Deck 15: The Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Which of the following types of neurons would normally have the shortest axon?

A)Somatic motor neurons
B)Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
C)Postganglionic sympathetic neurons
D)Preganglionic sympathetic neurons
E)Somatosensory neurons.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A postganglionic neuron in the ANS

A)releases neurotransmitter that binds to the effector cell.
B)is the first part of an autonomic motor pathway.
C)has its cell body in the brain or spinal cord.
D)has its axons exiting the CNS through cranial nerves.
E)carries information into the sympathetic chain ganglia.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The autonomic nervous system is NOT involved in controlling

A)exocrine glands.
B)skeletal muscle.
C)cardiac muscle.
D)smooth muscle.
E)endocrine glands.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The two main neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system are

A)nicotine and adrenaline.
B)muscarine and acetylcholine.
C)norepinephrine and muscarine.
D)norepinephrine and acetylcholine.
E)somatostatin and nicotine.

Question 5

Which of the following terms is used to designate an effector that is innervated by both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS?

A)Preganglionic stimulation
B)Biganglion excitation
C)Multi-autonomic output
D)Bipolar innervation
E)Dual innervation

Question 6

Which autonomic plexus is located anterior to the fifth lumbar vertebra and serves the pelvic viscera?

A)Inferior mesenteric plexus
B)Renal plexus
C)Celiac plexus
D)Hypogastric plexus
E)Superior mesenteric plexus

Question 7

Which of the following descriptions of a preganglionic neuron is NOT correct?

A)Has axons that exit the CNS in a cranial or spinal nerve.
B)Has myelinated axons.
C)Forms the first part of an autonomic motor pathway.
D)Has its cell body in the brain or spinal cord.
E)Forms gap junctions with postganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglia.

Question 8

Interoceptors are found in

A)blood vessels
B)visceral organs
C)muscles
D)all of these choices
E)none of these choices

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a parasympathetic terminal ganglion?

A)Ciliary ganglion
B)Pterygopalatine ganglion
C)Submandibular ganglion
D)Otic ganglion
E)All are parasympathetic terminal ganglia

Question 10

Which ganglia contain the cell bodies of the parasympathetic postganglionic neurons that serve the parotid salivary glands?

A)Ciliary ganglia
B)Pterygopalatine ganglia
C)Submandibular ganglia
D)Otic ganglia
E)None of these choices

Question 11

Which of the following does NOT describe the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

A)Long preganglionic neurons
B)Synapses with smooth muscle in blood vessels walls
C)Vagus nerve output
D)Ganglia found near visceral effectors
E)Sacral spinal cord output

Question 12

Which of the following are structures containing sympathetic preganglionic axons that connect the anterior ramus of the spinal nerve with the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk?

A)Lumbar splanchnic nerve
B)Greater splanchnic nerve
C)Inferior cervical ganglion
D)White rami communicantes
E)Gray rami communicantes

Question 13

Which of the following does NOT describe the sympathetic division of the ANS?

A)Ganglia primarily found in the head
B)Stimulates sweat glands
C)Synapses with smooth muscle in blood vessel walls
D)Short preganglionic neurons
E)Thoracolumbar output

Question 14

Autonomic motor neurons regulate visceral activities by
1)increasing activities in effector tissue.
2)decreasing activities in effector tissue.
3)changing the direction of impulse conduction across synapses.

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)Both 1 and 2
E)None of these choices

Question 15

Acetylcholine is released by _____ postganglionic neurons and is removed from the synaptic cleft at a _____ rate than norepinephrine.

A)sympathetic;slower
B)sympathetic;faster
C)parasympathetic;slower
D)parasympathetic;faster
E)both parasympathetic and sympathetic;slower

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a sympathetic prevertebral ganglion?

A)Celiac ganglion
B)Ciliary ganglion
C)Superior mesenteric ganglion
D)Inferior mesenteric ganglion
E)All are prevertebral ganglia

Question 17

The largest autonomic plexus is called the

A)superior mesenteric plexus.
B)renal plexus.
C)cardiac plexus.
D)celiac plexus.
E)hypogastric plexus.

