Deck 18: Statistical Applications in Quality Management

Question 1

The purpose of a control chart is to eliminate common cause variation.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT part of the Shewhart-Deming cycle?

A) Plan
B) Act
C) Do
D) React

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Special or assignable causes of variation are signalled by individual fluctuations or patterns in the data.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Maintaining the gains that have been made with a revised process in the long term by avoiding potential problems that can occur when a process is changed involves which part of the DMAIC process?

A) Define
B) Measure
C) Analyse
D) Improve
E) Control

Question 5

Common causes of variation are correctable without modifying the system.

Question 6

Common causes of variation represent variation due to the inherent variability in the system.

Question 7

Changes in the system to reduce common cause variation are the responsibility of management.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of Deming's 14 points?

A) Create constancy of purpose for improvement of product or service
B) Belief in mass inspection
C) Drive out fear
D) Adopt and institute leadership

Question 9

In Australia,control limits on a control chart are placed so that they are three standard deviations above and below a central line.

Question 10

Developing operational definitions for each critical-to-quality characteristic involves which part of the DMAIC process?

A) Define
B) Measure
C) Analyse
D) Improve
E) Control

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT part of the DMAIC process in Six Sigma management?

A) Do
B) Analyse
C) Control
D) Define

Question 12

The control chart _______.

A) focuses on the time dimension of a system
B) can be used for categorical, discrete, or continuous variables
C) captures the natural variability in the system
D) All of the above.

Question 13

Instruction 18-1
Below is the number of defective items from a production line over 20 consecutive morning shifts.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l |} \hline \text { Day } & \text { Nonconf. } & \text { Day } & \text { Nonconf. } \\\hline 1 & 26 & 11 & 22 \\\hline 2 & 27 & 12 & 26 \\\hline 3 & 23 & 13 & 21 \\\hline 4 & 21 & 14 & 22 \\\hline 5 & 26 & 15 & 19 \\\hline 6 & 20 & 16 & 17 \\\hline 7 & 35 & 17 & 21 \\\hline 8 & 30 & 18 & 18 \\\hline 9 & 21 & 19 & 16 \\\hline 10 & 25 & 20 & 17\\\hline\end{array}$$ Note: Nonconf. = Nonconformances

-Referring to Instruction 18-1,based on the c chart,it appears that the process is out of control.

Question 14

Instruction 18-1
Below is the number of defective items from a production line over 20 consecutive morning shifts.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l |} \hline \text { Day } & \text { Nonconf. } & \text { Day } & \text { Nonconf. } \\\hline 1 & 26 & 11 & 22 \\\hline 2 & 27 & 12 & 26 \\\hline 3 & 23 & 13 & 21 \\\hline 4 & 21 & 14 & 22 \\\hline 5 & 26 & 15 & 19 \\\hline 6 & 20 & 16 & 17 \\\hline 7 & 35 & 17 & 21 \\\hline 8 & 30 & 18 & 18 \\\hline 9 & 21 & 19 & 16 \\\hline 10 & 25 & 20 & 17\\\hline\end{array}$$ Note: Nonconf. = Nonconformances

-Referring to Instruction 18-1,based on the c chart,no opportunity appears to be present to render an improvement in the process.

Question 15

Instruction 18-1
Below is the number of defective items from a production line over 20 consecutive morning shifts.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l |} \hline \text { Day } & \text { Nonconf. } & \text { Day } & \text { Nonconf. } \\\hline 1 & 26 & 11 & 22 \\\hline 2 & 27 & 12 & 26 \\\hline 3 & 23 & 13 & 21 \\\hline 4 & 21 & 14 & 22 \\\hline 5 & 26 & 15 & 19 \\\hline 6 & 20 & 16 & 17 \\\hline 7 & 35 & 17 & 21 \\\hline 8 & 30 & 18 & 18 \\\hline 9 & 21 & 19 & 16 \\\hline 10 & 25 & 20 & 17\\\hline\end{array}$$ Note: Nonconf. = Nonconformances

-Referring to Instruction 18-1,based on the c chart,there appears to be a special cause of variation in the process.

Question 16

Which famous statistician developed the 14 points of management?

