Deck 26: The Urinary System

Question 1

The portion of the kidney that extends between the renal pyramids is called the

A)renal columns
B)renal medulla
C)renal pelvis
D)calyces
E)renal papilla

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which is the correct order of blood flow through the kidneys?

A)renal artery > segmental artery > interlobular artery > peritubular capillaries > afferent arterioles
B)interlobar arteries > arcuate arteries > glomerular capillaries > arcuate veins
C)arcuate veins > arcuate arteries > glomerular capillaries > renal vein
D)renal vein > segmental arteries > interlobar arteries > efferent arterioles
E)interlobar veins > afferent arterioles > efferent arterioles > glomerular capillaries

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb which percentage of filtered water?

A)25%
B)50%
C)65%
D)80%
E)99%

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which is the correct order of filtrate flow?

A)glomerular capsule,proximal convoluted tubule (PCT),nephron loop,distal convoluted tubule (DCT),collecting duct
B)nephron loop,glomerular capsule,PCT,DCT,collecting duct
C)ascending limb of loop,PCT,DCT,collecting duct
D)collecting duct,DCT,PCT,collecting duct,glomerular capsule
E)PCT,glomerular capsule,DCT,collecting duct,nephron loop

Question 5

This is smooth dense irregular connective tissue that is continuous with the outer coat of the ureter.

A)adipose capsule
B)renal capsule
C)renal hilus
D)renal cortex
E)renal medulla

Question 6

Increased secretion of hydrogen ions would result in a(n)______________ of blood ____________?

A)increase,pressure
B)decrease,volume
C)increase,sodium levels
D)decrease,pH
E)increase,urea

Question 7

This is a nephron process that results in a substance in blood entering the already formed filtrate.

A)reabsorption
B)filtration
C)secretion
D)excretion
E)none of these choices

Question 8

This term means the return of substances into the blood stream from the filtrate.

A)reabsorption
B)filtration
C)secretion
D)excretion
E)none of these choices

Question 9

Which of the following is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys?

A)urea
B)glucose
C)insulin
D)cholesterol
E)carbon dioxide

Question 10

Which is not a major function of the kidney?

A)regulation of blood ionic composition
B)regulation of blood cell size
C)regulation of blood volume
D)regulation of blood pressure
E)regulation of blood pH

Question 11

Increased secretion of aldosterone would result in a(n)______________ of blood ____________?

A)increase,potassium
B)decrease,volume
C)increase,calcium levels
D)decrease,pH
E)increase,sodium

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a way angiotensin II affects the kidneys?

A)It increases GFR
B)It can decrease GFR
C)It enhances reabsorption of certain ions
D)It stimulates the release of aldosterone
E)None of these choices

Question 13

Urea recycling can cause a buildup of urea in the

A)renal capsule
B)nephron loop
C)ascending tubule
D)renal medulla
E)renal pelvis

Question 14

This is the formation of a new glucose molecule.

A)glycolysis
B)gluconeogenesis
C)glucosamine
D)glucose
E)calcitriol

Question 15

This is the structure of the nephron that filters blood.

A)glomerular capsule
B)nephron loop
C)ascending limb
D)collecting duct
E)renal tubule

Question 16

This layer of filtration membrane is composed of collagen fibers and proteoglycans in a glycoprotein matrix.

A)glomerular endothelial cells
B)basal lamina
C)pedicels
D)filtration slits
E)slit membrane

Question 17

Which structure of the nephron reabsorbs the most substances?

A)glomerular capsule
B)nephron loop
C)ascending limb
D)collecting duct
E)proximal convoluted tubule

Question 18

This occurs when a substance passes from the fluid in the tubular lumen through the apical membrane,across the cytosol,and then into the interstitial fluid.