Question 18

Which of the following are types of cholinergic receptors?

A)Nicotinic and adrenergic receptors
B)Muscarinic and somatic receptors
C)Adrenergic and somatic receptors
D)Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
E)Somatostatic and nicotinic receptors

Question 19

Autonomic tone is regulated by the

A)medulla oblongata.
B)cerebellum.
C)cerebrum.
D)vermis.
E)hypothalamus.

Question 20

Which of the following responses is NOT caused by activation of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

A)Decreased heart rate
B)Airway dilation
C)Decreased pupil diameter
D)Increased secretion of digestive juices
E)Increased gastric motility

Question 21

Explain why the sympathetic division of the ANS has more widespread and longer-lasting effects than the parasympathetic division.

Question 22

Which of the following responses is NOT caused by activation of the sympathetic division?

A)Increased heart rate
B)Airway constriction
C)Decreased blood flow to kidneys and gastrointestinal tract
D)Increased blood flow to skeletal muscle,cardiac muscle,liver and fat
E)Increased blood glucose level

Question 23

Where is the inferior mesenteric ganglion and plexus in the figure?

A)E
B)F
C)G
D)M
E)N

Question 24

Which of the following labeled structures is the right sympathetic trunk ganglion?

A)E
B)B
C)L
D)M
E)N

Question 25

Where is the hypogastric plexus in the figure?

A)J
B)K
C)D
D)F
E)N

Question 26

The superior mesenteric ganglion receives nervous input from the

A)lesser splanchnic nerve.
B)least splanchnic nerve.
C)greater thoracic splanchnic nerve
D)a and b only
E)a,b,and c

Question 27

Preganglionic neurons are supplied to the submandibular ganglion by which cranial nerve?

A)Oculomotor (III)nerve (cranial nerve III)
B)Facial (VII)nerve (cranial nerve VII)
C)Glossopharyngeal (IX)nerve (cranial nerve IX)
D)Vagus (X)nerve (cranial nerve X)
E)None of these choices

Question 28

Which of the following nerves provides innervation for the external genitals?

A)Oculomotor (III)nerve (cranial nerve III)
B)Facial (VII)nerve (cranial nerve VII)
C)Glossopharyngeal (IX)nerve (cranial nerve IX)
D)Vagus (X)nerve (cranial nerve X)
E)Pelvic splanchnic nerve

Question 29

What type of nervous system pathway is shown in this figure?

A)Somatic motor pathway
B)Somatic sensory pathway
C)Autonomic motor pathway
D)Autonomic sensory pathway
E)None of these choices

Question 30

What type of neurotransmitter is used by the pathway shown in the figure?

A)Norepinephrine
B)Acetylcholine
C)Epinephrine
D)Dopamine
E)Serotonin

Question 31

Describe the possible ways in which the axon of a sympathetic preganglionic neuron connects with postganglionic neurons after it reaches the sympathetic trunk ganglia.

Question 32

Which ganglion supplies the stomach with postganglionic neurons?

A)Middle cervical ganglion
B)Inferior cervical ganglion
C)Celiac ganglion
D)Inferior mesenteric ganglion
E)Ciliary ganglion

Question 33

Which nerve supplies the inferior mesenteric ganglion with preganglionic neurons?

A)Lumbar splanchnic nerve
B)Lesser splanchnic nerve
C)Greater splanchnic nerve
D)Cardiac accelerator
E)Phrenic nerve

Question 34

What region does the superior cervical ganglion primarily serve?

A)Abdominal
B)Pelvic
C)Skin
D)Head
E)None of these choices

Question 35

Describe the potential roles that autonomic neurons that release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine perform in the ANS.Be sure to describe the types of postsynaptic effector cells including their receptors that could be potentially activated by acetylcholine release from autonomic neurons.

