Deck 21: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Question 1

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)is released to stimulate thyroid hormone (TH)and is inhibited when plasma levels of TH are adequate.This is an example of:

A) Positive feedback
B) Negative feedback
C) Neural regulation
D) Physiologic regulation

Answer 1

Negative feedback

Question 2

Where is oxytocin synthesized?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Paraventricular nuclei
C) Anterior pituitary
D) Posterior pituitary

Answer 2

Posterior pituitary

Question 3

What is the target tissue for prolactin-releasing factor?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Anterior pituitary
C) Mammary glands
D) Posterior pituitary

Answer 3

Anterior pituitary

Question 4

Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)synthesized,and where does it act?

A) Hypothalamus; renal tubular cells
B) Renal tubules; renal collecting ducts
C) Anterior pituitary; posterior pituitary
D) Posterior pituitary; loop of Henle

Question 5

The portion of the pituitary that secretes oxytocin is:

A) Posterior
B) Inferior
C) Anterior
D) Superior

Question 6

Which mineral is needed for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)to stimulate the secretion of thyroid hormone (TH)?

A) Iron
B) Zinc
C) Iodide
D) Copper

Question 7

Regulation of the release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla is an example of which type of regulation?

A) Negative feedback
B) Positive feedback
C) Neural
D) Physiologic

Question 8

What imbalance lessens the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

A) Increased serum calcium levels
B) Decreased serum magnesium levels
C) Decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone
D) Increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 9

The releasing hormones that are made in the hypothalamus travel to the anterior pituitary via the:

A) Vessels of the zona fasciculata
B) Infundibular stem
C) Hypophyseal stalk
D) Portal hypophyseal blood vessels

Question 10

Which hormone does the second messenger calcium (Ca⁺⁺)bind to activate phospholipase C through a G protein?

A) Angiotensin II
B) Thyroxine
C) Estrogen
D) Testosterone

Question 11

Antidiuretic hormone acts to cause vasoconstriction when:

A) Urine output is less than 20 ml/hr.
B) Serum osmolality is increased.
C) Osmotic and oncotic pressures are increased.
D) Vasopressin is pharmacologically administered.

Question 12

Which hormone triggers uterine contractions?

A) Thyroxine
B) Oxytocin
C) Growth hormone
D) Insulin

Question 13

Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone?

A) Cortisol
B) Oxytocin
C) Epinephrine
D) Growth hormone

Question 14

Most protein hormones are transported in the bloodstream and are:

A) Bound to a lipid-soluble carrier
B) Free in an unbound, water-soluble form
C) Bound to a water soluble-binding protein
D) Free because of their lipid-soluble chemistry

Question 15

How does a faulty negative-feedback mechanism result in a hormonal imbalance?

A) Hormones are not synthesized in response to cellular and tissue activities.
B) Decreased hormonal secretion is a response to rising hormone levels.
C) Too little hormone production is initiated.
D) Excessive hormone production results from a failure to turn off the system.

Question 16

When insulin binds its receptors on muscle cells,an increase in glucose uptake by the muscle cells is the result.This is an example of what type of effect by a hormone?

A) Pharmacologic
B) Permissive
C) Synergistic
D) Direct

Question 17

Which second messenger is stimulated by epinephrine binding to a b-adrenergic receptor?

A) Calcium
B) Inositol triphosphate (IP3)
C) Diacylglycerol (DAG)
D) Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)

Question 18

Which substance is a water-soluble protein hormone?

A) Thyroxine
B) Aldosterone
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone
D) Insulin

Question 19

The control of calcium in cells is important because it:

A) Is controlled by the calcium negative-feedback loop.
B) Is continuously synthesized.
C) Acts as a second messenger.
D) Carries lipid-soluble hormones in the bloodstream.

Question 20

Lipid-soluble hormone receptors are located:

A) Inside the plasma membrane in the cytoplasm
B) On the outer surface of the plasma membrane
C) Inside the mitochondria
D) On the inner surface of the plasma membrane

Question 21

Match the anatomic structure with its hormone.Names of structures may be used more than once.
Epinephrine

A)Anterior pituitary
B)Posterior pituitary
C)Thyroid
D)Adrenal cortex
E)Adrenal medulla

Question 22

Which is an expected hormonal change in an older patient?

A) Thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion below normal
B) Triiodothyronine level below normal
C) Cortisol level below normal
D) Adrenocorticotropic hormone level above normal

Question 23

Which compound or hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla?

A) Cortisol
B) Epinephrine
C) Androgens
D) Aldosterone

Question 24

Which human physiologic system is believed to be an integral factor in unhealthy aging?

A) Cardiac
B) Endocrine
C) Central nervous
D) Urinary

Question 25

Insulin transports which electrolyte in the cell?

A) Potassium
B) Calcium
C) Sodium
D) Phosphorus

Question 26

Match the anatomic structure with its hormone.Names of structures may be used more than once.
Cortisol

A)Anterior pituitary
B)Posterior pituitary
C)Thyroid
D)Adrenal cortex
E)Adrenal medulla

Question 27

The secretion of adrenocorticotropic-stimulating hormone (ACTH)will result in the increased level of which hormone?

A) Thyroxine
B) Insulin
C) Cortisol.
D) Antidiuretic hormone

Question 28

What are the effects of aging on pancreatic cells?

A) Pancreatic cells are replaced by fat cells.
B) Increased insulin production is typical.
C) Beta cell production increases.
D) No appreciable change occurs on pancreatic cells.

Question 29

Match the anatomic structure with its hormone.Names of structures may be used more than once.
Oxytocin

A)Anterior pituitary
B)Posterior pituitary
C)Thyroid
D)Adrenal cortex
E)Adrenal medulla

Question 30

Match the anatomic structure with its hormone.Names of structures may be used more than once.
Glycoproteins

A)Anterior pituitary
B)Posterior pituitary
C)Thyroid
D)Adrenal cortex
E)Adrenal medulla

Question 31

Target cells for parathyroid hormone are located in the:

A) Tubules of nephrons
B) Thyroid gland
C) Glomeruli of nephrons
D) Smooth and skeletal muscles

Question 32

Which hormone inhibits the secretion of growth hormone (GH)?

A) Somatostatin
B) Thyroxine
C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
D) Calcitonin

Question 33

What are actions of glucocorticoids? (Select all that apply.)

A) Decreasing muscle cell reuptake of glucose
B) Fat storage
C) Decreased blood glucose
D) Carbohydrate metabolism
E) Liver gluconeogenesis

Question 34

What effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytes?

A) Increases serum calcium.
B) Decreases serum calcium.
C) Decreases serum magnesium.
D) Increases serum magnesium.

Question 35

Match the anatomic structure with its hormone.Names of structures may be used more than once.
Calcitonin

A)Anterior pituitary
B)Posterior pituitary
C)Thyroid
D)Adrenal cortex
E)Adrenal medulla

Question 36

Aldosterone directly increases the reabsorption of:

A) Magnesium
B) Calcium
C) Sodium
D) Water

Question 37

What is the action of calcitonin?

A) Increases metabolism.
B) Decreases metabolism.
C) Increases serum calcium.
D) Decreases serum calcium.

Question 38

Which hormone is involved in the regulation of serum calcium levels?

A) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
B) Thyroxine (T4)
C) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
D) Triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 39

A person who has experienced physiologic stresses will have increased levels of which hormone?

A) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
B) Thyroid hormone
C) Somatostatin
D) Alpha endorphin