A)paracellular reabsoprtion
B)transcellular reabsoprtion
C)apical reasborption
D)basolateral reabsorption
E)active transport

Question 19

An analysis of the physical,chemical,and microscopic properties of urine is called

A)urinalysis
B)filtration study
C)concentration study
D)diuretic
E)osmolarity

Question 20

This occurs when stretching triggers contraction of smooth muscle walls in afferent arterioles.

A)glomerular filtration rate
B)tubulomerular feedback
C)myogenic mechanism
D)renal autoregulation
E)capsular hydrostatic pressure

Question 21

Where is the papillary duct?

A)C
B)F
C)H
D)N
E)O

Question 22

What is line "C" pointing to?

A)Distal convoluted tubule
B)Interlobular artery
C)Efferent arteriole
D)Arcuate artery
E)Corticomedullary junction

Question 23

This transports urine from the kidney to the bladder.

A)Urethra
B)Ureter
C)Descending nephron loop
D)Renal hilus
E)None of these choices

Question 24

What two structures comprise the renal corpuscle?

A)A and B
B)C and D
C)E and F
D)K and L
E)N and O

Question 25

Each kidney can have anywhere from 8 to 18 of these.

A)I
B)J
C)K
D)L
E)H

Question 26

This is composed of dense irregular tissue that runs continuous with the ureter.

A)A
B)B
C)C

Question 27

Where is the corticomedullary junction?

A)G
B)J
C)M
D)N
E)O

Question 28

This is a test to measure kidney function.

A)Plasma creatinine
B)Renal study
C)Kidney assay
D)Dialysis
E)Hilus study

Question 29

This structure is the apex of a renal pyramid.

A)E
B)D
C)G
D)K
E)L

Question 30

This lies in the anterior corner of the trigone of the bladder.

A)Urethral sphincter
B)Adventitia bundle
C)Ureter
D)Internal urethral orifice
E)Muscularis bundle

Question 31

This layer's main function is to protect the kidney from trauma and hold it in place within the abdominal cavity.

A)A
B)B
C)C

Question 32

What does line "M" point to?

A)Arcuate artery
B)Arcuate vein
C)Collecting duct
D)Descending loop
E)Efferent arteriole

Question 33

Urine formed by the nephrons first drains into these.

A)H
B)I
C)J
D)K
E)L

Question 34

Where is the ascending limb of the nephron loop?

A)C
B)D
C)J
D)K
E)L

Question 35

Where is the arcuate vein?

A)E
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 36

This layer runs deep to the peritoneum on the anterior surface of the kidneys.

A)A
B)B
C)C

Question 37

This layer of the ureter is composed of connective tissue,collagen and elastic fibers.

A)Mucosa
B)Transitional epithelium
C)Lamina propria
D)Adventitia
E)Lamina elastica

Question 38

Water accounts for which percentage of the total volume of urine?

A)25%
B)50%
C)75%
D)80%
E)95%

Question 39

This can be divided into the cortical zone and the juxtamedullary zone.

A)A
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 40

Where is the distal convoluted tubule?

A)D
B)E
C)J
D)K
E)L

Question 41

Fluid flowing from point N in the figure will go to which structure next?

A)G
B)H
C)C
D)B
E)K

Question 42

What is line "B" pointing to?

A)Fenestration
B)Pedicel
C)Filtration slit
D)Basal lamina
E)Lumen of the glomerulus

Question 43

Which vessel(s)in the diagram are the vasa recta?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)M
E)L

Question 44

Fluid flowing from point B in the figure will go to which of the following structures?

A)J
B)M
C)I
D)G
E)H

Question 45

What is line "D" pointing to?

A)Fenestration
B)Pedicel
C)Filtration slit
D)Basal lamina
E)Lumen of the glomerulus

Question 46

Describe the flow of blood through the kidneys.

Question 47

What is line "A" pointing to?

A)Fenestration
B)Pedicel
C)Filtration slit
D)Basal lamina
E)Lumen of the glomerulus

Question 48

Fluid flowing from point H in the figure will go to which structure next?

