Deck 5: Inventories and Cost of Sales

Question 1

Whether purchase costs are rising or falling,FIFO always will yield the highest gross profit and net income.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Incidental costs for acquiring merchandise inventory,such as import duties,freight,storage,and insurance,should not be added to the cost of inventory.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The cost of an inventory item includes its invoice cost minus any discount,plus any added or incidental costs necessary to put it in a place and condition for sale.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The LIFO method of inventory costing best matches current costs with revenues.

Question 5

The weighted average method matches the costs of inventory items with the revenue generated by the sale of the inventory items.

Question 6

The choice of costing method will impact both the balance sheet and income statement.

Question 7

Goods on consignment are goods shipped by their owner,called the consignor,to another party called the consignee.The consignee sells goods for the owner.

Question 8

FIFO is preferred when purchase costs are rising and managers have incentives to report higher income for reasons such as bonus plans,job security,and reputation.

Question 9

If obsolete or damaged goods can be sold,they will be included in inventory at their original cost.

Question 10

One application of internal control when taking a physical count of inventory is the use of pre-numbered inventory tickets.

Question 11

Most companies do not take a physical count of inventory each year,but rather rely on inventory records to determine the inventory value.

Question 12

An advantage of FIFO is that it assigns the most recent costs to cost of goods sold,and does a better job of matching current costs with revenues on the income statement.

Question 13

If the seller is responsible for paying freight charges,then ownership of inventory passes when goods arrive at their destination.

Question 14

An advantage of the weighted average inventory method is that it tends to smooth out erratic changes in costs.

Question 15

Assuming items in inventory were purchased at different prices,the inventory cost method used affects net income.

Question 16

In a period of rising purchase costs,LIFO usually gives a lower taxable income and therefore,yields a tax advantage.

Question 17

Net realizable value for damaged or obsolete goods is sales price less the cost of making the sale.

Question 18

According to the expense recognition principle,inventory costs are expensed as cost of goods sold when inventory is sold.

Question 19

The physical count of inventory is used to adjust the Inventory account balance to the actual inventory available.

Question 20

Goods in transit are automatically included in inventory regardless of whether title has passed to the buyer.

Question 21

The assignment of costs to cost of goods sold and inventory using weighted average usually yields different results depending on whether a perpetual or periodic system is used.

Question 22

It can be expected that companies selling perishable goods have a higher inventory turnover than companies selling nonperishable goods.

Question 23

An overstatement of ending inventory will cause an overstatement of assets and an understatement of equity on the balance sheet.

Question 24

The inventory turnover ratio is computed by dividing cost of goods sold by average merchandise inventory.

Question 25

A company's cost of goods sold was $15,500 and its average merchandise inventory was $4,500.Its inventory turnover equals 3.4.

Question 26

Overstating beginning inventory will understate cost of goods sold and net income.

Question 27

A merchandiser's ability to pay its short-term obligations depends on many factors including how quickly it sells its merchandise inventory.

Question 28

An error in the ending inventory balance will cause an error in the calculation of cost of goods sold.

Question 29

The simple rule for inventory turnover is that a low ratio is preferable.

Question 30

According to IRS guidelines,companies may use FIFO for financial reporting and LIFO for tax reporting.

Question 31

The FIFO inventory method assumes that costs for the latest units purchased are the first to be charged to the cost of goods sold.

Question 32

Underwood had cost of goods sold of $8 million and its ending inventory was $2 million.Therefore,its days' sales in inventory equals 25 days.

Question 33

Understating ending inventory understates both current and total assets.

Question 34

When units are purchased at different costs over time,determining the cost per unit assigned to inventory items is simple.

Question 35

The days' sales in inventory ratio is computed by dividing ending inventory by cost of goods sold and multiplying the result by 365.

Question 36

Errors in the ending inventory balance only affect the current period's records and financial statements.

Question 37

An understatement of ending inventory will cause an understatement of assets and equity on the balance sheet.

Question 38

LIFO assumes that inventory costs flow in the order incurred.

Question 39

An understatement of the ending inventory balance will overstate cost of goods sold and understate net income.

Question 40

Determining the unit costs assigned to inventory items is one of the most important decisions in accounting for inventory.

Question 41

The reasoning behind the retail inventory method is that if we can get a good estimate of the cost-to-retail ratio,we can multiply ending inventory at retail by this ratio to estimate ending inventory at cost.

Question 42

In applying the lower of cost or market method to inventory valuation,market is defined as the current replacement cost for LIFO.

