Deck 19: The Cardiovascular System: the Blood

Question 1

Which of the following blood cells is a phagocyte?

A)Neutrophil
B)Platelet
C)Lymphocyte
D)Basophil
E)Erythrocyte

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The hematocrit is a measure of the percentage of whole blood occupied by

A)WBCs.
B)platelets.
C)RBCs.
D)plasma.
E)plasma proteins.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following blood cells is involved in reducing blood loss from a damaged blood vessel?

A)Erythrocyte
B)Platelet
C)Lymphocyte
D)Basophil
E)Neutrophil

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The major function of red blood cells is

A)nutrient transport.
B)cytokine stimulation.
C)blood cell proliferation.
D)gas transport.
E)disease resistance.

Question 5

A megakaryoblast will develop into

A)a red blood cell.
B)a white blood cell.
C)a platelet.
D)either a white blood cell or a platelet.
E)none of these choices.

Question 6

What percentage of blood plasma is water?

A)95.1%
B)91.5%
C)88.5%
D)4)9%
E)8)5%

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a true statement regarding blood?

A)The normal average temperature of blood is around 100.4^o F.
B)The normal pH range for blood is 7.35-7.45.
C)Hemocytoblasts are a common component of circulating blood.
D)The primary circulating blood cell is the RBC.
E)Blood is a liquid connective tissue consisting of cells and a liquid extracellular matrix.

Question 8

Approximately,how many hemoglobin molecules are found in each RBC?

A)50 million
B)100 million
C)280 million
D)320 million
E)430 million

Question 9

Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in blood clotting?

A)Albumin
B)Globulins
C)Fibrinogen
D)Prostaglandins
E)None of these choices

Question 10

Which of the following cells is NOT an agranular leukocyte?

A)Monocytes
B)Macrophage
C)Lymphocyte
D)Basophil
E)All of these choices

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the blood?

A)Transportation of nutrients
B)Regulation of blood pH
C)Protection against infectious disease
D)Transportation of heat
E)Production of oxygen

Question 12

Ferritin is a protein used to

A)transport iron in the blood.
B)store iron in the liver.
C)oxidize iron in the peroxisomes.
D)synthesize iron.
E)absorb iron across intestinal cells.

Question 13

During hemopoiesis,some of the myeloid stem cells will eventually develop into

A)proerythroblasts.
B)T lymphoblasts.
C)B lymphoblasts.
D)NK lymphoblasts.
E)all of these choices.

Question 14

Which of the following blood cells release granules that intensify the inflammatory response and promote hypersensitivity (allergic)reactions?

A)Eosinophil
B)Monocyte
C)Lymphocyte
D)Basophil
E)Neutrophil

Question 15

Which of the following blood cells are the main soldiers in the immune system defense of the body against microbial invaders?

A)Eosinophil
B)Macrophage
C)Lymphocyte
D)Basophil
E)Platelet

Question 16

The process by which the formed elements of the blood develop is called

A)hematospermia.
B)hemopoiesis.
C)thrombocytosis.
D)hemostasis.
E)polycythemia.

Question 17

Towards the end of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow,a red blood cell loses its nucleus and becomes a

A)proerythroblast.
B)megakaryocyte.
C)progenitor cell.
D)mature erythrocyte.
E)reticulocyte.

Question 18

Which of the following hormones stimulates proliferation of red blood cells in red bone marrow?

A)erythropoietin (EPO)
B)thrombopoietin (TPO)
C)human growth hormone (hGH)
D)calcitonin (CT)
E)follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 19

Which of the following blood cells phagocytizes antigen-antibody complexes and are effective against parasitic worms?

A)Eosinophil
B)Monocyte
C)Lymphocyte
D)Basophil
E)Neutrophil

Question 20

Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in disease resistance?

A)Albumin
B)Globulins
C)Fibrinogen
D)Myoglobin
E)Hemoglobin

Question 21

Which of the cells in the diagram will eventually develop into macrophages?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 22

Which of following correctly lists the sequence of steps that occur during hemostasis in response to a damaged blood vessel?

A)vascular spasm,clotting,polycythemia
B)hemolysis,vascular spasm,platelet plug formation
C)emigration,clotting,hemolysis
D)vascular spasm,platelet plug formation,clotting
E)anemia,hemogenesis,platelet plug formation

Question 23

What is this figure demonstrating?

