Deck 20: The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Question 1

Contraction of the atria of the heart leads to blood moving directly

A)into auricles.
B)into arteries.
C)into veins
D)through atrioventricular valves
E)through semilunar valves.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is used to reduce friction between the layers of membranes surrounding the heart?

A)Synovial fluid
B)Endocardium
C)Pleural fluid
D)Pericardial fluid
E)Capillary endothelium

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What of the following chambers of the heart contain deoxygenated blood?

A)Left atrium and left ventricle
B)Left atrium only
C)Right atrium and right ventricle
D)Right ventricle only
E)Left atrium and right ventricle

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Why is the myocardium of the left ventricle thicker than the myocardium of the right ventricle?

Question 5

Which valve below prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle?

A)Tricuspid valve
B)Bicuspid valve
C)Pulmonary semilunar valve
D)Aortic semilunar valve
E)Mitral valve

Question 6

Identify the structure found in a fetus that allows blood to flow directly from the pulmonary trunk into the aorta.

A)Fossa ovalis
B)Foramen ovale
C)Trabeculae carneae
D)Descending aorta
E)Ductus arteriosus

Question 7

Contraction of the ventricles of the heart leads to blood moving directly

A)into arteries.
B)into capillaries.
C)into veins.
D)through an atrioventricular valve.
E)through the apex.

Question 8

Identify the muscular ridges that are found on the anterior wall of the right atrium and extend into the auricles.

A)Pectinate muscles
B)Trabeculae carneae
C)Coronary sulci
D)Papillary muscles
E)Chordae tendinae

Question 9

The outermost layer of the pericardium,which consists of inelastic dense irregular connective tissue,is called the

A)parietal layer of pericardium.
B)serous pericardium.
C)fibrous pericardium.
D)epicardium.
E)endocardium.

Question 10

Through which structure does blood pass from the right atrium to the right ventricle?

A)Bicuspid valve
B)Interventricular septum
C)Tricuspid valve
D)Mitral valve
E)Ascending aorta

Question 11

Which layer of the heart wall consists of cardiac muscle tissue?

A)Epicardium
B)Pericardium
C)Myocardium
D)Endocardium
E)Hypocardium

Question 12

The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart is called the

A)pericardium.
B)pleura.
C)myocardium.
D)mediastinum.
E)endocardium.

Question 13

Which layer of the heart wall consists of mesothelium and connective tissue?

A)Epicardium
B)Myocardium
C)Endocardium
D)Fibrous pericardium
E)None of the answer selections are correct

Question 14

The apex of the heart is normally pointed

A)at the midline.
B)to the left of the midline.
C)to the right of the midline.
D)is different for males and females
E)posteriorly.

Question 15

Identify the pouch-like structure that increases the total filling capacity of the atrium.

A)Ventricle
B)Coronary sulcus
C)Fossa ovalis
D)Interatrial septum
E)Auricle.

Question 16

Identify the groove found on the surface of the heart and marks the boundary between the right and left ventricles.

A)Coronary sulcus
B)Anterior interventricular sulcus
C)Posterior interventricular sulcus
D)Coronary sinus
E)Anterior intraventricular sulcus

Question 17

What type of tissue comprises the valves of the heart?

A)Dense connective tissue
B)Areolar connective tissue
C)Hyaline cartilage
D)Cardiac muscle tissue
E)Adipose tissue

Question 18

Explain how the heart pumps blood into two separate closed circuits that are arranged in series.

Question 19

Blood leaving the left ventricle passes through which of the following structures?

A)Right atrium
B)Interventricular septum
C)Bicuspid valve
D)Aortic semilunar valve
E)Pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 20

Which of the following terms identifies the anatomical region found between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm?

A)Epicardium
B)Abdominal cavity
C)Pericardium
D)Mediastinum
E)Thoracic cavity

Question 21

Which structure in the heart initiates action potentials that stimulate contraction of the heart at constant rate of about 100 beats per minute?

A)Cardiac accelerator nerves
B)Atrioventricular node
C)Cardiovascular center
D)Sinoatrial node
E)Bundle of His

Question 22

Which term refers to the period of time during a cardiac cycle when contraction of a chamber occurs and pressure within the chamber rises?

A)filling
B)systole
C)repolarization
D)diastole
E)fibrillation

Question 23

Briefly describe why cardiac tissue cannot repair itself after damage?

