Deck 6: The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue

Question 1

What is another name for the shaft of a long bone?

A)diaphysis
B)epiphysis
C)metaphysis
D)periosteum
E)marrow

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What are bone-dissolving cells called?

A)osteogenic cells
B)osteoclasts
C)osteocytes
D)osteoblasts
E)all of these choices

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the skeletal system?

A)communication
B)support
C)protection
D)mineral homeostasis
E)blood cell production

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following activities has the greatest effect on bone remodeling and bone deposition?

A)walking
B)sleeping
C)running.
D)jumping.
E)both c and d

Question 5

Which of the following are considered to be bone-building cells?

A)fibroblasts
B)osteoclasts
C)osteocytes
D)osteoblasts

Question 6

Which of the following structures contain osteocytes?

A)central (Haversian)canals
B)perforating (Volkmann's)canals
C)concentric lamellae
D)lacunae
E)canaliculi

Question 7

What is the region of long bone found between the diaphysis and the epiphysis called?

A)epiphyseal plate
B)epiphyseal line
C)metaphysis
D)diaphyseal line
E)diaphyseal plate

Question 8

Briefly describe the steps in bone resorption.

Question 9

Which layer of hyaline cartilage allows the diaphysis to grow in length?

A)periosteum
B)distal epiphysis
C)nutrient foramen
D)articular cartilage
E)epiphyseal plate

Question 10

Which of the following two minerals are needed in large quantities when bones are growing?

A)calcium and chlorine
B)magnesium and sulfur
C)calcium and phosphorous
D)manganese and sulfur
E)potassium and phosphorous

Question 11

During adulthood,which of the following does NOT significantly contribute to bone remodeling and growth?

A)parathyroid hormones
B)vitamin D
C)epinephrine
D)sex steroids
E)human growth hormone

Question 12

Which of the following correctly lists the order of the four zones of cartilage found within the growth plate starting at the epiphysis and extending to the diaphysis?

A)calcified cartilage,resting cartilage,proliferating cartilage,hypertrophic cartilage
B)resting cartilage,proliferating cartilage,calcified cartilage,hypertrophic cartilage
C)proliferating cartilage,resting cartilage,hypertrophic cartilage,calcified cartilage
D)resting cartilage,proliferating cartilage,hypertrophic cartilage,calcified cartilage
E)hypertrophic cartilage,calcified cartilage,proliferating cartilage,resting cartilage

Question 13

Which region of a long bone articulates with other bones?

A)diaphysis
B)epiphysis
C)metaphysis
D)periosteum
E)marrow

Question 14

What are the extracellular fluid filled extensions of the lacunae called?

A)perforating (Volkmann's)canals
B)central (Haversian)canals
C)osteons
D)canaliculi
E)periosteum

Question 15

Briefly describe the steps in bone deposition.

Question 16

Which a layer of hyaline cartilage reduces friction between bones involved in a joint?

A)periosteum
B)distal epiphysis
C)nutrient foramen
D)articular cartilage
E)epiphyseal plate

Question 17

What is the fibrous covering on the surface of bone that is involved in thickening of the bone called?

A)periosteum
B)endosteum
C)marrow
D)epiphysis
E)metaphysis

Question 18

Which of the following statements about bone remodeling is FALSE?

A)It occurs throughout your lifetime.
B)It involves bone resorption.
C)It involves bone deposition.
D)It occurs at different rates at different locations.
E)It occurs at a faster rate in compact bone than spongy bone.

Question 19

How are osteons in compact bone tissue aligned?

A)horizontal to the metaphysis.
B)parallel to the epiphysis.
C)parallel to the length of the diaphysis.
D)randomly between the epiphyseal plates.
E)parallel to the perforating canals.

Question 20

Which of following selections lists bone cells in the order from unspecialized stem cell to highly specialized mature bone cell?

A)osteogenic cells,osteoclasts,osteocytes
B)osteogenic cells,osteoblasts,osteocytes
C)osteogenic cells,osteocytes,osteoblasts
D)osteoblasts,osteogenic cells,osteocytes
E)None of these choices.

Question 21

Which of the following hormones is the most important for Ca²⁺ regulation?

A)parathyroid hormone
B)calcitriol
C)thyroid hormone
D)calcitonin
E)aldosterone

Question 22

In which region of the diagram would you find the medullary cavity?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 23

An archeologist and an anthropologist are studying two skeletons from an ancient tomb that had apparently been looted in an earlier time.Both skeletons are females and both are approximately the same height.However,the anthropologist is absolutely certain that one skeleton is the remains of someone from the privileged class while the other skeleton is the remains of a servant or slave.
How could the anthropologist be so sure of the economic status of the individuals based solely on their skeletal remains?

Question 24

Which bone cell in the diagram below is an osteogenic cell?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 25

Where in the diagram is the metaphysis?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 26

In the diagram,where is the central (Haversian)canal?

A)C
B)A
C)E
D)F
E)D

Question 27

Which type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is only seen in children?

A)open
B)comminuted
C)impacted
D)greenstick
E)stress

Question 28

What type of bone cell starts forming the bone matrix?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 29

Briefly describe the processes by which bone increases in length and diameter.

Question 30

Bone mass reduction is promoted by which hormone?

A)calcitriol
B)calcitonin
C)human growth hormone
D)parathyroid hormone
E)insulin

Question 31

An increase in bone growth is promoted by which hormones?

A)calcitriol and parathyroid hormone
B)calcitonin and calcitriol
C)human growth hormone and parathyroid hormone
D)parathyroid hormone and insulin
E)All of the other selections are correct.

