Deck 10: Thermal Physics

Question 1

What is the temperature of a system in thermal equilibrium with another system made up of ice and water at one atmosphere of pressure?

A)0°F
B)273 K
C)0 K
D)100°C

Answer 1

273 K

Question 2

Arrange the temperatures 40 ºF,40 ºC,and 40 K from highest to lowest.

A)40 ºF,40 ºC,40 K
B)40 ºC,40 K,40 ºF
C)40 ºF,40 K,40 ºC
D)40 ºC,40 ºF,40 K

Answer 2

40 ºC,40 ºF,40 K

Question 3

What is the temperature of a system in thermal equilibrium with another system made up of water and steam at one atmosphere of pressure?

A)0°F
B)273 K
C)0 K
D)100°C

Answer 3

100°C

Question 4

An interval of one Celsius degree is equivalent to an interval of:

A)one Fahrenheit degree.
B)one kelvin.
C)5/9 Fahrenheit degree.
D)5/9 kelvin.

Question 5

A temperature change from 35°C to 55°C corresponds to what incremental change in °F?

A)20
B)95
C)36
D)​131
E)​68

Question 6

The pressure in a constant-volume gas thermometer extrapolates to zero at what temperature?

A)0°C
B)0 K
C)0°F
D)0 Pa

Question 7

​What is -25°F in kelvin?

A)​241.48 K
B)​259.26 K
C)​228.15 K
D)​286.89 K

Question 8

If it is given that 635 K equals 362°C,then it follows that 902 K equals​

A)629°C.
B)1 175°C.
C)​514°C.
D)​650°C.
E)​640°C.

Question 9

​The Rankine temperature scale has Fahrenheit degrees and a zero point at absolute zero.What is the Fahrenheit temperature of 62 Rankine?

A)​-397.7 °F
B)​111.6 °F
C)​211.2 °F
D)​-238.7 °F

Question 10

At what temperature is the same numerical value obtained in Celsius and Fahrenheit?

A)−40°
B)0°
C)40°
D)−72°

Question 11

Which best describes a system made up of ice,water and steam existing together?

A)absolute zero
B)triple point
C)ice point
D)steam point

Question 12

A temperature of 100 K equals which of the following?

A)373°C
B)173°C
C)-279°F
D)279°F
E)​-639°F

Question 13

Normal body temperature for humans is 37°C.What is this temperature in kelvins?

A)296
B)310
C)393
D)273

Question 14

Which of the following properties can be used to measure temperature?

A)the color of a glowing object
B)the length of a solid
C)the volume of gas held at constant pressure
D)all of the above

Question 15

A substance is heated from 23°C to 45°C.What would the same incremental change be when registered in kelvins?

A)22
B)71.6
C)295
D)34
E)28

Question 16

Carbon dioxide forms into a solid (dry ice)at approximately −157°F.What temperature in degrees Celsius does this correspond to?

A)−157°C
B)−93°C
C)−121°C
D)−105°C

Question 17

The zeroth law of thermodynamics pertains to what relational condition that may exist between two systems?

A)zero net forces
B)zero velocities
C)zero temperature
D)thermal equilibrium

Question 18

Which best describes the relationship between two systems in thermal equilibrium?

A)no net energy is exchanged
B)volumes are equal
C)masses are equal
D)zero velocity

Question 19

78°F is how many degrees Celsius?

A)26
B)172
C)34
D)18
E)51

Question 20

The observation that materials expand in size with an increase in temperature can be applied to what proportion of existing substances?

A)100%
B)most
C)few
D)none

Question 21

Which best expresses the value for the coefficient of volume expansion,β,for given material as a function of its corresponding coefficient of linear expansion,α?

A)β = α³
B)β = 3α
C)β = α²
D)β = 2α

Question 22

A steel plate has a hole drilled through it.The plate is put into a furnace and heated.What happens to the size of the inside diameter of a hole as its temperature increases?

A)increases
B)decreases
C)remains constant
D)becomes elliptical

Question 23

A brass cube,15.0 cm on a side,is raised in temperature by 170°C.The coefficient of volume expansion of brass is 57 × 10−⁶/C°.By what percentage does volume increase?

