Inhibitory
Excitatory

Question 58

Beta blockers are used to

A)prevent a rise in heart rate.
B)prevent a drop in heart rate.
C)dilate pupils.
D)prevent sweating .
E)decrease dry eye syndrome.

Question 59

Which disorder involves the loss of sympathetic innervation to one side of the face due to inherited mutation,injury or disease?

A)Raynaud's phenomenon
B)Autonomic dysreflexia
C)Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
D)Diabetic neuropathy
E)Horner's Syndrome

Question 60

Which of the following lists the components of an autonomic reflex arc in the proper sequence of activation?

A)receptor - sensory neuron - integrating center - motor neuron - effector
B)receptor - motor neuron - integrating center - sensory neuron - effector
C)effector - sensory neuron - integrating center - motor neuron - receptor
D)integrating center - receptor - sensory neuron - motor neuron - effector
E)receptor - sensory neuron - motor neuron - effector - integrating center

Question 61

Which statements about receptors and the neurotransmitters are true?
1)Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors respond to NE
2)Adrenergic receptors respond to ACh
3)ACh binding to nicotinic receptors is excitatory
4)Adrenergic receptors are located on postganglionic neuron cell bodies
5)NE can cause an excitatory or inhibitory effect on effectors
6)Nicotine can mimic ACh

A)1,3,4,6
B)1,3,5,6
C)3,5,6
D)2,4,5
E)1,2,3,4,5,6

Question 62

To decrease urine volume,the [dropdown 1] division causes a release of [dropdown 2] to [dropdown 3] receptors causing vasoconstriction of the kidney arterioles involved in filtration.
Dropdown 1 choices:
parasympathetic
sympathetic
Dropdown 2 choices:
acetylcholine
norepinephrine
Dropdown 3 choices:
?₁-adrenergic
?₂-adrenergic
?₁-adrenergic
?₂-adrenergic
?₃-adrenergic
nicotinic
muscarinic

Question 63

To decrease heart rate,the [dropdown 1] division causes a release of [dropdown 2] to [dropdown 3] receptors.
Dropdown 1 choices:
parasympathetic
sympathetic
Dropdown 2 choices:
acetylcholine
norepinephrine
Dropdown 3 choices:
?₁-adrenergic
?₂-adrenergic
?₁-adrenergic
?₂-adrenergic
?₃-adrenergic
nicotinic
muscarinic

Question 64

You are just about to perform a clinical procedure for the first time and your palms begin to sweat.This is due to

A)increased sympathetic stimulation of sweat glands possessing alpha 1 receptors.
B)increased sympathetic stimulation of sweat glands possessing beta 2 receptors.
C)increased parasympathetic stimulation of sweat glands possessing nicotinic receptors.
D)increased parasympathetic stimulation of sweat glands possessing muscarinic receptors.
E)increased sympathetic stimulation of sweat glands possessing muscarinic receptors.