Question 43

The retail inventory method estimates the cost of ending inventory by applying the gross profit ratio to net sales.

Question 44

Damaged and obsolete goods that can be sold:

A)Are never counted as inventory.
B)Are included in inventory at their full cost.
C)Are included in inventory at their net realizable value.
D)Should be disposed of immediately.
E)Are assigned a value of zero.

Question 45

In applying the lower of cost or market method to inventory valuation,market is defined as the current selling price.

Question 46

A company's total cost of FIFO inventory was $329,000 and its current replacement cost is $307,000.Under the lower cost or market,the amount reported should be $329,000.

Question 47

The cost flow method chosen must match the actual physical flow of the goods.

Question 48

The reliability of the gross profit method depends on a good estimate of the gross profit ratio.

Question 49

Under FIFO,the most recent costs are assigned to ending inventory.

Question 50

A company's cost of inventory was $219,500.Due to phenomenal demand the market value of its inventory increased to $221,700.This company should record the inventory at its market value.

Question 51

Accounting principles require that LIFO inventory be reported at the market value (cost)of replacing inventory when market value is lower than cost.

Question 52

The choice of an inventory valuation method has little to no impact on gross profit and cost of sales.

Question 53

When LIFO is used with the periodic inventory system,cost of goods sold is assigned costs from the most recent purchases at the point of each sale,rather than from the most recent purchases for the period.

Question 54

To avoid the time-consuming process of taking an inventory each year,most companies use the gross profit method to estimate ending inventory.

Question 55

Accounting principles require that inventory be reported at the market value (cost)of replacing inventory when cost is lower than market value.

Question 56

The lower of cost or market rule for inventory valuation is always applied to individual units separately rather than to major categories of inventory or to the entire inventory.

Question 57

A company has inventory with a selling price of $451,000,a market value of $223,000,and a cost of $241,000.According to the lower of cost or market,the inventory should be written down to $223,000.

Question 58

Using the retail inventory method,if the cost to retail ratio is 70% and ending inventory at retail is $145,000,then estimated ending inventory at cost is $207,143.

Question 59

The assignment of costs to the cost of goods sold and to ending inventory using FIFO is the same for both the perpetual and periodic inventory systems.

Question 60

In the retail inventory method of inventory valuation,the retail amount of inventory is measured using selling prices of inventory items.

Question 61

The inventory valuation method that tends to smooth out erratic changes in costs is:

A)FIFO.
B)Weighted average.
C)LIFO.
D)Specific identification.
E)WIFO.

Question 62

An error in ending inventory causes an error in the next period's:

A)Sales.
B)Beginning inventory.
C)Accounts payable.
D)Accounts receivable.
E)Shipping costs.

Question 63

The selected inventory costing method impacts:

A)Gross profit and ending inventory.
B)Sales.
C)The physical flow of goods.
D)Amount of inventory on hand.
E)The shipping terms to the buyer.

Question 64

On December 31 of the current year,Plunkett Company reported an ending inventory balance of $215,000.The following additional information is also available: -Plunkett sold and shipped goods costing $38,000 to Savannah Enterprises on December 28 with shipping terms of FOB shipping point.The goods were not included in the ending inventory amount of $215,000.
-Plunkett purchased goods costing $44,000 on December 29.The goods were shipped FOB destination and were received by Plunkett on January 2 of the following year.The shipment was a rush order that was supposed to arrive by December 31.These goods were included in the ending inventory balance of $215,000.
-Plunkett's ending inventory balance of $215,000 included $15,000 of goods being held on consignment from Carole Company.(Plunkett Company is the consignee.)
-Plunkett's ending inventory balance of $215,000 did not include goods costing $95,000 that were shipped to Plunkett on December 27 with shipping terms of FOB destination and were still in transit at year-end.
Based on the above information,the amount that Plunkett should report in ending inventory on December 31 is:

A)$194,000
B)$209,000
C)$200,000
D)$171,000
E)$156,000

Question 65

The inventory valuation method that has the advantages of assigning an amount to inventory on the balance sheet that approximates its current cost,and also mimics the actual flow of goods for most businesses is:

A)FIFO.
B)Weighted average.
C)LIFO.
D)Specific identification.
E)Lower of cost or market.

Question 66

Consignment goods are:

A)Goods shipped by the owner to the consignee who sells the goods for the owner.
B)Reported in the consignee's books as inventory.
C)Goods shipped to the consignor who sells the goods for the owner.
D)Not reported in the consignor's inventory since they do not have possession of the inventory.
E)Always paid for by the consignee when they take possession.