Question 36

Parasympathetic innervation of the liver occurs through

A)oculomotor (III)nerve (cranial nerve III).
B)facial (VII)nerve (cranial nerve VII).
C)glossopharyngeal (IX)nerve (cranial nerve IX).
D)vagus (X)nerve (cranial nerve X).
E)pelvic splanchnic nerve.

Question 37

Where is the cardiac plexus in the figure?

A)A
B)B
C)H
D)I
E)J

Question 38

Postganglionic neurons from the otic ganglion supply the

A)parotid gland.
B)heart.
C)lungs.
D)liver.
E)ureter.

Question 39

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the longer lasting and more widespread effects observed with sympathetic activation versus parasympathetic activation?

A)Norepinephrine is more slowly removed from synapses than ACh.
B)Additional norepinephrine is released from the adrenal gland.
C)Greater divergence occurs in sympathetic neural pathways.
D)Blood flow to the hypothalamus is decreased when sympathetic activation occurs.

Question 40

Where is the right vagus nerve in the figure?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)H
E)K

Question 41

Where is the greater splanchnic nerve in the diagram?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)E
E)G

Question 42

What type of nervous system pathway is shown in the figure?

A)Somatic motor pathway
B)Somatic sensory pathway
C)Autonomic motor pathway
D)Autonomic sensory pathway
E)None of these choices

Question 43

Which neurotransmitter is released at the autonomic ganglion by the preganglionic neuron in the diagram?

A)Norepinephrine
B)Acetylcholine
C)Epinephrine
D)Dopamine
E)Serotonin

Question 44

Where is the pulmonary plexus in the diagram?

A)A
B)E
C)D
D)B
E)G

Question 45

A patient with chronic skeletal muscle spasms was placed on an anticholinergic medication.After taking the medication,the patient's muscle spasms ceased,but now the patient reports a loss of muscle strength.In addition,the patient's resting heart rate has increased.Explain the effects of the medication the patient received.

Question 46

Which neurotransmitter is released by the preganglionic neuron at the autonomic ganglion in the diagram?

A)Norepinephrine
B)Acetylcholine
C)Epinephrine
D)Dopamine
E)Serotonin

Question 47

If the pathway shown in the diagram is a parasympathetic division pathway,which neurotransmitter acts at the effector?

A)Norepinephrine
B)Acetylcholine
C)Epinephrine
D)Dopamine
E)Serotonin

Question 48

Where is the left vagus (X)nerve in the diagram?

A)A
B)C
C)D
D)F
E)G

Question 49

Where is the esophageal plexus in the diagram?

A)A
B)B
C)D
D)C
E)G

Question 50

Which plexus or nerve shown in the diagram supplies the bronchial tree?

A)A
B)C
C)F
D)B
E)E

Question 51

Which plexus or nerve shown in the diagram supplies the renal arteries?

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)E
E)F

Question 52

Where is the aorticorenal ganglion in the diagram?

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 53

Where is the renal ganglion and renal plexus in the diagram?

A)A
B)B
C)D
D)E
E)G

Question 54

If the pathway shown in the diagram is a sympathetic division pathway,which neurotransmitter acts at the effector?

A)Norepinephrine
B)Acetylcholine
C)Epinephrine
D)Dopamine
E)Serotonin

Question 55

Which neurotransmitter is released at the gland by the preganglionic neuron in the diagram?

A)Norepinephrine
B)Acetylcholine
C)Epinephrine
D)Dopamine
E)Serotonin

Question 56

Where is the celiac ganglion and plexus in the diagram?

A)A
B)B
C)D
D)C
E)G

Question 57

Compare and contrast the overall responses of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Question 58

The structure labeled 2 in the diagram is a

A)somatic motor neuron.
B)parasympathetic preganglionic neuron.
C)parasympathetic postganglionic neuron.
D)sympathetic preganglionic neuron.
E)somatosensory neuron.

Question 59

The structure labeled 3 in the diagram is a

A)somatic motor neuron.
B)parasympathetic preganglionic neuron.
C)parasympathetic postganglionic neuron.
D)sympathetic preganglionic neuron.
E)somatosensory neuron.