A)33%
B)1.4%
C)1.0%
D)3.4%
E)2.81%

Question 24

What happens to a given volume of water when heated from 0°C to 4°C?

A)density increases
B)density decreases
C)density remains constant
D)vaporizes

Question 25

At 22.0°C an aluminum ring has an inner diameter of 7.000 cm,and a brass rod has a diameter of 7.090 cm.Keeping the brass rod at 22.0°C,which of the following temperatures of the ring will allow the ring to just slip over the brass rod? (α_Al = 2.4 × 10−⁵ /C°,α_brass = 1.9 × 10−⁵/C°)

A)536°C
B)418°C
C)190°C
D)558°C
E)725°C

Question 26

A rectangular steel plate with dimensions of 40.0 cm × 30.0 cm is heated from 14.0°C to 164.0°C.What is its change in area? (Coefficient of linear expansion for steel is 11 × 10−⁶/C°. )

A)8.96 cm²
B)29.7 cm²
C)3.96 cm²
D)1.32 cm²
E)9.90 cm²

Question 27

Between 0° and 4°C,the volume coefficient of expansion for water

A)is positive.
B)is zero.
C)is becoming less dense.
D)is negative.

Question 28

The thermal expansion of a solid is caused by

A)the breaking of bonds between atoms.
B)increasing the amplitude of the atoms vibration.
C)increasing the distance between equilibrium positions for the vibrating atoms.
D)all of the above.

Question 29

A steel wire,86.0 m long at 21°C,has a coefficient of linear expansion of 11 × 10−⁶/C°.Give its change in length as the temperature changes from 21°C to 36°C.

A)2.0 cm
B)3.4 cm
C)1.4 cm
D)0.21 cm
E)6.3 cm

Question 30

A long steel beam has a length of twenty-eight meters on a cold day when the temperature is 0°C.What is the length of the beam on a hot day when T = 39°C? (α_steel = 1.1 × 10−⁵/C°)

A)28.009 m
B)28.015 m
C)28.012 m
D)28.036 m
E)​28.004 m

Question 31

The coefficient of area expansion is

A)half the coefficient of volume expansion.
B)three halves the coefficient of volume expansion.
C)double the coefficient of linear expansion.
D)triple the coefficient of linear expansion.

Question 32

Metal lids on glass jars can often be loosened by running them under hot water.Why is this?

A)The hot water is a lubricant.
B)The metal and glass expand due to the heating,and the glass being of smaller radius expands less than the metal.
C)The metal has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than glass so the metal expands more than the glass thus loosening the connection.
D)This is just folklore.

Question 33

What happens to a volume of water when its temperature is reduced from 8°C to 4°C?

A)density increases
B)density decreases
C)density remains constant
D)vaporizes

Question 34

An automobile gas tank is filled to its capacity of 22.0 gallons with the gasoline at an initial temperature of 15.6°C.The automobile is parked in the Sun causing the gasoline's temperature to rise to 73.6°C.If the coefficient of volume expansion for gasoline is 9.60 × 10−⁴/C°,what volume runs out the overflow tube? Assume the change in volume of the tank is negligible.

A)0.329 gallons
B)1.55 gallons
C)1.22 gallons
D)1.53 gallons
E)0.919 gallons

Question 35

What happens to a given mass of water as it is cooled from 4°C to zero?

A)expands
B)contracts
C)vaporizes
D)Neither expands,contracts,nor vaporizes.

Question 36

A pipe of length 10.0 m increases in length by 1.5 cm when its temperature is increased by 72°F.What is its coefficient of linear expansion?

A)38 × 10−⁶/°C
B)75 × 10−⁶/°C
C)68 × 10−⁶/°C
D)28 × 10−⁶/°C
E)47 × 10−⁶/°C

Question 37

As a copper wire is heated,its length increases by 0.50%.What is the change of the temperature of the wire? (α_Cu = 16.6 × 10−⁶/C°)

A)83.0°C
B)301°C
C)60.2°C
D)226°C
E)377°C

Question 38

A material has a coefficient of volume expansion of 40 × 10−⁶/°C.What is its area coefficient of expansion?