A) Chebyshev
B) Taguchi
C) Shewhart
D) Deming

Question 17

Determining the root causes of why defects can occur along with the variables in the process that cause these defects to occur involves which part of the DMAIC process?

A) Define
B) Measure
C) Analyse
D) Improve
E) Control

Question 18

The Shewhart-Deming cycle plays an important role in which of the following 14 points for management?

A) Eliminate slogans, exhortation, and targets for the workforce.
B) Break down barriers between staff areas.
C) Create constancy of purpose for improvement of product and services.
D) Adopt the new philosophy.

Question 19

The control limits are based on the standard deviation of the process.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT one of Deming's 14 points?

A) Break down barriers between staff areas
B) Drive out fear
C) Create constancy of purpose for improvement of product or service
D) Award business on the basis of price tag alone

Question 21

Instruction 18-3
A political pollster randomly selects a sample of 100 voters each day for eight successive days and asks how many will vote for the incumbent. The pollster wishes to construct a p chart to see if the percentage favouring the incumbent candidate is too erratic.
$$\begin{array} { | c | c | } \hline \begin{array} { c } \text { Sample } \\\text { (Day) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Number Favouring } \\\text { Incumbent Candidate }\end{array} \\\hline 1 & 57 \\\hline 2 & 57 \\\hline 3 & 53 \\\hline 4 & 51 \\\hline 5 & 55 \\\hline 6 & 60 \\\hline 7 & 56 \\\hline 8 & 59 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-3,what is the numerical value of the lower control limit for the p chart?

A) 0.37
B) 0.41
C) 0.50
D) 0.71

Question 22

Variation signalled by individual fluctuations or patterns in the data is called _______.

A) common or chance causes
B) special or assignable causes
C) the standard deviation
D) explained variation

Question 23

Instruction 18-1
Below is the number of defective items from a production line over 20 consecutive morning shifts.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l |} \hline \text { Day } & \text { Nonconf. } & \text { Day } & \text { Nonconf. } \\\hline 1 & 26 & 11 & 22 \\\hline 2 & 27 & 12 & 26 \\\hline 3 & 23 & 13 & 21 \\\hline 4 & 21 & 14 & 22 \\\hline 5 & 26 & 15 & 19 \\\hline 6 & 20 & 16 & 17 \\\hline 7 & 35 & 17 & 21 \\\hline 8 & 30 & 18 & 18 \\\hline 9 & 21 & 19 & 16 \\\hline 10 & 25 & 20 & 17\\\hline\end{array}$$ Note: Nonconf. = Nonconformances

-Referring to Instruction 18-1,the c chart suggests that the special cause of variation must be incorporated into the process to become part of the permanent ongoing process.

Question 24

The control chart _______.

A) focuses on the time dimension of a system
B) captures the natural variability in the system
C) can be used for categorical, discrete, or continuous variables
D) All of the above.

Question 25

Instruction 18-2
A local newspaper has 10 delivery boys who each deliver the morning paper to 50 customers every day. The owner decides to record the number of papers delivered on time for a 10-day period and construct a p chart to see whether the percentage is too erratic.
$$\begin{array} { | c | c | } \hline \text { Day } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Number of } \\\text { Papers Deliverd } \\\text { on Time }\end{array} \\\hline 1 & 46 \\\hline 2 & 45 \\\hline 3 & 46 \\\hline 4 & 45 \\\hline 5 & 43 \\\hline 6 & 48 \\\hline 7 & 46 \\\hline 8 & 49 \\\hline 9 & 48 \\\hline 10 & 47 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-2,what is the numerical value of the centre line for the p chart?

A) 0.926
B) 0.911
C) 0.885
D) 0.500

Question 26

_______ causes of variation are correctable without modifying the system.

Question 27

A process is said to be out of control if _______.

A) a point falls above the upper or below the lower control lines
B) eight or more consecutive points fall above the centre line or eight or more consecutive lines fall below the centre line
C) Either of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 28

Instruction 18-3
A political pollster randomly selects a sample of 100 voters each day for eight successive days and asks how many will vote for the incumbent. The pollster wishes to construct a p chart to see if the percentage favouring the incumbent candidate is too erratic.
$$\begin{array} { | c | c | } \hline \begin{array} { c } \text { Sample } \\\text { (Day) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Number Favouring } \\\text { Incumbent Candidate }\end{array} \\\hline 1 & 57 \\\hline 2 & 57 \\\hline 3 & 53 \\\hline 4 & 51 \\\hline 5 & 55 \\\hline 6 & 60 \\\hline 7 & 56 \\\hline 8 & 59 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-3,which expression best characterises the p chart?