A)Erythropoiesis
B)RBC differentiation
C)Emigration
D)Clot formation
E)Clot retraction

Question 24

Which of the following situations could result in maternal antibodies attacking fetal blood cells during a second pregnancy?

A)Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh negative
B)Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positive
C)Mom is Rh positive and fetus is Rh negative
D)Mom is Rh positive and fetus is Rh positive.

Question 25

What blood type is a person if their plasma contains only anti-A agglutinin?

A)A
B)B
C)O
D)AB
E)Not enough information is provided to answer question.

Question 26

Which of the cells in the diagram will increase the number of nuclear lobes as they age?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 27

Which of the following chemical substances are NOT commonly released by mast cells?

A)Heparin
B)Histamine
C)Nitric oxide
D)Proteases
E)All of these choices

Question 28

Which labeled cell in the diagram is a WBC?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)Both B and C
E)All of these choices

Question 29

Which of the cells in the diagram can be subdivided into categories of small and large versions of this cell type?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 30

Which letter in the diagram indicates the correct position of a myeloid stem cell?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)G

Question 31

Which of the following antibodies would you find in the plasma of a person with type O blood?

A)anti-A
B)anti-B
C)anti-A and anti-B
D)No antibodies to ABO blood group antigens
E)Not enough information to answer

Question 32

Which of the following substances is an anticoagulant produced by mast cells and basophils?

A)Heparin
B)Fibrinogen
C)Thromboxane A2
D)Prostacyclin
E)Plasmin

Question 33

What does this figure represent?

A)Erythropoiesis
B)RBC differentiation
C)Emigration
D)Clot formation
E)Clot retraction

Question 34

The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood clotting are identical after formation of

A)thromboplastin.
B)prothrombinase.
C)clotting factor XII.
D)fibrin.
E)tissue factor.

Question 35

Which of the following clotting factors is involved in strengthening and stabilizing a blood clot?

A)Factor V
B)Factor VII
C)Factor XI
D)Factor XIII
E)Factor XIV

Question 36

Which of the following opposes the action of thromboxane A2 by inhibiting platelet adhesion and release?

A)Heparin
B)Fibrinogen
C)Plasmin
D)Antithrombin
E)Prostacyclin

Question 37

Which labeled cell in the diagram will develop into thrombocytes?

A)G
B)J
C)K
D)L
E)E

Question 38

Which of the following hormones stimulates the development of megakaryoblasts?

A)Erythropoietin
B)Thrombopoietin
C)Nitric oxide
D)Human growth hormone
E)Heparin

Question 39

The process of a white blood cell squeezing between endothelial cells to exit a blood vessel is called

A)emigration.
B)diaphysis.
C)adhesion.
D)opsonization.
E)phagocytosis.

Question 40

Which labeled cell in the diagram is a pluripotent stem cell?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)G

Question 41

Which of the following blood cell types normally comprises the highest percentage of the blood component labeled II in the figure?

A)eosinophils
B)monocytes
C)lymphocytes
D)neutrophils
E)basophils

Question 42

Which of the following precursor cells give rise to granular leukocytes?

A)Proerythroblast
B)Megakaryoblast
C)Lymphoblast
D)Myeloblast
E)None of the selections are correct.

Question 43

A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate viral infections?

A)A & B
B)B & C
C)C & D
D)D & E
E)E & C

Question 44

List and briefly describe the major functions of blood.

Question 45

When blood from a normal adult is centrifuged as shown in the figure,which of the following components occupies the greatest volume?

A)plasma
B)red blood cells
C)platelets
D)buffy coat
E)white blood cells

Question 46

A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate parasitic infection or autoimmune disease?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 47

A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate cancer or hypothyroidism?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 48

A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate fungal infection?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 49

Explain the proposed role of hemoglobin in the regulation of blood flow and blood pressure.

Question 50

Which of the following types of proteins is present at the lowest percentage of the blood component labeled I in the figure?

A)globulin
B)albumin
C)fibrinogen
D)all of the protein listed are found in equal percentages
E)none of proteins listed are found in component I

Question 51

A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate bacterial infection,stress,or inflammation?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 52

Which of the following precursor cells eventually give rise to the platelets?

A)Megakaryoblast
B)Proerythroblast
C)T lymphoblast
D)Monoblast
E)Myeloblast

Question 53

Which of the following formed elements found in the blood are derived from reticulocytes?