A)20 × 10−⁶/°C
B)27 × 10−⁶/°C
C)80 × 10−⁶/°C
D)60 × 10−⁶/°C
E)13 × 10−⁶/°C

Question 39

A brass cube,13.0 cm on a side,is raised in temperature by 239°C.The coefficient of volume expansion of brass is 57 × 10−⁶/C°.By what percentage is any one of the 13.0-cm edges increased in length?

A)0.34%
B)5.9%
C)0.45%
D)1.8%
E)4.3%

Question 40

At room temperature,the coefficient of linear expansion for Pyrex glass is ____ that for ordinary glass.

A)the same as
B)more than
C)less than
D)stronger than

Question 41

​Boris completely filled a 2.5-liter container with gasoline at a temperature of 20°C.He then left the gasoline in a storage locker where the temperature reached 38°C.The lid of the container was not screwed on tightly,so gasoline was able to leak out and evaporate.Boris uses the gas in his scooter,which gets 35 km/liter.How far could Boris have ridden his scooter using the lost gas? (gasoline = 9.6 × 10^-4/°C)

A)​4.7 m
B)​43 m
C)​1.5 km
D)​180 km

Question 42

The ideal gas law treats gas as consisting of

A)atoms.
B)molecules.
C)chemicals.
D)bubbles.

Question 43

Avogadro's number is related to the universal gas constant R and the number of moles n by:

A)N_A = Rn
B)N_A = R/n
C)N_A = n/R
D)Avogadro's number cannot be related to these two quantities alone.

Question 44

​A sample of water,H₂O,has a mass of 38.0g) How many atoms of oxygen are in the sample? (oxygen has 16.0 g/mol,hydrogen has 1.00 g/mol,and N_A = 6.02 × 10²³)

A)​3.34 × 10²²
B)​5.35 × 10²³
C)​1.27 × 10²⁴
D)​2.29 × 10²⁵

Question 45

An ideal gas is confined to a container with adjustable volume.The number of moles and temperature are constant.By what factor will the volume change if pressure triples?

A)1/9
B)1/3
C)3
D)9

Question 46

An ideal gas is confined to a container with adjustable volume.The pressure and mole number are constant.By what factor will volume change if absolute temperature triples?

A)1/9
B)1/3
C)3
D)9

Question 47

What is the mass of a mole of oxygen gas?

A)8.0 g
B)16 g
C)24 g
D)32 g

Question 48

A steel sphere sits on top of an aluminum ring.The steel sphere (α = 1.10 × 10−⁵/C°)has a diameter of 8 000 cm at 0°C.The aluminum ring (α = 2.40 × 10−⁵/C°)has an inside diameter of 7 991 cm at 0°C.Closest to which temperature given will the sphere just fall through the ring?

A)47°C
B)102°C
C)87°C
D)108°C
E)65°C

Question 49

Two moles of nitrogen gas are contained in an enclosed cylinder with a movable piston.If the molecular mass of nitrogen is 28.0,how many grams of nitrogen are present?

A)0.140
B)56.0
C)42.0
D)112

Question 50

Which law is for a quantity of gas held at constant volume?

A)Boyle's law
B)Charles's law
C)Gay-Lussac's law
D)Avogadro's law

Question 51

With volume and molar quantity held constant,by what factor does the absolute temperature change for an ideal gas when the pressure is five times bigger?

A)1/5
B)1
C)5
D)25

Question 52

What is the mass of 2 moles of carbon dioxide?

A)88 g
B)80 g
C)64 g
D)56 g

Question 53

The value 1.38 × 10−²³ J/K is known as:

A)the universal gas constant.
B)Boltzmann's constant.
C)Avogadro's number.
D)the molar specific.

Question 54

The length of a 25-m wire increases by 0.25 cm when it is heated from 20°C to 90°C.What is the coefficient of linear expansion of the wire?

