Deck 6: Thermal Energy and Thermodynamics

Question 1

The lowest temperature possible in nature is

A)0°C.
B)-273°C.
C)4 K.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Explain what is meant by saying a thermometer measures its own temperature.

Answer 2

Objects in the same locality will ultimately reach the same temperature when hot things cool and cool things warm. This is what a thermometer does. Thermometers come to thermal equilibrium with their surroundings and display this on their scale.

Question 3

The temperature of boiling water is

A)100°C.
B)212°F.
C)both

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Whether one object is warmer than another object has most to do with

A)molecular kinetic energy.
B)molecular potential energy.
C)heat flow.
D)masses of internal particles.

Question 5

Substances are composed of tiny particles. Temperature is related mostly to the particles'

A)average translational kinetic energy.
B)total kinetic energy.
C)average thermal energy.
D)movement of energy from particle to particle.
E)none of the above

Question 6

The motion of molecules that most affects temperature is

A)translational motion.
B)rotational motion.
C)oscillatory motion.
D)simple harmonic motion.

Question 7

The temperature of melting ice is

A)0°C.
B)32°F.
C)both

Question 8

Absolute zero corresponds to a temperature of

A)0 K.
B)-273° C.
C)both
D)neither

Question 9

The motion of particles that contribute to temperature are

A)translational.
B)rotational.
C)circular.
D)orbital.

Question 10

The fact that a thermometer "takes its own temperature" illustrates

A)thermal equilibrium.
B)energy conservation.
C)the difference between heat and thermal energy.
D)molecules are constantly moving.

Question 11

To say that something is twice as hot as another suggests the hotter thing has

A)twice the thermal energy.
B)twice the absolute temperature.
C)both
D)none of the above

Question 12

When you touch a hot penny in sunlight with your finger, energy flows

A)from your finger to the penny.
B)from the penny to your finger.
C)both ways

Question 13

For each degree a volume of air at 0°C is cooled, its volume

A)shrinks by 1/273.
B)shrinks by 100/273.
C)increases by 1/273.
D)increases by 100/273.

Question 14

Which is the smallest unit of measurement for temperature?

A)one Celsius degree
B)one Kelvin
C)one Fahrenheit degree
D)all are the same

Question 15

When you touch a piece of ice with your finger, energy flows

A)from your finger to the ice.
B)from the ice to your finger.
C)both ways

Question 16

The thermal energy in a substance is related mostly to the

A)average translational kinetic energy of particles.
B)total kinetic energy of particles.
C)average potential energy of particles.
D)movement of energy from particle to particle.
E)none of the above

Question 17

For each degree a volume of air at 0°C is cooled, its pressure

A)decreases by 1/273.
B)decreases by 100/273.
C)increases by 1/273.
D)increases by 100/273.

Question 18

On which temperature scale is 0 degrees the freezing point of water?

A)Celsius
B)Caloric
C)Kelvin
D)Fahrenheit
E)none of the above

Question 19

At absolute zero, a substance has

A)absolutely no molecular motion.
B)no more energy to give up.
C)no volume.
D)all of the above

Question 20

A volume of helium gas has a temperature of 0°C. The same gas twice as hot has a temperature of

A)0°C.
B)2°C.
C)100°C.
D)273°C.
E)none of the above

Question 21

Distinguish between the concepts of thermal energy, temperature, and heat.

Question 22

Thermal energy can be measured in

A)calories.
B)Calories.
C)joules.
D)any or all of the above for special cases

Question 23

Place a 1-kg iron block at 40°C into 1 kg of water at 20°C and the final temperature becomes

A)less than 30°C.
B)at or about 30°C.
C)more than 30°C.

Question 24

The temperature of water rises when 2.00 calories are added. It will rise the same when

A)4.19 J are added.
B)8.38 J are added.
C)83.4 J are added.

Question 25

Heat is thermal energy that matter

A)contains.
B)transfers.
C)both
D)none of the above

Question 26

A nutritionist in the United States measures the food energy in units of

A)calories.
B)Calories.
C)joules.
D)none of the above

Question 27

Heat is thermal energy that flows due to

A)molecular activity.
B)calorie imbalance.
C)temperature differences.

