Deck 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Question 1

The common property among the three types of medications used to treat depression is that they:

A) Increase neurotransmitter levels within the synapse.
B) Increase neurotransmitter levels in the presynapse.
C) Decrease neurotransmitter levels in the postsynapse.
D) Decrease neurotransmitter levels within the synapse.

Answer 1

Increase neurotransmitter levels within the synapse.

Question 2

The onset of schizophrenia can be triggered by which prenatal occurrence?

A) Viral infection
B) Maternal depression
C) Maternal smoking
D) Exposure to toxic waste

Answer 2

Viral infection

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is inhibited in panic disorders?

A) Norepinephrine
B) Serotonin
C) Dopamine
D) Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Answer 3

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question 4

Alterations in which part of the brain are linked to hallucinations,delusions,and thought disorders associated with schizophrenia?

A) Parietal lobe
B) Limbic system
C) Temporal lobe
D) Hypothalamus

Question 5

A notable complication of panic disorder is:

A) Avolition
B) Anhedonia
C) Alogia
D) Agoraphobia

Question 6

Hallucinations,delusions,and thought disorders occur with alterations to which part of the brain?

A) Temporal lobe
B) Parietal lobe
C) Hypothalamus
D) Cerebral cortex

Question 7

What data confer the link between bipolar disorders and schizophrenia?

A) Individuals with bipolar disorder who exhibit psychotic behaviors have deficits in reelin expression linked to genetic loci located on chromosome 22.
B) Individuals with schizophrenia who exhibit psychotic behaviors have deficits in serotonin linked to genetic loci located on chromosome 16.
C) Individuals with bipolar disorder who exhibit psychotic behaviors have deficits in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) linked to genetic loci located on chromosome 20.
D) Individuals with schizophrenia who exhibit psychotic behaviors have deficits in reelin expression linked to genetic loci located on chromosome 18.

Question 8

Significant numbers of individuals with depression have problems related to: (Select all that apply.)

A) Sleep cycles
B) Weight stabilization
C) Eating patterns
D) Thyroid function
E) Cognitive skills

Question 9

A decrease in receptor binding for which neurotransmitter is found in individuals with depression?

A) Norepinephrine
B) Serotonin
C) Dopamine
D) Acetylcholine

Question 10

Persistent symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)include:

A) Depression
B) Hypertension
C) Nightmares
D) Poor nutrition

Question 11

Which electrolyte imbalance contributes to lithium toxicity?

A) Hypernatremia
B) Hyponatremia
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Hypokalemia

Question 12

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)is used to treat depression:

A) In pregnant women
B) By enhancing the effect of antidepressants
C) As a first-line treatment before medications
D) That is unipolar

Question 13

The link between major depression and cortisol secretion is that individuals with depression:

A) Show suppression of plasma cortisol when given dexamethasone.
B) Have a decreased plasma cortisol level, despite the administration of exogenous corticosteroids.
C) Show that persistently elevated plasma cortisol levels can result in inflammation that is believed to trigger depression.
D) Have normal plasma cortisol levels throughout the day when they take antidepressant medication as prescribed.

Question 14

Which would be considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

A) Blunted affect
B) Auditory hallucinations
C) Poverty of speech
D) Lack of social interaction

Question 15

A criterion for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)is a period of excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months?

A) 3
B) 6
C) 9
D) 12

Question 16

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)system abnormalities exist in a large percentage of individuals with:

A) Schizophrenia
B) Major depression
C) Mania
D) Panic disorder

Question 17

When treating individuals with depression,the result produced by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)is believed to be an alteration in:

A) The monoamine systems
B) Serotonin
C) Norepinephrine
D) The limbic system

Question 18

Antipsychotic drugs block which neurotransmitter receptor?

A) Norepinephrine
B) Gamma-aminobutyric acid
C) Serotonin
D) Dopamine

Question 19

Individuals who eat aged cheese and avocado when taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)may experience:

A) Kidney damage
B) Hypertensive crisis
C) Orthostatic hypotension
D) Weight gain

Question 20

Which neurotransmitter is reduced in people with schizophrenia?

A) Dopamine
B) Gamma-aminobutyric acid
C) Acetylcholine
D) Serotonin

Question 21

Which neurotransmitter is inhibited in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)? (Select all that apply.)

A) Acetylcholine
B) Serotonin
C) Dopamine
D) Norepinephrine
E) Epinephrine

Question 22

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Fluent speech is difficult to comprehend.

A)Delusions
B)Formal thought disorder
C)Anhedonia
D)Hallucinations
E)Alogia
F)Avolition

Question 23

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Condition is characterized by a deficit in spontaneous or goal-directed activities.

A)Delusions
B)Formal thought disorder
C)Anhedonia
D)Hallucinations
E)Alogia
F)Avolition

Question 24

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Condition is characterized by an inability to have emotional experiences.

A)Delusions
B)Formal thought disorder
C)Anhedonia
D)Hallucinations
E)Alogia
F)Avolition

Question 25

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Persistent beliefs are contrary to the educational and cultural background of the individual.

A)Delusions
B)Formal thought disorder
C)Anhedonia
D)Hallucinations
E)Alogia
F)Avolition

Question 26

What are the most common side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)? (Select all that apply.)

A) Orthostatic hypotension
B) Dry mouth
C) Sleep disturbances
D) Agitation
E) Nausea

Question 27

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Perceptions are experienced without external stimulation of the sense organs.

A)Delusions
B)Formal thought disorder
C)Anhedonia
D)Hallucinations
E)Alogia
F)Avolition

Question 28

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Spontaneous speech is absent.

A)Delusions
B)Formal thought disorder
C)Anhedonia
D)Hallucinations
E)Alogia
F)Avolition