Deck 9: Health and Toxic Substances

Question 1

12.The toxic effects of fluorine are primarily

A)as a systemic poison
B)as a depressant
C)as an irritant
D)as a carcinogen

Answer 1

A

Question 2

6.Which of the following is a dangerous gas associated with the exposure of chlorinated hydrocarbons to welding radiation?

A)hydrogen cyanide
B)hydrogen sulfide
C)chlorine
D)phosgene

Answer 2

D

Question 3

13.Carbon disulfide is a systemic poison.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

8.Corrosive action on the nasal septum is most associated with which of the following air contaminants?
a.ammonia
b.chromic acid
c.phosgene
d.oxides of nitrogen

Question 5

10.The toxic effects of bromine are primarily

A)as a systemic poison
B)as a depressant
C)as an irritant
D)as a carcinogen

Question 6

1.Name five pneumoconioses and identify their causes.

Question 7

16.Name at least three modes of toxicity for benzene.

Question 8

20.Which of the following classifications of toxic substances primarily attacks the species,rather than the individual?

A)teratogens
B)mutagens
C)systemic poisons
D)endemic agents

Question 9

3.What distinguishing effect do irritants have upon the body?

Question 10

9.The toxic effects of halogens are primarily

A)as systemic poisons
B)as depressants
C)as irritants
D)as carcinogens

Question 11

11.The toxic effects of chlorine are primarily

A)as a systemic poison
B)as a depressant
C)as an irritant
D)as a carcinogen

Question 12

18.The primary effect of hydrogen cyanide upon the body is as

A)an asphyxiant
B)a systemic poison
C)a carcinogen
D)a depressant

Question 13

5.What extremely dangerous gas can be produced when solvents and degreasers are exposed to welding radiation?

Question 14

7.Which of the following is a dangerous gas associated with the exposure of solvents and degreasers to welding radiation?

A)hydrogen cyanide
B)hydrogen sulfide
C)chlorine
D)phosgene

Question 15

14.Which of the following useful chemicals is a solvent,disinfectant,and insecticide,but unfortunately is also a systemic poison?

A)carbon disulfide
B)chlorine
C)sodium hydroxide
D)hydrogen sulfide

Question 16

4.What extremely dangerous gas can be produced when chlorinated hydrocarbons are exposed to welding radiation?

Question 17

17.Benzene has which of the following effects upon the body?

A)irritant
B)systemic poison
C)depressant
D)all of the above

Question 18

Name five chemical irritants.

Question 19

19.Which of the following substances is known as a teratogen?

A)hydrogen sulfide
B)vinyl chloride
C)acetylene
D)MAPP gas

Question 20

15.The toxic effects of acetylene are primarily as

A)an irritant
B)a systemic poison
C)a carcinogen
D)a depressant

Question 21

34.Explain the standards completion project.

Question 22

30.Name two analytic tools used by the chemical engineer to determine whether air contaminant potentials are present in a process.

Question 23

21.A well-known agent is extremely hazardous as a monomer but is virtually harmless as a polymer.What is this agent?

Question 24

What is a teratogen?

Question 25

28.Which concentration is usually higher,AL or PEL?

Question 26

24.Which of the following is not a particulate?

A)fumes
B)vapors
C)dusts
D)mists

Question 27

39.At first,OSHA emphasized safety more than health.

Question 28

27.Name the two types of flow process charts chemical engineers use to detect the origin of leaks of toxic contaminants to the atmosphere surrounding a process.

Question 29

22.Describe a way in which a toxic substance can be indirectly ingested into the body.

Question 30

26.Which of the following is an OSHA-enforced concentration level for an airborne contaminant?

A)TLV
B)PEL
C)CAS
D)ACGIH

Question 31

37.In which of the following types of workers would you be most likely to find the nose septum completely destroyed?

A)cement worker
B)plating worker
C)steel worker
D)asbestos worker

Question 32

38.Ammonia is primarily which of the following types of air contaminants?

A)irritant
B)systemic poison
C)depressant
D)asphyxiant

Question 33

32.From what two perspectives is the impact of health hazards significant?

Question 34

41.Which of the following is recognized as a leukemia hazard?

A)methane
B)carbon disulfide
C)benzene
D)hydrogen cyanide

Question 35

31.The proportion of health specialists in OSHA has increased since the early 1970s.