Question 28

If the same quantity of heat is added to both a 2-liter and a 4-liter container of water, the temperature change for water in the 4-liter container will be

A)half that of the 2-liter container.
B)more than half but less than twice.
C)twice that of the 2-liter container.
D)no change.

Question 29

Heat is simply another word for

A)temperature.
B)thermal energy.
C)thermal energy that flows from hot to cold.
D)radiant energy.

Question 30

Increasing the temperature of 50 grams of water by 1°C requires

A)1 calorie.
B)50 calories.
C)none of the above

Question 31

Compared to a giant iceberg, a hot cup of coffee has

A)more thermal energy and higher temperature.
B)higher temperature, but less thermal energy.
C)a greater specific heat capacity and more thermal energy.
D)none of the above

Question 32

Heat energy is measured in units of

A)degrees.
B)joules.
C)calories.
D)both joules and calories.

Question 33

If a room is cold it is due to a

A)presence of cold air.
B)lack of adequate thermal energy.
C)low air pressure.

Question 34

A piece of iron and a cup of water both have the same temperature. If they are heated so the thermal energy of each doubles,

A)the water will have the higher temperature.
B)the iron will have the higher temperature.
C)both will have the same temperature.
D)not enough information

Question 35

Which law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the conservation of energy as it applies to thermal systems?

A)first law
B)second law
C)third law
D)all of the above

Question 36

Pour a liter of 40°C water at into a liter of 20°C water and the final temperature of the two liters becomes

A)less than 30°C.
B)at or about 30°C.
C)more than 30°C.

Question 37

Heat is thermal energy that flows from

A)hot to cold.
B)high energy to low energy.
C)high thermal pressure to low thermal pressure.
D)all of the above

Question 38

If the same quantity of heat is added to both a 1-liter and a 2-liter container of water, the temperature change of water in the 1-liter container will be

A)half.
B)more than half but less than twice.
C)twice.
D)none.

Question 39

The white-hot sparks from a fireworks sparkler that strike your skin don't cause injury because

A)they have a low temperature.
B)the energy per molecule is very low.
C)the energy per molecule is high, but the total energy transferred is small.

Question 40

A volume of helium gas has a temperature of 10°C. The same gas twice as hot has a temperature of

A)10°C.
B)12°C.
C)283°C.
D)293°C.
E)none of the above

Question 41

Which will cool faster when taken from a furnace?

A)iron
B)silver
C)the same

Question 42

The filling of a hot apple pie is hotter than the crust due to

A)water in the filling that better retains thermal energy.
B)uneven temperatures.
C)high conductivity of apples.

Question 43

Which law of thermodynamics addresses the direction of heat flow?

A)first law
B)second law
C)third law
D)all of the above

Question 44

When work is done on a system and no heat is added, the temperature of the system

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains unchanged.

Question 45

As entropy in a system increases, energy within the system

A)becomes more ordered.
B)becomes less ordered.
C)reaches equilibrium.
D)moves toward destruction.

Question 46

As a system becomes more disordered, entropy

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains the same.

Question 47

Suppose you rapidly stir some raw eggs with an egg beater. The temperature of the eggs will

A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)remain unchanged.

Question 48

A substance that heats up relatively quickly has a

A)high specific heat capacity.
B)low specific heat capacity.
C)high or low specific heat capacity.

Question 49

Your room gets messier day by day. In this case entropy is

A)increasing.
B)decreasing.
C)hanging steady.
D)none of the above

Question 50

San Francisco has milder winters than Washington D.C. due to water's high

A)conductivity.
B)specific heat capacity.
C)temperature in the Pacific Ocean.

Question 51

More disorder means

A)more entropy.
B)no real change in entropy.
C)less entropy.

Question 52

Because a refrigerator operates with some kind of motor, leaving the refrigerator door open in a closed room on a hot day

A)increases room temperature.
B)decreases room temperature.
C)doesn't affect room temperature.

Question 53

Which law of thermodynamics states that no system can reach absolute zero?