A)1.43 × 10^-6/ºC
B)1.43 × 10^-4/ºC
C)8.93 × 10^-4/ºC
D)8.93 × 10^-2/ºC

Question 55

What thermodynamic quantity is held constant in Boyle's law?

A)pressure
B)volume
C)temperature
D)Both pressure and volume are each held constant.

Question 56

In the relationship ΔP ∝ ΔT ,what scale is used for temperature?

A)Fahrenheit
B)Celsius
C)Kelvin
D)Both Celsius and Kelvin may be used since the degree size is the same for both.

Question 57

An ideal gas is confined to a container with constant volume.The number of moles is constant.By what factor will the pressure change if the absolute temperature triples?

A)1/9
B)1/3
C)3
D)9

Question 58

Suppose the ends of a 27-m-long steel beam are rigidly clamped at 0°C to prevent expansion.The rail has a cross-sectional area of 35 cm².What force does the beam exert when it is heated to 39°C? (α_steel = 1.1 × 10−⁵/C°,Y_steel = 2.0 × 10¹¹ N/m²).

A)3.0E+5 N
B)1.2E+3 N
C)1.7E+3 N
D)2.3E+2 N
E)​7.5E+4 N

Question 59

What happens to its moment of inertia when a steel disk is heated?

A)It increases.
B)It decreases.
C)It stays the same.
D)It increases for half the temperature increase and then decreases for the rest of the temperature increase.

Question 60

With molar quantity and temperature held constant,by what factor does the pressure of an ideal gas change when the volume is five times bigger?

A)1/5
B)1
C)5
D)25

Question 61

Different units can be used for length: m and cm,and of these two,m is the larger by a factor of 100.Different units can also be used for R:
(1)J/mol⋅K,
(2)L⋅atm/mol⋅K,and
(3)(N/m²)⋅m³/mol⋅K.
Which of these units for R is the largest? Hint: When expressing R in each of these units,which expression has the lowest numerical factor? (1 L = 10−³ m³,1 atm = 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa)

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)They are all equal.

Question 62

Two one-liter containers each contain 10 moles of a gas.The temperature is the same in both containers.Container A holds helium (molecular mass = 4 u),and Container B holds oxygen (molecular mass = 16 u).Which container has the higher pressure and by what factor?

A)Container A has 4 times the pressure of Container B.
B)Container A has 2 times the pressure of Container B.
C)Both containers have the same pressure.
D)More information is needed to answer this question.

Question 63

13.0 g of water in a 3.25-L pressure vessel is heated to 480°C.What is the pressure inside the container? (R = 0.082 L⋅atm/mol⋅K,one mole of water has a mass of 18 grams)

A)24.7 atm
B)13.7 atm
C)8.75 atm
D)15.7 atm
E)19.8 atm

Question 64

One way to heat a gas is to compress it.A gas at 3.0 atm at 27°C is compressed to three tenths of its original volume,and it reaches 35 atm pressure.What is its new temperature?

A)186 K
B)95°C
C)1 050°C
D)777°C
E)389 K

Question 65

The gas,C₃H₈,is used in outside grills,and several moles of this gas will burn during an afternoon's grilling.What is the mass of one molecule of this gas?

A)4.4 × 10^-23 g
B)7.3 × 10^-23 kg
C)7.3 × 10^-26 kg
D)8.8 × 10^-26 kg

Question 66

One mole of an ideal gas at 1.00 atm and 0.00°C occupies 22.4 L.How many molecules of an ideal gas are in one cubic centimeters under these conditions?

A)6.72E+24
B)2.24E+4
C)2.69E+0
D)6.02E+23
E)3.72E+20

Question 67

Tricia puts 5.30 g of dry ice (solid CO₂)into a 4.00-L container and seals the top.The dry ice turns to gas at room temperature (20.0°C).Find the pressure increase in the 4.00-L container.(One mole of CO₂ has a mass of 5.30 g,R = 0.082 1 L⋅atm/mol⋅K.Ignore the initial volume of the dry ice. )

A)24.0 atm
B)6.01 atm
C)0.318 atm
D)11.2 atm
E)2.17 atm

Question 68

The volume holding 0.63 mole of an ideal gas is compressed to 1/4 of its original volume by a piston.At the same time the pressure of the gas triples.If the original absolute temperature of the gas was T,that is the new temperature after compression?