A) Individual outliers
B) In control
C) Decreasing trend
D) Increasing trend

Question 29

Instruction 18-2
A local newspaper has 10 delivery boys who each deliver the morning paper to 50 customers every day. The owner decides to record the number of papers delivered on time for a 10-day period and construct a p chart to see whether the percentage is too erratic.
$$\begin{array} { | c | c | } \hline \text { Day } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Number of } \\\text { Papers Deliverd } \\\text { on Time }\end{array} \\\hline 1 & 46 \\\hline 2 & 45 \\\hline 3 & 46 \\\hline 4 & 45 \\\hline 5 & 43 \\\hline 6 & 48 \\\hline 7 & 46 \\\hline 8 & 49 \\\hline 9 & 48 \\\hline 10 & 47 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-2,what is the numerical value of the upper control limit for the p chart?

A) 0.979
B) 0.961
C) 1.000
D) 0.926

Question 30

Which of the following situations suggests a process that appears to be operating out of statistical control?

A) A control chart in which several points fall outside the upper control limit.
B) A control chart in which points fall outside the lower control limit.
C) A control chart with a series of consecutive points that are above the centre line and a series of consecutive points that are below the centre line.
D) All of the above.

Question 31

The cause of variation that can be reduced only by changing the system is _______ cause variation.

Question 32

Instruction 18-2
A local newspaper has 10 delivery boys who each deliver the morning paper to 50 customers every day. The owner decides to record the number of papers delivered on time for a 10-day period and construct a p chart to see whether the percentage is too erratic.
$$\begin{array} { | c | c | } \hline \text { Day } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Number of } \\\text { Papers Deliverd } \\\text { on Time }\end{array} \\\hline 1 & 46 \\\hline 2 & 45 \\\hline 3 & 46 \\\hline 4 & 45 \\\hline 5 & 43 \\\hline 6 & 48 \\\hline 7 & 46 \\\hline 8 & 49 \\\hline 9 & 48 \\\hline 10 & 47 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-2,what is the numerical value of the lower control limit for the p chart?

A) 0.815
B) 0.920
C) 0.911
D) 0.798

Question 33

Instruction 18-3
A political pollster randomly selects a sample of 100 voters each day for eight successive days and asks how many will vote for the incumbent. The pollster wishes to construct a p chart to see if the percentage favouring the incumbent candidate is too erratic.
$$\begin{array} { | c | c | } \hline \begin{array} { c } \text { Sample } \\\text { (Day) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Number Favouring } \\\text { Incumbent Candidate }\end{array} \\\hline 1 & 57 \\\hline 2 & 57 \\\hline 3 & 53 \\\hline 4 & 51 \\\hline 5 & 55 \\\hline 6 & 60 \\\hline 7 & 56 \\\hline 8 & 59 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-3,what is the numerical value of the centre line for the p chart?

A) 0.63
B) 0.66
C) 0.56
D) 0.53

Question 34

Instruction 18-4
A manufacturer of computer disks took samples of 240 disks on 15 consecutive days. The number of disks with bad sectors was determined for each of these samples. The results are in the table that follows.
$$\begin{array} { l l l } \text { Day } & \text { Bad } & \text { \% Bad } \\1 & 9 & 0.037500 \\2 & 7 & 0.029167 \\3 & 4 & 0.016667 \\4 & 6 & 0.025000 \\5 & 8 & 0.033333 \\6 & 3 & 0.012500 \\7 & 6 & 0.025000 \\8 & 10 & 0.041667 \\9 & 16 & 0.066667 \\10 & 24 & 0.100000 \\11 & 15 & 0.062500 \\12 & 9 & 0.037500 \\13 & 4 & 0.016667 \\14 & 8 & 0.033333 \\15 & 6 & 0.025000\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-4,the best estimate of the mean proportion of disks with bad sectors is _______.

Question 35

Which of the following situations suggests a process that appears to be operating in a state of statistical control?