Question 24

Which portion of the heart wall is responsible for the pumping action?

A)E
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 25

Which part of the brain contains the cardiovascular center that regulates heart rate?

A)Midbrain
B)Cerebrum
C)Medulla oblongata
D)Cerebellum
E)Thalamus

Question 26

Which of the following electrocardiogram (EKG)waves represents atrial depolarization?

A)R wave
B)T wave
C)S wave
D)P wave
E)Q wave

Question 27

In comparison to skeletal muscle fibers,the contractile fibers of the heart are depolarized for _____ period of time.

A)a shorter
B)a longer
C)the same

Question 28

Cardiac muscle fibers are electrically connected to neighboring fibers by

A)desmosomes.
B)tight junctions.
C)gap junctions.
D)interneurons.
E)chordae tendinae.

Question 29

Which of the following would lead to a decreased heart rate?

A)Increased norepinephrine release
B)Increased thyroid hormone release
C)Increased potassium levels in plasma
D)Increased calcium levels in plasma
E)Increased sympathetic stimulation

Question 30

Which wave in an electrocardiogram represents repolarization of the ventricles?

A)R wave
B)T wave
C)S wave
D)P wave
E)Q wave

Question 31

Which of the following selections lists conditions that would lead to increased stroke volume?

A)increased preload,increased afterload,increased contractility
B)decreased preload,decreased afterload,decreased contractility
C)increased preload,decreased afterload,increased contractility
D)decreased preload,increased afterload,increased contractility
E)increased preload,increased afterload,decreased contractility

Question 32

Which network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers provide a path for each cycle of cardiac excitation to progress through the heart?

A)Systemic circuit
B)Intercalated discs
C)Cardiovascular center
D)Cardiac conduction system
E)Pulmonary circuit

Question 33

Which of the following type of muscle contains the largest number of mitochondria per cell?

A)Smooth muscle
B)Skeletal muscle
C)Cardiac muscle
D)All the muscle types contain approximately the same number.
E)Mitochondria are not found in muscle cells.

Question 34

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta each minute is called the

A)cardiac output.
B)cardiac input.
C)stroke volume.
D)heart rate.
E)pulse pressure.

Question 35

Which of the following blood vessel is used to distribute oxygenated blood to the myocardium?

A)Coronary artery
B)Coronary vein
C)Coronary sinus
D)Vena cava
E)Myocardial vein

Question 36

During which of following periods does the largest volume of blood enter the arteries?

A)atrial diastole
B)ventricular diastole
C)atrial systole
D)ventricular systole

Question 37

Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of structures that a cardiac action potential follows in order to excite normal contraction of the heart?

A)Bundle of His,Purkinje fibers,Atrioventricular (AV)node
B)Sinoatrial (SA)node,Purkinje fibers,AV node,Bundle of His
C)Purkinje fibers,AV node,SA node,Bundle of His
D)SA node,AV node,Bundle of His,Purkinje fibers
E)Bundle of His,SA node,AV node,Purkinje fibers

Question 38

The second heart sound (dupp)closely follows which of the events listed below?

A)Valvular stenosis
B)Semilunar valves opening
C)Atrioventricular valves closing
D)Semilunar valves closing
E)Atrioventricular valves opening

Question 39

In the diagram,where are the trabeculae carneae?

A)D
B)E
C)F
D)G
E)H

Question 40

Stimulation of which nerve reduces heart rate?

A)Cardiac accelerator nerve
B)Hypoglossal nerve
C)Spinal accessory
D)Vagus nerve
E)Phrenic nerve

Question 41

Which labeled structure shown in the diagram is a remnant of fetal circulation that is not directly involved in adult circulation?

A)A
B)B
C)H
D)D
E)E

Question 42

Briefly describe what is happening at stage of the ECG labeled 5 in the diagram.

Question 43

Which blood vessel shown in the figure carries oxygenated blood to the lower thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity of the body?

A)A
B)B
C)E
D)F
E)H

Question 44

In the diagram,which labeled structure is the pulmonary semilunar valve?

A)B
B)D
C)E
D)A
E)None of these choices

Question 45

Which labeled blood vessel in the diagram is an artery carrying deoxygenated blood?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)E
E)I

Question 46

Which labeled blood vessel shown in the diagram is the left common carotid artery?

