Deck 10: Muscle Tissue

Question 1

Which of the following functions as a motor protein in all three types of muscle tissue?

A)actin
B)myosin
C)troponin
D)titin
E)tropomyosin

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The contractile organelles of a skeletal muscle fiber are thread-like structures called

A)myofibrils.
B)myoglobin.
C)mitochondria.
D)Z discs.
E)M lines.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Myofibrils contain

A)contractile proteins.
B)regulatory proteins.
C)structural proteins.
D)all of these answers are correct.
E)none of these answers are correct.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following regions of a sarcomere contain thin filaments?

A)I band
B)A band
C)H zone
D)Both I band and A band.
E)All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 5

Which of the following proteins is used to reinforce the sarcolemma and to help transmit the tension generated by the sarcomeres to the tendons?

A)troponin
B)tropomyosin
C)myosin
D)actin
E)dystrophin

Question 6

In an isometric contraction the muscle develops tension but does not

A)lengthen.
B)widen.
C)does not expend energy.
D)conduct electrical current.
E)exhibit elasticity.

Question 7

After the fusion of myoblasts,the muscle fiber loses its ability to do what?

A)grow
B)lengthen
C)contract
D)go through cell division.
E)all of the answer choices

Question 8

Which of the regions of a sarcomere contain titin?

A)the A band only
B)the H zone only
C)the zone of overlap only
D)from M line to Z disc
E)the I band only

Question 9

Which property of muscle gives it the ability to stretch without damage?

A)electrical excitability
B)contractility
C)extensibility
D)elasticity
E)thermogenesis

Question 10

Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of structures that action potentials must move through to excite skeletal muscle contraction?

A)sarcolemma,axon of neuron,T tubules
B)T tubules,sarcolemma,myofilament
C)muscle fiber,axon of neuron,myofibrils
D)axon of neuron,sarcolemma,T tubules
E)myofibrils,myofilaments,mitochondria

Question 11

The different types of muscle tissue differ from each other by

A)microscopic anatomy.
B)location.
C)type of Control.
D)both microscopic anatomy and location.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 12

What type of tendon is formed when the connective tissue elements of a skeletal muscle extend as a broad flat layer?

A)perimysium
B)deep fascia
C)fascicle
D)aponeurosis
E)endomysium

Question 13

Release of calcium from these structures triggers skeletal muscle contraction.

A)myofibrils
B)mitochondria
C)terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum
D)T-tubules
E)none of the answer choices

Question 14

Which of the following regions of the sarcomere contain thick filaments?

A)zone of overlap
B)A band
C)H zone
D)both A band and H zone
E)All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 15

What regulatory proteins can be found in the thin filaments of skeletal muscle fibers?

A)troponin and titin
B)tropomyosin and troponin
C)myosin and titin
D)titin and tropomyosin
E)tropomyosin and myosin

Question 16

During muscle contraction by the sliding filament mechanism,thin filaments are pulled towards the

A)Z disc.
B)H zone.
C)M line.
D)A band.
E)I band.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a major function of muscle tissue?

A)moving blood throughout the body
B)generating heat through contractions
C)stabilizing the movement of joints
D)promoting movement of body structures
E)production of vitamins.

Question 18

Compare and contrast the structural characteristics of the three different types of muscular tissue.

Question 19

Which of the following describe the regeneration capacity of cardiac muscle cells?

A)limited,via satellite cells
B)limited,under certain conditions
C)considerable (compared with other muscle cells,but limited compared with epithelium),via pericytes
D)all of these are correct
E)none of these are correct

Question 20

This is the outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle.

A)tendon
B)ligament
C)endomysium
D)epimysium
E)perimysium

Question 21

In skeletal muscles,the combined amounts of creatine phosphate and ATP provide enough energy for the muscle to contract maximally for approximately

A)15 seconds.
B)15 minutes.
C)1)5 minutes.
D)5 seconds.
E)one minute.

Question 22

Which of the following microscopic structures is only found in the cardiac muscle tissue?

A)myosin
B)tropomyosin
C)sarcomeres
D)intercalated discs
E)striations

Question 23

Increasing the number of active motor units within a skeletal muscle is called

A)wave summation.
B)fused tetanus.
C)motor unit recruitment.
D)muscle tone.
E)flaccidity.

Question 24

In the diagram,a tendon is formed by the merging of the following structures

A)C,D,and H
B)D and E
C)H and C
D)C and D
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 25

Which of the labeled structures on the diagram holds muscles with similar functions together,allows free movement of muscles,carries nerves,blood vessels and lymphatic vessels,and fills spaces between muscles?

