Deck 8: Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

Which immunoglobulin is present in blood,saliva,breast milk,and respiratory secretions?

A) IgA
B) IgE
C) IgG
D) IgM

Answer 1

IgA

Question 2

The portion of the antigen that is configured for recognition and binding is referred to as what type of determinant?

A) Immunotope
B) Paratope
C) Epitope
D) Antigenitope

Answer 2

Epitope

Question 3

An individual is more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes when he or she has a seriously low level of which immunoglobulin antibody?

A) IgG
B) IgM
C) IgA
D) IgE

Answer 3

IgA

Question 4

Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when considering the antigen?

A) Size
B) Foreignness
C) Complexity
D) Quantity

Question 5

Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response?

A) The immune response is similar each time it is activated.
B) The immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it.
C) The response to a specific pathogen is short term.
D) The response is innate, rather than acquired.

Question 6

What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta?

A) Passive-acquired immunity
B) Active-acquired immunity
C) Passive-innate immunity
D) Active-innate immunity

Question 7

Which antibody initially indicates a typical primary immune response?

A) IgG
B) IgM
C) IgA
D) IgE

Question 8

Where are antibodies produced?

A) Helper T lymphocytes
B) Thymus gland
C) Plasma cells
D) Bone marrow

Question 9

Which cytokine is needed for the maturation of a functional helper T cell?

A) IL-1
B) IL-2
C) IL-4
D) IL-12

Question 10

In which structure does B lymphocytes mature and undergo changes that commit them to becoming B cells?

A) Thymus gland
B) Regional lymph nodes
C) Bone marrow
D) Spleen

Question 11

Th2 cells produce IL-4 and suppress which cells?

A) B lymphocytes
B) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
C) Th1 cells
D) Memory T lymphocytes

Question 12

The generation of clonal diversity includes a process that:

A) Involves antigens that select those lymphocytes with compatible receptors.
B) Allows the differentiation of cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells or mature T cells.
C) Takes place in the primary (central) lymphoid organs.
D) Causes antigens to expand and diversify their populations.

Question 13

What is the term for the process during which lymphoid stem cells migrate and change into either immunocompetent T cells or immunocompetent B cells?

A) Clonal diversity
B) Clonal differentiation
C) Clonal selection
D) Clonal competence

Question 14

The generation of clonal diversity occurs primarily during which phase of life?

A) Fetal
B) Neonatal
C) Infancy
D) Puberty

Question 15

Which statement is true concerning clonal selection?

A) Clonal selection is driven by hormones and does not require foreign antigens.
B) This theory involves antigens that select those lymphocytes with compatible receptors.
C) Clonal selection takes place in the primary (central) lymphoid organs.
D) This process generates immature but immunocompetent T and B cells with receptors.

Question 16

The functions of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)and CD1 molecules are alike because both:

A) Are antigen-presenting molecules.
B) Bind antigens to antibodies.
C) Secrete interleukins during the immune process.
D) Are capable of activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Question 17

Which is an example of an endogenous antigen?

A) Yeast
B) Cancer cells
C) Bacteria
D) Fungus

Question 18

When antigens are administered to produce immunity,why are different routes of administration considered?

A) Different routes allow the speed of onset of the antigen to be varied, with the intravenous route being the fastest.
B) Some individuals appear to be unable to respond to an antigen by a specific route, thus requiring the availability of different routes for the same antigen.
C) Antigen-presenting cells are highly specialized and thus require stimulation by different routes.
D) Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte-containing tissue, resulting in different types of cellular and humoral immunity.

Question 19

Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen?

A) Passive-acquired immunity
B) Active-acquired immunity
C) Passive-innate immunity
D) Active-innate immunity

Question 20

The B-cell receptor (BCR)complex functions uniquely by:

A) Communicating information about the antigen to the helper T cell
B) Secreting chemical signals to communicate between cells
C) Recognizing the antigen on the surface of the B lymphocyte
D) Communicating information about the antigen to the cell nucleus

Question 21

Why is the herpes virus inaccessible to antibodies after the initial infection?

A) The virus does not circulate in the blood.
B) It does not have antibody receptors.
C) It resists agglutination.
D) The virus is a soluble antigen.

Question 22

When a person is exposed to most antigens,antibodies can be usually detected in his or her circulation within:

A) 12 hours
B) 24 hours
C) 3 days
D) 6 days

Question 23

Which T cell controls or limits the immune response to protect the host's own tissues against an autoimmune response?