Question 67

Buffalo Company reported a December 31 ending inventory balance of $412,000.The following additional information is also available: -The ending inventory balance of $412,000 did not include goods costing $48,000 that were purchased by Buffalo on December 28 and shipped FOB destination on that date.Buffalo did not receive the goods until January 2 of the following year.
-The ending inventory balance of $412,000 included damaged goods at their original cost of $38,000.The net realizable value of the damaged goods was $10,000.
Based on this information,the correct balance for ending inventory on December 31 is:

A)$374,000
B)$384,000
C)$460,000
D)$422,000
E)$438,000

Question 68

Internal controls that should be applied when a business takes a physical count of inventory should include all of the following except:

A)Prenumbered inventory tickets.
B)A manager confirms that all inventories are ticketed only once.
C)Counters confirm the validity of inventory existence,amounts,and quality.
D)Second counts by a different counter.
E)Counters of inventory should be those who are responsible for the inventory.

Question 69

During a period of steadily rising costs,the inventory valuation method that yields the highest reported net income is:

A)Specific identification method.
B)Average cost method.
C)Weighted-average method.
D)FIFO method.
E)LIFO method.

Question 70

Which of the following inventory costing methods will always result in the same values for ending inventory and cost of goods sold regardless of whether a perpetual or periodic inventory system is used?

A)FIFO and LIFO
B)LIFO and weighted-average cost
C)Specific identification and FIFO
D)FIFO and weighted-average cost
E)LIFO and specific identification

Question 71

Merchandise inventory includes:

A)All goods owned by a company and held for sale.
B)All goods in transit.
C)All goods on consignment.
D)Only damaged goods.
E)Only non-damaged goods.

Question 72

If a period-end inventory amount is reported in error,it can cause a misstatement in all of the following except:

A)Cost of goods sold.
B)Gross profit.
C)Net sales.
D)Current assets.
E)Net income.

Question 73

Regardless of the inventory costing system used,cost of goods available for sale must be allocated at the end of the period between

A)beginning inventory and net purchases during the period.
B)ending inventory and beginning inventory.
C)net purchases during the period and ending inventory.
D)ending inventory and cost of goods sold.
E)beginning inventory and cost of goods sold.

Question 74

Companies can and often do use different costing methods for financial reporting and tax reporting.An exception to this is the:

A)Full disclosure principle.
B)Consistency concept.
C)FIFO inventory valuation method.
D)LIFO conformity rule.
E)Matching principle.

Question 75

Goods in transit are included in a purchaser's inventory:

A)At any time during transit.
B)When the goods are shipped FOB shipping point.
C)When the supplier is responsible for freight charges.
D)If the goods are shipped FOB destination.
E)After the half-way point between the buyer and seller.

Question 76

The LIFO conformity rule:

A)Requires when LIFO is used for tax reporting,it is also used for financial reporting.
B)Requires a company to use one method of inventory valuation exclusively.
C)Requires that all companies in the same industry use the same accounting methods of inventory valuation.
D)Is also called the taxation principle.
E)Is only applicable to the automotive industry.

Question 77

Costs included in the Merchandise Inventory account can include all of the following except:

A)Invoice price minus any discount.
B)Transportation-in.
C)Storage.
D)Insurance.
E)Damaged inventory that cannot be sold.

Question 78

The inventory valuation method that results in the lowest taxable income in a period of inflation is:

A)LIFO method.
B)FIFO method.
C)Weighted-average cost method.
D)Specific identification method.
E)Gross profit method.

Question 79

Bedrock Company reported a December 31 ending inventory balance of $412,000.The following additional information is also available: -The ending inventory balance of $412,000 included $72,000 of consigned inventory for which Bedrock was the consignor.
-The ending inventory balance of $412,000 included $22,000 of office supplies that were stored in the warehouse and were to be used by the company's supervisors and managers during the coming year.
Based on this information,the correct balance for ending inventory on December 31 is:

A)$412,000
B)$340,000
C)$318,000
D)$362,000
E)$390,000

Question 80

Physical counts of inventory:

A)Are not necessary under the perpetual system.
B)Are necessary to adjust the Inventory account to the actual inventory available.
C)Must be taken at least once a month.
D)Requires the use of hand-held portable computers.
E)Are not necessary under the cost-to benefit constraint.