A)A
B)B
C)E
D)G
E)H

Question 26

To stimulate skeletal muscle contraction,acetylcholine must cross the _____ of the neuromuscular junction and bind to receptors on the motor endplate.

A)node of Ranvier
B)synaptic cleft
C)sarcolemma
D)synaptic end bulb
E)transverse tubule

Question 27

What energizes the myosin head?

A)the actin filaments
B)calcium ions
C)potassium ions
D)ATP hydrolysis reaction
E)ADP synthesis

Question 28

Which of the following structures are made of dense regular connective tissue?

A)F
B)A
C)I
D)Both F and I
E)All of these choices.

Question 29

Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol

A)at the beginning of a contraction.
B)in response to acetylcholine binding to Ca²⁺ release channels.
C)by active transport using Ca²⁺ pumps in the SR membrane.
D)after the contraction ends.
E)All of these answers are correct.

Question 30

Smooth muscle tone is maintained by the prolonged presence of _____ in the muscle cell's cytosol?

A)ATP
B)calcium ions
C)phosphate ions
D)myoglobin
E)None of these choices.

Question 31

This is the least powerful type of skeletal muscle fiber.

A)slow oxidative fiber
B)fast oxidative fiber
C)fast glycolytic fiber
D)slow glycolytic fiber
E)None of these choices.

Question 32

Which of the following are commonly used to produce ATP during skeletal muscle contraction?

A)creatine phosphate
B)anaerobic cellular respiration
C)aerobic cellular respiration
D)All of these choices are correct.
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 33

On the diagram,where is the outer most layer of connective tissue encircling the entire muscle

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 34

Which of the following consists of a somatic motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates?

A)sarcomere
B)motor unit
C)neuromuscular junction
D)muscle unit
E)multi-unit smooth muscle

Question 35

A brief contraction of all muscle fibers in a motor unit in response to a single action potential moving down the somatic motor neuron is known as

A)isometric contraction.
B)isotonic contraction.
C)tetany.
D)refractory period.
E)twitch contraction.

Question 36

Which of the following types of muscle tissue contract when excited by their own autorhythmic muscle fibers?

A)cardiac muscle
B)slow twitch oxidative skeletal muscle
C)multi-unit smooth muscle
D)fast twitch glycolytic skeletal muscle
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 37

In the diagram,the neurotransmitter,acetylcholine,is released from this area.

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)G
E)H

Question 38

Which of the following is referred to as the period of lost excitability in skeletal muscle fibers?

A)refractory period
B)contraction period
C)latent period
D)relaxation period
E)wave summation

Question 39

Describe the factors that lead to muscle fatigue.

Question 40

Skeletal muscle contraction will continue to occur as long as the following chemicals are available in the cytosol of the muscle fiber.

A)ATP and acetylcholine (ACh)
B)calcium ions and ATP
C)ACh and potassium ions
D)sodium ions and ATP
E)calcium and ACh

Question 41

How does a nerve impulse elicit a muscle action potential?

Question 42

In the diagram,individual muscle fibers are covered by this layer.

A)K
B)I
C)L
D)M
E)A

Question 43

In the diagram,what is the basic functional unit of a myofibril?

A)B
B)C
C)F
D)Both B and C
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 44

What is the major difference between the two types of smooth muscle tissue?

Question 45

Which area of the myogram shows sustained contraction with partial relaxation?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)none of these choices

Question 46

In the diagram,where is the axon terminal?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 47

In the diagram,where is the I band?

A)G
B)H
C)I
D)J
E)D

Question 48

In embryonic muscle development,what happens to the somites?

Question 49

List the four steps of the contraction cycle in order of occurrence.What is needed for these steps to continuously repeat?

Question 50

Which figure exhibits isometric contraction of the biceps brachii muscle?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)none of these choices

Question 51

In the diagram,where would you find stored Ca²⁺?

A)B
B)D
C)G
D)F
E)K

Question 52

In the diagram,which labeled structure contains motor proteins that convert the energy in ATP into mechanical movements?

A)C
B)A
C)E
D)D
E)None of these are correct.

Question 53

In the diagram,which structure(s)moves towards the center of the sarcomere (closer together)when the fiber contracts?

A)A
B)D
C)J
D)Both A and D.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 54

What is being shown by the axis labeled E?