A) Cytotoxic T cells
B) Th1 cells
C) Th2 cells
D) Regulatory T (Treg) cells

Question 24

Which cell has the ability to recognize antigens presented by the MHC class I molecules?

A) T cytotoxic
B) CD 4
C) CD 8
D) T helper

Question 25

Increased age may cause which change in lymphocyte function?

A) Increased production of antibodies against self-antigens
B) Decreased number of circulating T cells
C) Decreased production of autoantibodies
D) Increased production of helper T cells

Question 26

How does the aging process of the T-cell activity affect older adults?

A) Poor heat regulation abilities
B) Increased risk for bone fractures
C) Tendency to develop various infections
D) Likelihood of experiencing benign skin lesions

Question 27

Which statements are true concerning the humoral immune response? (Select all that apply.)

A) The humoral immune response is divided into major and minor phases.
B) The response has IgG and IgM produced during each of its phrases.
C) It has a greater presence of IgG than IgM in one of its phases.
D) The humoral immune response is produced in reaction to the presence of an antigen.
E) Phases differ in their response time as a result of the effect of memory cells.

Question 28

Evaluation of umbilical cord blood can confirm that which immunoglobulin level is near adult levels?

A) IgA
B) IgG
C) IgM
D) IgE

Question 29

Which statement is believed to be true concerning Th1 cells?

A) Th1 cells are induced by antigens derived from allergens.
B) They are induced by antigens derived from cancer cells.
C) Th1 cells produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-13.
D) They assist in the development of humoral immunity.

Question 30

Cytokines are vital to a cell's ability to do which function?

A) Excrete
B) Reproduce
C) Metabolize
D) Communicate

Question 31

What are the necessary components of an adaptive immune response? (Select all that apply.)

A) Antigen
B) Gamma IgG
C) Lymphocyte surface receptors
D) Crystalline fragment
E) Antibody

Question 32

CD4 is a characteristic surface marker and a result of which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Activity in the primary lymphoid organs
B) Process of cellular differentiation
C) Alterations to T cells
D) Changes to B cells
E) Clonal selection

Question 33

Which statement is true regarding maternal antibodies provided to the neonate?

A) The antibodies enter into the fetal circulation by means of active transport.
B) The antibodies are transferred to the fetus via the lymphatic system.
C) The antibodies are directly related to the mother's nutritional intake.
D) The antibodies reach protective levels after approximately 6 months of age.

Question 34

Antibodies that are associated with mucosal immune system,such as immunoglobulins,function to prevent which type of infections?

A) Infections that attack the respiratory system
B) Infections that tend to be chronic in nature
C) Infections likely to be resistant to antibiotics
D) Infections that focus on epithelial surfaces of the body

Question 35

Which is an example of a bacterial toxin that has been inactivated but still retains its immunogenicity to protect the person? (Select all that apply.)

A) Poliomyelitis
B) Measles
C) Tetanus
D) Gonorrhea
E) Diphtheria

Question 36

How do antibodies protect the host from bacterial toxins?

A) Lysing the cell membrane of the toxins
B) Binding to the toxins to neutralize their biologic effects
C) Inhibiting the synthesis of DNA proteins needed for growth
D) Interfering with the DNA enzyme needed for replication

Question 37

Vaccinations are able to provide protection against certain microorganisms because of the:

A) Strong response from IgM
B) Level of protection provided by IgG
C) Memory cells for IgE
D) Rapid response from IgA

Question 38

Which statement is true concerning the IgM?

A) IgM is the first antibody produced during the initial response to an antigen.
B) IgM mediates many common allergic responses.
C) IgM is the most abundant class of immunoglobulins.
D) IgM is capable of crossing the human placenta.

Question 39

Which cell has a role in developing cell-mediated immunity?

A) Th1
B) CD4
C) CD8
D) Th2

Question 40

Which statement is believed to be true concerning Th2 cells?

A) Th2 cells are induced by antigens derived from allergens.
B) They are induced by antigens derived from cancer cells.
C) Th2 cells produce IL-2, TNF-ß, and IFN- .
D) They assist in the development of cell-mediated immunity.

Question 41

Match each immunoglobulin with its characteristic or function.Each immunoglobulin can be used only once.
Mediates many common allergic responses

A)IgA
B)IgE
C)IgG

Question 42

Match each immunoglobulin with its characteristic or function.Each immunoglobulin can be used only once.
Is predominantly found in the blood and body secretions.

A)IgA
B)IgE
C)IgG

Question 43

Match each immunoglobulin with its characteristic or function.Each immunoglobulin can be used only once.
Crosses the placenta.

A)IgA
B)IgE
C)IgG