Question 32

What structure in the diagram is the only place on a long bone NOT covered by the periosteum?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 33

Where in the diagram can you find red bone marrow in an adult?

A)D
B)A and B
C)A and C
D)C
E)E

Question 34

Which bone cell in the diagram below is an osteoclast?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 35

About 25% of all stress fractures involve which bone?

A)rib
B)clavicle
C)humerus
D)ulna
E)tibia

Question 36

Which bone cell in the diagram below is a mature bone cell that helps maintain bone tissue?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 37

In the diagram,where is the osteon?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 38

Describe the steps in bone repair.

Question 39

Describe the signs and symptoms of osteoporosis and describe the risk factors for developing osteoporosis.

Question 40

Patient X has a tumor of the parathyroid glands that causes a hypersecretion of PTH from these glands.Predict the effect this hypersecretion would have on the skeletal system and on the secretion of calcitonin from the thyroid gland.

Question 41

Which of the following labeled structures in the diagram are concentric lamellae?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)G

Question 42

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is formed as the result of cartilage being replaced by bone after the cessation of bone growth?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 43

Where in the figure is the periosteum located?

A)A
B)C
C)D
D)E
E)G

Question 44

Briefly describe what is happening in each of the numbered stages of intramembranous ossification as observed in a child's skull shown in the diagram below.

Question 45

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram are fragments of older osteons that have been partially destroyed during bone rebuilding or growth?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 46

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram are circumferential lamellae?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)G

Question 47

Briefly describe what is happening in each step of fracture repair shown in the diagram.

Question 48

In the diagram,where is the epiphyseal vein?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 49

In the diagram,where is the trabeculae?

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)E
E)F

Question 50

In the diagram,where is the nutrient artery?

A)D
B)E
C)F
D)G
E)H

Question 51

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram are composed of trabeculae,which are bony structures that lack osteons?

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)F
E)G

Question 52

Where in the figure is spongy bone located?

A)A
B)B
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 53

Where in the diagram is the proximal epiphysis?

A)A
B)B
C)D
D)E
E)G

Question 54

Which of the following labeled structures in the diagram is a site of red blood cell production in adult bones?

A)A
B)B
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 55

In the diagram,where is the zone of hypertrophic cartilage?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 56

Which of the following labeled structures in the diagram stores triglycerides in adult bones?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)F
E)G

Question 57

Which labeled structures in the figure are lamellae?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 58

Where in the diagram is the endosteum located?

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)E
E)F

Question 59

In the diagram,where is the zone of resting cartilage?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 60

Where in the diagram is articular cartilage located?

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)E
E)G

Question 61

Which labeled structures in the figure are canaliculi?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 62

During endochondral ossification in a fetus,bones initially develop as a cartilage model surrounded by a connective tissue covering called the

A)periosteum.
B)endosteum.
C)perichondrium.
D)perimysium.
E)trabeculae.

Question 63

Hypersecretion of human growth hormone during childhood results in

A)giantism.
B)acromegaly.
C)dwarfism.
D)rickets.
E)no apparent effect.

Question 64

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in the repair of a bone fracture?

A)fracture hematoma,bony callus formation,fibrocartilaginous callus formation,bone remodeling
B)fibrocartilaginous callus formation,bony callus formation,fracture hematoma,bone remodeling
C)bony callus formation,fracture hematoma,fibrocartilaginous callus formation,bone remodeling
D)bone remodeling,fracture hematoma,fibrocartilaginous callus formation,bony callus formation
E)fracture hematoma,fibrocartilaginous callus formation,bony callus formation,bone remodeling

Question 65

Which of the following conditions results when the articular cartilages in a joint degenerate to the point where the bony ends of articulating bones touch?

A)osteogenic sarcoma
B)rickets
C)osteomalacia
D)osteoarthritis
E)osteopenia

Question 66

Briefly,explain how blood calcium level is regulated.

Question 67

Like other _____,bone tissue contains an abundant extracellular matrix that surrounds widely separated cells.

A)epithelial tissues
B)muscular tissues
C)nervous tissues
D)connective tissues
E)facial tissues

Question 68

List and briefly describe the six main functions of the skeletal system.

Question 69

Briefly describe the major differences between compact and spongy bone.

Question 70

Which labeled structure in the figure is an osteocyte?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 71

Which of the following hormones are more important post-puberty for bone growth?

A)insulinlike growth factors
B)thyroid hormones
C)human growth hormone
D)insulin
E)sex hormones

Question 72

Which of the following selections correctly lists the sequence of events that occur during intramembranous ossification?

A)Ossification center develops > Calcification > Formation of trabeculae > Development of new periosteum.
B)Calcification > Ossification center develops > Formation of trabeculae > Development of new periosteum.
C)Ossification center develops > Formation of trabeculae > Calcification > Development of new periosteum.
D)Development of new periosteum > Ossification center develops > Calcification > Formation of trabeculae.
E)Ossification center develops > Calcification > Development of new periosteum > Formation of trabeculae.

Question 73

Which illustration and radiograph in the figure shows a Pott's fracture?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 74

Which of the following substances are stored in the structure of adult bones for use by other tissues in the body?

A)calcium
B)phosphorous
C)triglycerides
D)iron
E)More than one of these substances is stored in bone.

Question 75

Calcium is involved in all of the following important body functions EXCEPT

A)blood clotting.
B)nervous system communication.
C)muscle contraction.
D)acting as a cofactor in some enzymatic reactions.
E)being the primary cation that regulates osmotic balance in cells.