A)A
B)B
C)E
D)F
E)H

Question 47

What labeled structure in the figure is the ligamentum arteriosum?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 48

Which labeled structure shown in the diagram is a pouch-like extension that serves to slightly increase the capacity of an atrium?

A)F
B)E
C)G
D)I
E)D

Question 49

Which structure in the figure is labeled A?

A)left common carotid artery
B)left subclavian artery
C)left pulmonary vein
D)mitral valve

Question 50

Describe what is happening during the phase of the cardiac action potential labeled 2 in the diagram.

Question 51

Which of the labeled diagrams shows coarctation of the aorta?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 52

In the diagram,which labeled structures are atrioventricular valves?

A)B only
B)D only
C)A and C
D)B and D
E)A,B,C and D

Question 53

Which of the labeled diagrams shows an atrial septal defect?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 54

Which structure in the figure is labeled B?

A)left common carotid artery
B)left subclavian artery
C)left pulmonary vein
D)mitral valve

Question 55

Which of the labeled steps in the diagram represent formation of the primitive heart tube?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 56

Which labeled structure in the figure acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 57

In the diagram,which labeled structure prevents blood flow from the right ventricle back into the right atrium?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 58

What labeled structure in the figure increases the blood volume capacity of an atrium?

A)B
B)G
C)D
D)F

Question 59

In the diagram,where is the left auricle of the left atrium?

A)C
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 60

Which of the labeled steps in the diagram represent formation of the endocardial tubes?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 61

In comparison to a sedentary individual,a well-trained athlete will usually have all the following characteristics EXCEPT

A)a higher cardiac reserve.
B)a higher resting cardiac output.
C)a higher stroke volume.
D)hypertrophy of the heart.
E)resting bradycardia.

Question 62

Which labeled structure in the figure is the AV node?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 63

Isovolumetric contraction is the phase of the cardiac cardiac cycle in which

A)the semilunar valves are open.
B)ventricular repolarization occurs.
C)atrial depolarization occurs.
D)oxygenated blood leaves the heart into the systemic circulation.
E)ventricular pressure increases and ventricular volume remains the same.

Question 64

Cardiac output is the volume of blood ejected from the _____ ventricle into the _____ each minute.

A)left,aorta
B)right,aorta
C)left or right,aorta or pulmonary trunk
D)right,pulmonary trunk
E)both left and right aorta are correct

Question 65

Which labeled structure in the figure carries the cardiac action potential directly into the contractile fibers of the ventricular myocardium?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 66

Which of the following chambers of the heart is surrounded by the thickest layer of myocardium?

A)right atrium
B)left atrium
C)right ventricle
D)left ventricle
E)right auricle

Question 67

What is the function of the foramen ovale during fetal life?

A)Allowing blood to flow directly from the right atrium into the left atrium.
B)Allowing blood to flow directly from the right ventricle into the left ventricle.
C)Serves as a valve in the vena cava to regulate venous blood flow.
D)Prevents back flow of blood from aorta into the left ventricle.
E)Prevents back flow of blood from pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle.

Question 68

A corrective cardiac procedure in which a large piece of a patient's own latissimus dorsi muscle is wrapped around the heart and stimulated by an implanted pacemaker to assist the pumping action of a damaged heart.

A)myocardial infarction
B)tetrology of Fallot
C)cardiomyopathy
D)cardiomegaly
E)cardiomyoplasty

Question 69

Discuss the common nutrient sources used by cardiac muscle to produce ATP in a resting individual.

Question 70

Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals with abnormalities in the _____ of the heart.

A)valves
B)myocardium
C)SA node
D)AV node
E)endocardium

Question 71

During heart transplants,the _____ nerves are severed resulting in a faster resting heart rate (approximately 100 beats per minute)after the transplant.

A)glossopharyngeal
B)cardiac accelerator
C)vagus
D)phrenic
E)cervical spinal

Question 72

Define arrhythmia and discuss different categories of arrhythmias.

Question 73

The difference between a person's maximum cardiac output and resting cardiac output is called the

A)stroke volume.
B)peripheral resistance.
C)afterload.
D)cardiac reserve.
E)venous return.

Question 74

Which labeled structure in the figure represents the only potential pathway for conducting action potentials from the atria to the ventricles?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E