Question 36

33.Appendix A.1 lists "Copper fumes" as having a TWA limit of .1 mg/m³.The corresponding PEL in the ppm column is blank.Explain why no ppm PEL is available for copper fumes.

Question 37

29.Consider the following observed concentrations of air contaminants:
TWA PEL
Isopropyl ether 200 ppm 500 ppm
Ethyl benzene 40 ppm 100 ppm
Chlorobenzene 25 ppm 75 ppm
Chlorobromomethane 50 ppm 200 ppm
Perform calculations to determine whether this atmosphere exceeds the PEL,the AL,or both.

Question 38

23.What term describes gases that are normally liquids or solids?

Question 39

36.An irritant whose effects upon the lung are minimal at first but whose irritant mechanical action shows up much later is called

A)scarring agent
B)teratogen
C)mutagen
D)systemic poison

Question 40

40.Early methods for testing contamination of the atmosphere,using a canary or a mouse,were used for testing which kind of exposure,acute or chronic?

Question 41

Air contaminant tests reveal the following concentrations over an 8-hr shift.(All values in ppm):
$\begin{array}{|l|c|c|c|c|}\hline & \begin{array}{c}(\mathrm{PEL}=150) \\\text { Isobutyl } \\\text { acetate }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}(\mathrm{PEL}=1000) \\\text { Ethyl } \\\text { Chloride }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}(\mathrm{PEL}=300) \\\text { Cyclohexane }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { (PEL=25) } \\\text { Diethylamine }\end{array} \\\hline 8: 00-9: 00 \mathrm{am} & 15 & 400 & 200 & 20 \\\hline 9: 00-11: 00 \mathrm{am} & 10 & 200 & 100 & 10 \\\hline 11: 00-1: 00 \mathrm{pm} & 10 & 300 & 150 & 10 \\\hline 1: 00-4: 00 \mathrm{pm} & 5 & 100 & 50 & 5 \\\hline \hline\end{array}$ Show all calculations to justify your answers to the following:
a.Is the PEL for any individual substance exceeded?
b.Is the AL for any individual substance exceeded?
c.Is the PEL for the mixture exceeded?
d.Is the AL for the mixture exceeded?

Question 42

48.Pneumoconiosis

A)is "dust disease of the lungs."
B)is a bloodborne pathogen.
C)acts more as a mutagen than a teratogen.
D)is expected to occur whenever air contaminants exceed the PEL.

Question 43

46.A plant's atmosphere has the following concentrations of contaminants for the times shown:PRIVATE
Perform all calculations to determine whether action levels and PELs for the contaminants and their mixture are exceeded.SHOW YOUR CALCULATIONS.

Question 44

43.Which of the molecular structures shown has been identified as a dangerous carcinogen?

Question 45

44.Chronic inhalation of which of the following molecular structures has been identified with angiosarcoma?

Question 46

50.In the context of occupational safety and health standards,identify each of the following terms (write out what the letters represent)and then explain the purpose of each.Explain how each term relates to others in the list.

Question 47

54.How many nanometers are equivalent to a micrometer?

Question 48

55.What is the length to diameter ratio of a carbon nanotube?

Question 49

51.Which of the following is subject to periodic updating or changes as published by the American Council of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)?

A)TLVs
B)PELs
C)Als
D)STELs

Question 50

42.Which of the following is not a simple asphyxiant?

A)methane
B)argon
C)helium
D)carbon monoxide

Question 51

49.Give a simple definition for the term "pneumoconiosis." The text identified seven different types of pneumoconisis.Name three of these seven "oses," and for the three you have selected,identify the cause of each.

Question 52

47.A hand-operated bellows pump would likely be used to

A)gather test samples for a detector tube
B)perform calibration of breathing apparatus
C)find the flashpoint of unknown liquids
D)assist in CPR

Question 53

52.Explain the difference between a dosimeter and a direct-reading instrument.

Question 54

56.Why are scientists concerned about the relationship of carbon nanotubes to asbestos fibers?

Question 55

53.A process engineer proposes a new solvent that will reduce the quantities required by the process and significantly reduce the quantities of solvent vapors released to the air inside the plant.The new solvent is trichloroethylene and it is expected to reduce the solvent vapors absorbed into the plant air by 20% by volume as compared to the old solvent (Stoddard solvent).You are called in as a Certified Safety Professional to evaluate the proposed change to the process.Do you support the proposed process change? Explain your position.