A)Platelets
B)Erythrocytes
C)T lymphocytes
D)Monocytes
E)Basophils

Question 54

Which of the following blood cell types normally comprises the smallest percentage of the blood component labeled II in the figure?

A)eosinophils
B)monocytes
C)lymphocytes
D)neutrophils
E)basophils

Question 55

Which of the following precursor cells eventually give rise to neutrophils?

A)Megakaryoblast
B)Proerythroblast
C)T lymphoblast
D)Monoblast
E)Myeloblast

Question 56

Why does damaged endothelium present an increased risk of blood clotting?

Question 57

Which of the following types of proteins is present at the highest percentage in the blood component labeled I in the figure?

A)globulin
B)albumin
C)fibrinogen
D)thrombin
E)keratin

Question 58

What is the normal concentration range of the formed element that comprises the blood component labeled III in the figure?

A)400,000-1 million cells/μL
B)150-200 cells/μL
C)4)8-5.4 million cells/μL
D)150,000-400,000 cells/μL
E)5,000-10,000 cells/μL

Question 59

Which of the following precursor cells give rise to agranular leukocytes?

A)Proerythroblast
B)Megakaryoblast
C)Lymphoblast
D)Myeloblast
E)None of the selections are correct.

Question 60

Describe the negative feedback loop that controls the rate of erythropoiesis.Under what circumstances would you expect the rate of erythropoiesis to increase? How would it be possible to tell if the rate of erythropoiesis is elevated?

Question 61

List and briefly describe the three mechanisms used to reduce blood loss from a damaged blood vessel.

Question 62

Anemia is defined as

A)a condition where blood does not clot properly.
B)a condition where blood cells are lysed by the immune response.
C)a condition where there is excessive bleeding.
D)a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is reduced.
E)none of these choices.

Question 63

Reduced vitamin B₁₂ absorption from the small intestine due to reduced intrinsic factor production in the stomach results in condition called

A)hemorrhagic anemia.
B)aplastic anemia.
C)megaloblastic anemia.
D)pernicious anemia.
E)iron deficiency anemia.

Question 64

Destruction of red bone marrow due to radiation results in

A)hemorrhagic anemia.
B)aplastic anemia.
C)megaloblastic anemia.
D)pernicious anemia.
E)iron deficiency anemia.

Question 65

Which of the following formed elements in blood are removed by fixed macrophages in the spleen and liver after only 5 to 9 days in the circulation?

A)erythrocytes
B)thrombocytes
C)monocytes
D)basophils
E)eosinophils

Question 66

The average life span of an erythrocyte in the circulation is

A)4 to 5 years.
B)4 to 5 hours.
C)5 to 9 days.
D)120 days.
E)120 weeks.

Question 67

Serum is

A)the same as plasma.
B)plasma without the clotting factors.
C)the same as lymph.
D)formed during the first step in blood clotting.
E)pulmonary interstitial fluid.

Question 68

If type A blood is infused into a patient with type O blood,which of the following adverse reactions would you expect to observe in the patient?

A)Agglutination (clumping)of the transfused blood cells.
B)Complement-induced hemolysis of the transfused blood cells.
C)Released hemoglobin clogging the filtration membrane of the kidneys.
D)More than one of the answer selection is correct.
E)No adverse reactions would occur.

Question 69

A low count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate radiation exposure,or systemic lupus erythromatosus?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 70

A cord-blood transplant involves obtaining the stem cells to transplant into the diseased patient from

A)the spermatic cord of a donor's testes.
B)the spinal cord of the patient.
C)the umbilical cord of a donor shortly after birth.
D)the irradiated bone marrow of the patient.
E)the spinal cord of an aborted fetus.

Question 71

Which of the following blood types is a person whose blood cells were agglutinated by both anti-A serum and anti-B serum,but not by anti-Rh serum?

A)AB negative
B)AB positive
C)O negative
D)O positive
E)None of the selections are correct

Question 72

A condition in which inadequate intake of vitamin B₁₂ or folic acid causes production of large abnormal red blood cells is called

A)hemorrhagic anemia.
B)aplastic anemia.
C)megaloblastic anemia.
D)pernicious anemia.
E)iron deficiency anemia.

Question 73

Low counts of which two cell types shown in the figure may result from treatment with cortisol?

A)A & B
B)B & C
C)C & D
D)D & E
E)E & C

Question 74

A low count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate pregnancy,ovulation,or hyperthyroidism?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E