A) A control chart with a series of consecutive points that are above the centre line and a series of consecutive points that are below the centre line.
B) A control chart in which no points fall outside either the upper control limit or the lower control limit and no patterns are present.
C) A control chart in which several points fall outside the upper control limit.
D) All of the above.

Question 36

Instruction 18-2
A local newspaper has 10 delivery boys who each deliver the morning paper to 50 customers every day. The owner decides to record the number of papers delivered on time for a 10-day period and construct a p chart to see whether the percentage is too erratic.
$$\begin{array} { | c | c | } \hline \text { Day } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Number of } \\\text { Papers Deliverd } \\\text { on Time }\end{array} \\\hline 1 & 46 \\\hline 2 & 45 \\\hline 3 & 46 \\\hline 4 & 45 \\\hline 5 & 43 \\\hline 6 & 48 \\\hline 7 & 46 \\\hline 8 & 49 \\\hline 9 & 48 \\\hline 10 & 47 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-2,which expression best characterises the p chart?

A) Increasing trend
B) In control
C) Cycles
D) Individual outliers

Question 37

The principal focus of the control chart is the attempt to separate special or assignable causes of variation from common causes of variation.What cause of variation can be reduced only by changing the system?

A) Total causes
B) Special or assignable causes
C) Common causes
D) None of the above.

Question 38

The p chart is a control chart used for monitoring the proportion of items in a batch that meet given specifications.

Question 39

Once the control limits are set for a control chart,one attempts to _______.

A) discern patterns that might exist in values over time
B) determine whether any points fall outside the control limits
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 40

Instruction 18-3
A political pollster randomly selects a sample of 100 voters each day for eight successive days and asks how many will vote for the incumbent. The pollster wishes to construct a p chart to see if the percentage favouring the incumbent candidate is too erratic.
$$\begin{array} { | c | c | } \hline \begin{array} { c } \text { Sample } \\\text { (Day) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Number Favouring } \\\text { Incumbent Candidate }\end{array} \\\hline 1 & 57 \\\hline 2 & 57 \\\hline 3 & 53 \\\hline 4 & 51 \\\hline 5 & 55 \\\hline 6 & 60 \\\hline 7 & 56 \\\hline 8 & 59 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-3,what is the numerical value of the upper control limit for the p chart?

A) 0.71
B) 0.62
C) 0.89
D) 0.92

Question 41

Instruction 18-5
The maker of a packaged candy wants to evaluate the quality of her production process. On each of 16 consecutive days, she samples 600 bags of candy and determines the number in each day's sample that she considers to be of poor quality. The data that she developed follow.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Day } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Number } \\\text { Poor }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { Proportion } \\\text { Poor }\end{array} \\\hline 1 & 33 & 0.0550000 \\\hline 2 & 29 & 0.0483333 \\\hline 3 & 31 & 0.0516667 \\\hline 4 & 32 & 0.0533333 \\\hline 5 & 43 & 0.0716667 \\\hline 6 & 45 & 0.0750000 \\\hline 7 & 46 & 0.0766667 \\\hline 8 & 48 & 0.0800000 \\\hline 9 & 48 & 0.0800000 \\\hline 10 & 46 & 0.0766667 \\\hline 11 & 28 & 0.0466667 \\\hline 12 & 32 & 0.0533333 \\\hline 13 & 28 & 0.0466667 \\\hline 14 & 32 & 0.0533333 \\\hline 15 & 31 & 0.0516667 \\\hline 16 & 24 & 0.0400000 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-5,a p control chart is to be constructed for these data.The estimate of the standard error of the sample proportion is _______.

Question 42

Instruction 18-6
Below is the number of defective items from a production line over 20 consecutive morning shifts.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l| } \hline \text { Day } & \text { Nonconf. } & \text { Day } & \text { Nonconf. } \\\hline 1 & 26 & 11 & 22 \\\hline 2 & 27 & 12 & 26 \\\hline 3 & 23 & 13 & 21 \\\hline 4 & 21 & 14 & 22 \\\hline 5 & 26 & 15 & 19 \\\hline 6 & 20 & 16 & 17 \\\hline 7 & 35 & 17 & 21 \\\hline 8 & 30 & 18 & 18 \\\hline 9 & 21 & 19 & 16 \\\hline 10 & 25 & 20 & 17\\\hline\end{array}$$ Note: Nonconf. = Nonconformances

-Referring to Instruction 18-6,construct a c chart for the number of defective items.