A)L
B)B
C)I
D)G
E)N

Question 49

Trace the flow of a water molecule through the nephrons from the afferent arteriole to the minor calyx.

Question 50

Fluid flowing from point G in the figure will go to which structure next?

A)N
B)H
C)I
D)M
E)K

Question 51

Which vessel in the diagram is the arcuate artery?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)L

Question 52

Describe the structural features of the renal corpuscle that enhance its blood filtering capacity.

Question 53

What is line "C" pointing to?

A)Fenestration
B)Pedicel
C)Filtration slit
D)Basal lamina
E)Lumen of the glomerulus

Question 54

Which vessel(s)in the diagram are the peritubular capillaries?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)M
E)L

Question 55

An increase in permeability of the filtration membrane due to disease,injury,or irritation of kidney cells by substances such as bacterial toxins,ether,or heavy metals indicates which condition?

A)albuminuria
B)lucosuria
C)robilinogenuria
D)ketonuria
E)bilirubinuria

Question 56

Which vessel in the diagram is the afferent arteriole?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)L

Question 57

Which vessel in the diagram is the interlobular vein?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)L

Question 58

Describe in detail how the renin angiotensin negative feedback loop helps regulate blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate in response to dehydration.

Question 59

Discuss the importance of countercurrent flow to the functioning of the nephron.

Question 60

Which vessel in the diagram is the interlobular artery?

A)D
B)E
C)F
D)L

Question 61

Excessive urine concentration of a normal breakdown product of hemoglobin,caused by pernicious anemia,infectious hepatitis,jaundice or cirrhosis,indicates which condition?

A)albuminuria
B)glucosuria
C)urobilinogenuria
D)hematuria
E)bilirubinuria

Question 62

This substance gives bile its major pigmentation:

A)ketone bodies
B)erythrocytes
C)casts
D)bilirubin
E)glucose

Question 63

Anorexia,starvation,or a diet too low in carbohydrates indicates which condition?

A)albuminuria
B)glucosuria
C)urobilinogenuria
D)ketonuria
E)bilirubinuria

Question 64

These are tiny masses of material,hardened in the lumen of the urinary tubule and are flushed out when filtrate builds up behind them:

A)ketone bodies
B)erythrocytes
C)casts
D)microbes
E)urobilinogen

Question 65

Which is the normal pH range of urine in humans?

A)8)1 - 10.6
B)4)6 - 8.0
C)1)0 - 3.0
D)3)1 - 4.0
E)10.0 - 12.0

Question 66

Parasympathetic division of ANS regulates kidney functions.

Question 67

This hormone is released when the blood volume increases.

A)Parathyroid Hormone
B)Renin
C)ADH
D)Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
E)Aldosterone

Question 68

Consumption of salty food will cause an increase in this hormone.

A)Aldosterone
B)Renin
C)ANH
D)Angiotensin-II
E)ADH

Question 69

What is the normal specific gravity range of urine in humans?

A)2)350 - 3.700
B)0)002 - 1.000
C)4)6 - 8.0
D)1)001 - 1.035
E)1)04 - 2.60

Question 70

Candida albicans and E.coli are which type of abnormal constituent of urine:

A)ketone bodies
B)erythrocytes
C)casts
D)microbes
E)urobilinogen

Question 71

Stress,causing excessive amounts of epinephrine secretion which stimulates glycogen breakdown,indicates which condition? This condition can also indicate diabetes mellitus.

A)albuminuria
B)glucosuria
C)urobilinogenuria
D)hematuria
E)bilirubinuria

Question 72

Absence of angiotensin converting enzyme will lead to

A)decreased blood pressure
B)increased blood pressure
C)will not have any effect on blood pressure
D)All of these choices are correct.
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 73

What is the normal volume of urine produced in humans?

A)1L / hr
B)2L / day
C)2L / hr
D)3L / week
E)10L / 24 hours