A)time
B)tetanus
C)force of contraction
D)twitch factor
E)wave summation

Question 55

Which area of the myogram shows a sustained contraction where individual twitches are indiscernible?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)none of these choices

Question 56

In the diagram,where are thick filaments found?

A)C
B)E
C)A
D)B
E)All of these choices

Question 57

Which portion of this myogram shows a single twitch of the muscle?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)none of these choices

Question 58

Which of the following disorders is characterized by the wasting away of muscles due to the progressive loss of myofibrils?

A)muscular hypertrophy
B)muscular atrophy
C)fibromyalgia
D)myasthenia gravis
E)tremors

Question 59

In the diagram,which structure helps return a stretched sarcomere to its resting length?

A)B
B)C
C)E
D)Both B and C
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 60

What are the three ways that ATP can be produced in muscle fibers?

Question 61

Which is a NOT a side-effect of anabolic steroid use by male athletes?

A)sterility
B)baldness
C)diminished testosterone secretion
D)deepening of the voice
E)atrophy of testes

Question 62

Which of the following types of muscle tissue is capable of undergoing the stress-relaxation response when they are stretched?

A)cardiac muscle fibers
B)fast glycolytic fibers
C)fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers
D)slow oxidative fibers
E)single-unit smooth muscle fibers

Question 63

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe aerobic cellular respiration in skeletal muscles?

A)Pyruvic acid generated by glycolysis enters the mitochondria.
B)O2 is essential.
C)CO2 is produced as a waste product.
D)Lactic acid is continually produced.
E)Can be used to generate ATP from fats,proteins or carbohydrates.

Question 64

)Cross bridges are formed during muscle contraction when _____ on the thick filaments binds to _____ on the thin filaments.

A)myosin;troponin
B)myosin;troponin
C)myosin;actin
D)actin;myosin
E)actin;tropomyosin

Question 65

Which figure exhibits a contraction of the biceps brachii muscle in which its length increases?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)none of these choices

Question 66

During which period of a twitch contraction does the muscle action potential move along the sarcolemma of the muscle cell and trigger calcium release into the sarcoplasm?

A)latent period
B)contraction period
C)relaxation period
D)absolute refractory period
E)relative refractory period

Question 67

Which of the following is a common effect of aging on skeletal muscle?

A)loss of muscle mass
B)decrease in maximal strength
C)a slowing of muscle reflexes
D)loss of flexibility
E)all of these are correct

Question 68

Discuss the steps involved in contraction of smooth muscle and explain why smooth muscle has a slower contraction cycle.

Question 69

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder that targets the ACh receptors at the NMJ and ultimately reduces the number of available receptors.Predict what happens if you treat the patient with a drug that inhibits the activity of acetylcholinesterase?

A)prevent contraction
B)weak contraction
C)normal contraction
D)cause spasm
E)none of these choices

Question 70

In a neuromuscular junction,the effect of acetylcholine (ACh)binding to receptors on the motor end plate lasts only briefly due to

A)rapid uptake of the ACh into the myofiber.
B)endocytosis of the ACh receptor into the myofiber.
C)rapid destruction of ACh in the synaptic cleft by acetylcholinesterase.
D)rapid destruction of ACh in the synaptic cleft by monoamine oxidase.
E)diffusion of the ACh out of the synaptic cleft.

Question 71

Which of following is a common characteristic of fast glycolytic (FG)skeletal muscle fibers?

A)large amount of myoglobin.
B)many mitochondria.
C)low concentration of creatine kinase in the sarcoplasm.
D)slow myosin ATPase.
E)high amount of glycogen in the sarcoplasm.

Question 72

Leg muscles are predominantly composed of which type of muscle fiber?

A)slow oxidative
B)fast glycolytic
C)fast oxidative-glycolytic
D)slow glycolytic
E)fast oxidative

Question 73

Which of the following types of abnormal contractions of skeletal muscle may be caused by holding a position for a prolonged period?

A)spasm
B)fasciculation
C)tremor
D)fibrillation
E)cramp

Question 74

After prolonged strenuous exercise has stopped,heavy breathing will often continue for several minutes in order to provide the oxygen needed to

A)convert the lactic acid produced during exercise back into glycogen.
B)resynthesize creatine phosphate.
C)replace oxygen displaced from muscle myoglobin.
D)All of these choices
E)None of these choices

Question 75

Which figure exhibits concentric contraction of the biceps brachii muscle?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)none of these choices