A)4/3T
B)3/4T
C)0.63(3/4T)
D)0.63(4/3T)

Question 69

A pressure of 3.00 × 10−⁷ mm of Hg is achieved in a vacuum system.How many gas molecules are present per liter volume if the temperature is 298 K? (760 mm of Hg = 1 atm,R = 0.082 1 L⋅atm/mol⋅K,and N_A = 6.02 × 10²³)

A)6.5E+10
B)8.6E+16
C)9.7E+12
D)1.8E+9
E)​5.7E+14

Question 70

A helium-filled weather balloon has a 0.50-m radius at liftoff where air pressure is 1.00 atm and the temperature is 290 K.When airborne,the temperature is 200 K,and its radius expands to 2.00 m.What is the pressure at the airborne location?

A)0.0227 atm
B)0.172 atm
C)0.0108 atm
D)44.1 atm

Question 71

The sulfur hexafluoride molecule consists of one sulfur atom and six fluorine atoms.The atomic masses of sulfur and fluorine are 32.0 u and 19.00 u,respectively.What mass does one mole of this gas have?

A)32.0 g
B)51.0 g
C)146 g
D)608 g

Question 72

For a quantity of ideal gas,which of the following is constant?

A)PTV
B)P/TV
C)PT/V
D)PV/T

Question 73

Estimate the volume of a helium-filled balloon at STP if it is to lift a payload of 450 kg.The density of air is 1.29 kg/m³ and helium has a density of 0.178 kg/m³.

A)2 500 m³
B)310 m³
C)410 m³
D)350 m³
E)500 m³

Question 74

Boltzmann's constant,k_B,may be derived as a function of R,the universal gas constant,and N_A,Avogadro's number.Which expresses the value of k_B?

A)N_AR²
B)N_AR
C)R/N_A
D)N_A/R

Question 75

How many moles of air must escape from a 15.0-m × 9.0-m × 6.0-m room when the temperature is raised from 10.0°C to 20.0°C? Assume the pressure remains unchanged at one atmosphere while the room is heated.(R = 8.31 J/mol⋅K)

A)4.9E+3 moles
B)1.2E+3 moles
C)2.2E+2 moles
D)7.9E+2 moles
E)5.0E+3 moles

Question 76

How many molecules are there in 14 grams of nitrogen gas?

A)N_A/2
B)N_A
C)2 N_A
D)The answer is not given.

Question 77

A 2.00-L container holds half a mole of an ideal gas at a pressure of 12.0 atm.What is the gas temperature? (R = 0.082 1 L⋅atm/mol⋅K)

A)292 K
B)438 K
C)731 K
D)585 K
E)365 K

Question 78

A room has a volume of 50 m³ and is filled with air of an average molecular mass of 29 u.What is the mass of the air in the room at a pressure of 1.0 atm and temperature of 26°C? R = 0.082 L⋅atm/mol⋅K

A)180 kg
B)42 kg
C)59 kg
D)30 kg
E)23 kg

Question 79

Two moles of nitrogen gas are contained in an enclosed cylinder with a movable piston.If the gas temperature is 250 K,and the pressure is 1.10 × 10⁶ N/m²,what is the volume? (R = 8.31 J/mol⋅K)

A)1.89 × 10−³ m³
B)3.78 × 10−³ m³
C)4.72 × 10−³ m³
D)7.55 × 10−³ m³
E)2.83 × 10−³ m³

Question 80

Suppose the pressure of 20 g of an ideal monatomic gas is tripled while its volume is halved.What happens to the internal energy of the gas?

A)It stays the same,as the described changes do not involve internal energy.
B)It increases.
C)It decreases.
D)This depends on the molecular weight of the gas involved,thus this is indeterminate.