Question 43

Instruction 18-6
Below is the number of defective items from a production line over 20 consecutive morning shifts.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l| } \hline \text { Day } & \text { Nonconf. } & \text { Day } & \text { Nonconf. } \\\hline 1 & 26 & 11 & 22 \\\hline 2 & 27 & 12 & 26 \\\hline 3 & 23 & 13 & 21 \\\hline 4 & 21 & 14 & 22 \\\hline 5 & 26 & 15 & 19 \\\hline 6 & 20 & 16 & 17 \\\hline 7 & 35 & 17 & 21 \\\hline 8 & 30 & 18 & 18 \\\hline 9 & 21 & 19 & 16 \\\hline 10 & 25 & 20 & 17\\\hline\end{array}$$ Note: Nonconf. = Nonconformances

-Referring to Instruction 18-6,a c chart is to be constructed for the number of defective items.The centre line of this c chart is located at _______.

Question 44

Instruction 18-6
Below is the number of defective items from a production line over 20 consecutive morning shifts.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l| } \hline \text { Day } & \text { Nonconf. } & \text { Day } & \text { Nonconf. } \\\hline 1 & 26 & 11 & 22 \\\hline 2 & 27 & 12 & 26 \\\hline 3 & 23 & 13 & 21 \\\hline 4 & 21 & 14 & 22 \\\hline 5 & 26 & 15 & 19 \\\hline 6 & 20 & 16 & 17 \\\hline 7 & 35 & 17 & 21 \\\hline 8 & 30 & 18 & 18 \\\hline 9 & 21 & 19 & 16 \\\hline 10 & 25 & 20 & 17\\\hline\end{array}$$ Note: Nonconf. = Nonconformances

-Referring to Instruction 18-6,a c chart is to be constructed for the number of defective items.The lower control limits is _______.

Question 45

One of the morals of the red bead experiment is _______.

A) it is the system that primarily determines performance
B) variation is part of the process
C) only management can change the system
D) All of the above.

Question 46

Instruction 18-7
A factory supervisor is concerned that the time it takes workers to complete an important production task (measured in seconds) is too erratic and adversely affects expected profits. The supervisor proceeds by randomly sampling five individuals per hour for a period of 10 hours. The sample mean and range for each hour are listed below.
She also decides that lower and upper specification limit for the critical-to-quality variable should be 10 and 30 seconds, respectively.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Hour } & \underline { \underline { X } } & \underline { R } \\\hline 1 & 18.4 & 25 \\\hline 2 & 16.9 & 27 \\\hline 3 & 23.0 & 30 \\\hline 4 & 21.2 & 23 \\\hline 5 & 21.0 & 24 \\\hline 6 & 24.0 & 25 \\\hline 7 & 19.3 & 12 \\\hline 8 & 15.8 & 14 \\\hline 9 & 20.0 & 13 \\\hline 10 & 23.0 & 11 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-7,suppose the supervisor constructs an R chart to see if the variability in collection times is in control.What are the lower and upper control limits for this R chart?

A) -2.28, 42.28
B) 0, 43.13
C) -2.33, 43.13
D) 0, 42.28

Question 47

The R chart is a control chart used to monitor a process mean.

Question 48

Instruction 18-4
A manufacturer of computer disks took samples of 240 disks on 15 consecutive days. The number of disks with bad sectors was determined for each of these samples. The results are in the table that follows.
$$\begin{array} { l l l } \text { Day } & \text { Bad } & \text { \% Bad } \\1 & 9 & 0.037500 \\2 & 7 & 0.029167 \\3 & 4 & 0.016667 \\4 & 6 & 0.025000 \\5 & 8 & 0.033333 \\6 & 3 & 0.012500 \\7 & 6 & 0.025000 \\8 & 10 & 0.041667 \\9 & 16 & 0.066667 \\10 & 24 & 0.100000 \\11 & 15 & 0.062500 \\12 & 9 & 0.037500 \\13 & 4 & 0.016667 \\14 & 8 & 0.033333 \\15 & 6 & 0.025000\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-4,a p control chart is to be made for these data.The upper control limit is _______,and the lower control limit is _______.