A)first law
B)second law
C)third law
D)all of the above

Question 54

Entropy is most closely related to the

A)first law of thermodynamics.
B)second law of thermodynamics.
C)both
D)neither

Question 55

When you place a sealed can of air on a hot stove burner, the can undergoes an increase in

A)thermal energy.
B)temperature.
C)pressure.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 56

When work is done by a system and no heat is added, the temperature of the system

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains unchanged.

Question 57

The moderate temperatures of islands throughout the world has mainly to do with water's

A)poor conductivity.
B)vast supply of thermal energy.
C)high specific heat capacity.
D)high evaporation rate.
E)absorption of solar energy.

Question 58

To say that water has a high specific heat capacity is to say that water

A)requires a lot of energy for an increase in temperature.
B)releases a lot of energy in cooling.
C)absorbs a lot of energy for an increase in temperature.
D)all of the above

Question 59

Which of the following normally warms up faster when heat is applied?

A)water
B)iron
C)glass
D)wood

Question 60

The direction of natural processes is from states of

A)higher order to lower order.
B)lower order to higher order.
C)disorganization to organization.
D)imbalance to equilibrium.

Question 61

What would be the temperature of a mixture of 50 g of 20°C water and 50 g of 40°C water?

A)25°C
B)28°C
C)30°C
D)32°C
E)34°C

Question 62

As a hot iron ring cools, the diameter of the hole

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains the same.

Question 63

What would be the temperature of 40.0 g of 22°C water mixed with 60.0 g of 80°C water?

A)28.4°C
B)30.2°C
C)50.6°C
D)56.8°C

Question 64

If glass expanded more than mercury, then the column of mercury in a thermometer would rise when the temperature

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)neither

Question 65

What would be the temperature of 50 g of 20°C water mixed with 80 g of 40°C water?

A)24.6°C
B)26.9°C
C)27.6°C
D)28.3°C

Question 66

The usefulness of a bimetallic strip is due to differences in

A)expansions of metals.
B)conductivities of metals.
C)heat capacities of metals.

Question 67

When an iron ring is heated, the hole becomes

A)smaller.
B)larger.
C)neither

Question 68

If water had a lower specific heat capacity, would ponds and lakes be more or less likely to freeze in winter?

Question 69

Hot sand cools off faster at night than plants and vegetation, which indicates that the specific heat capacity for sand is

A)less than that for plants.
B)more than that for plants.
C)likely the same as that for plants.
D)not enough information

Question 70

When a bimetallic bar composed of copper and iron strips is heated, the bar bends toward the iron strip because

A)iron gets hotter before copper.
B)copper gets hotter before iron.
C)copper expands more than iron.
D)iron expands more than copper.
E)none of the above

Question 71

Place a kilogram block of iron at 40°C into a kilogram of water at 20°C and the final temperature of the two becomes

A)less than 30°C.
B)at or about 30°C.
C)more than 30°C.

Question 72

Which of the following contracts most when the temperature is slightly increased? Equal volumes of

A)iron.
B)wood.
C)ice water.
D)helium.
E)none of the above contract when heated

Question 73

A pre-electronic thermostat employs a coiled

A)wire of low conductivity.
B)bimetallic strip.
C)tube of mercury.

Question 74

Some molecules are able to absorb large amounts of energy in the form of internal vibrations and rotations. Materials composed of such molecules have

A)low specific heat capacities.
B)high specific heat capacities.
C)none of the above

Question 75

Which of the following expands most when the temperature is increased? Equal volumes of

A)iron.
B)wood.
C)ice water.
D)helium.
E)all expand the same

Question 76

The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has a

A)low specific heat capacity.
B)high specific heat capacity.
C)none of the above

Question 77

The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than twice that of copper. Place equal masses of aluminum and copper wire in a flame and the wire to heat up quickest will be

A)copper.
B)aluminum.
C)both the same

Question 78

If the specific heat capacity of water were lower than it is, ponds in the cold of winter would be

A)more likely to freeze.
B)less likely to freeze.
C)neither more nor less likely to freeze.

Question 79

Which of the following contracts most when the temperature is decreased? Equal volumes of

A)iron.
B)wood.
C)water.
D)helium.
E)all contract the same

Question 80

Which of the following expands most when the temperature is lowered? Equal volumes of

A)iron.
B)wood.
C)helium.
D)water at 4°C.
E)none expand when the temperature is lowered