Question 60

Explain how blood flow to tissues changes during the fight-or-flight response.

Question 61

Which of the following types of adrenergic receptors are found on cardiac muscle fibers where their activation stimulates increased force and rate of contraction of the heart?

A)α₁-adrenergic
B)α₂-adrenergic
C)β₁-adrenergic
D)β₂-adrenergic
E)β₃-adrenergic

Question 62

Which of the following types of adrenergic receptors are only found in brown adipose tissue where their activation stimulates heat production?

A)α₁-adrenergic
B)α₂-adrenergic
C)β₁-adrenergic
D)β₂-adrenergic
E)β₃-adrenergic

Question 63

The structure labeled 1 in the diagram is the

A)femoral nerve.
B)sciatic nerve.
C)pelvic splanchnic nerve.
D)pudendal nerve.
E)genitofemoral nerve.

Question 64

Which division of the ANS innervates the sweat glands and the hair follicles?

A)Parasympathetic
B)Sympathetic
C)Neither division innervates these effectors
D)Both divisions innervate these effectors

Question 65

Which disorder is a type of neuropathy often caused by long term diabetes mellitus?

A)Raynaud's phenomenon
B)Autonomic dysreflexia
C)Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
D)Diabetic neuropathy
E)Horner's Syndrome

Question 66

Which of the following statements describes a common response of an autonomic effector during the "fight-or-flight" response?

A)Gastric motility and secretory activity increases.
B)Blood vessels serving skeletal muscles constrict.
C)Adipose tissues stores away triglycerides for later use.
D)The pupils of the eyes dilate.
E)Blood vessels serving the kidneys and digestive organs dilate.

Question 67

Which the following regions of the brain serve as the major control and integration center of the ANS?

A)cerebrum
B)cerebellulum
C)thalamus
D)hypothalamus
E)pituitary

Question 68

The chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla possess what type of receptor that makes them responsive to the ACh released by preganglionic sympathetic neurons?

A)muscarinic receptors
B)nicotinic receptors
C)β₁-adrenergic
D)β₂-adrenergic
E)β₃-adrenergic

Question 69

Which disorder is characterized by an exaggerated response of the sympathetic division of the ANS that occurs in most individuals with spinal cord injury at or above T6?

A)Raynaud's phenomenon
B)Autonomic dysreflexia
C)Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
D)Diabetic neuropathy
E)Horner's Syndrome

Question 70

Which endocrine gland is directly innervated by sympathetic preganglionic axons?

A)Pituitary gland
B)Hypothalamus
C)Pancreas
D)Adrenal gland
E)Thyroid gland

Question 71

Which disorder involves the loss of sympathetic innervation to one side of the face due to inherited mutation,injury or disease?

A)Raynaud's phenomenon
B)Autonomic dysreflexia
C)Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
D)Diabetic neuropathy
E)Horner's Syndrome

Question 72

One of the main differences between a somatic reflex and autonomic reflex is the type of effectors that are activated.The effectors in somatic reflexes are _____,while the effectors in autonomic reflexes are _____.

A)skeletal muscles;smooth muscle,cardiac muscle,and glands
B)striated muscles;smooth muscle and glands
C)skeletal muscles and glands;smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
D)glands;skeletal muscles,smooth muscle,and cardiac muscle
E)skeletal muscles;smooth muscle only

Question 73

Which of the following lists the components of an autonomic reflex arc in the proper sequence of activation?

A)receptor - sensory neuron - integrating center - motor neuron - effector
B)receptor - motor neuron - integrating center - sensory neuron - effector
C)effector - sensory neuron - integrating center - motor neuron - receptor
D)integrating center - receptor - sensory neuron - motor neuron - effector
E)receptor - sensory neuron - motor neuron - effector - integrating center

Question 74

Thoracolumbar is another name for which division of ANS?

A)Parasympathetic
B)Sympathetic
C)Somatic nervous system
D)Autonomic ganglia
E)Craniosacral division

Question 75

Based on your knowledge of ANS receptors,explain how beta blockers are able to manage conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure)?