Question 49

Instruction 18-5
The maker of a packaged candy wants to evaluate the quality of her production process. On each of 16 consecutive days, she samples 600 bags of candy and determines the number in each day's sample that she considers to be of poor quality. The data that she developed follow.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Day } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Number } \\\text { Poor }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { Proportion } \\\text { Poor }\end{array} \\\hline 1 & 33 & 0.0550000 \\\hline 2 & 29 & 0.0483333 \\\hline 3 & 31 & 0.0516667 \\\hline 4 & 32 & 0.0533333 \\\hline 5 & 43 & 0.0716667 \\\hline 6 & 45 & 0.0750000 \\\hline 7 & 46 & 0.0766667 \\\hline 8 & 48 & 0.0800000 \\\hline 9 & 48 & 0.0800000 \\\hline 10 & 46 & 0.0766667 \\\hline 11 & 28 & 0.0466667 \\\hline 12 & 32 & 0.0533333 \\\hline 13 & 28 & 0.0466667 \\\hline 14 & 32 & 0.0533333 \\\hline 15 & 31 & 0.0516667 \\\hline 16 & 24 & 0.0400000 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-5,construct a p control chart for these data.

Question 50

One of the morals of the red bead experiment is that variation is part of any process.

Question 51

Instruction 18-4
A manufacturer of computer disks took samples of 240 disks on 15 consecutive days. The number of disks with bad sectors was determined for each of these samples. The results are in the table that follows.
$$\begin{array} { l l l } \text { Day } & \text { Bad } & \text { \% Bad } \\1 & 9 & 0.037500 \\2 & 7 & 0.029167 \\3 & 4 & 0.016667 \\4 & 6 & 0.025000 \\5 & 8 & 0.033333 \\6 & 3 & 0.012500 \\7 & 6 & 0.025000 \\8 & 10 & 0.041667 \\9 & 16 & 0.066667 \\10 & 24 & 0.100000 \\11 & 15 & 0.062500 \\12 & 9 & 0.037500 \\13 & 4 & 0.016667 \\14 & 8 & 0.033333 \\15 & 6 & 0.025000\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-4,a p control chart is to be made for these data.The estimate of the standard error of the proportion of disks with bad sectors is _______.

Question 52

Instruction 18-5
The maker of a packaged candy wants to evaluate the quality of her production process. On each of 16 consecutive days, she samples 600 bags of candy and determines the number in each day's sample that she considers to be of poor quality. The data that she developed follow.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Day } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Number } \\\text { Poor }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { Proportion } \\\text { Poor }\end{array} \\\hline 1 & 33 & 0.0550000 \\\hline 2 & 29 & 0.0483333 \\\hline 3 & 31 & 0.0516667 \\\hline 4 & 32 & 0.0533333 \\\hline 5 & 43 & 0.0716667 \\\hline 6 & 45 & 0.0750000 \\\hline 7 & 46 & 0.0766667 \\\hline 8 & 48 & 0.0800000 \\\hline 9 & 48 & 0.0800000 \\\hline 10 & 46 & 0.0766667 \\\hline 11 & 28 & 0.0466667 \\\hline 12 & 32 & 0.0533333 \\\hline 13 & 28 & 0.0466667 \\\hline 14 & 32 & 0.0533333 \\\hline 15 & 31 & 0.0516667 \\\hline 16 & 24 & 0.0400000 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-5,the estimate of the proportion of poor quality bags of candy is _______.

Question 53

It is not possible for the chart to be out of control when the R chart is in control.

Question 54

Instruction 18-6
Below is the number of defective items from a production line over 20 consecutive morning shifts.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l| } \hline \text { Day } & \text { Nonconf. } & \text { Day } & \text { Nonconf. } \\\hline 1 & 26 & 11 & 22 \\\hline 2 & 27 & 12 & 26 \\\hline 3 & 23 & 13 & 21 \\\hline 4 & 21 & 14 & 22 \\\hline 5 & 26 & 15 & 19 \\\hline 6 & 20 & 16 & 17 \\\hline 7 & 35 & 17 & 21 \\\hline 8 & 30 & 18 & 18 \\\hline 9 & 21 & 19 & 16 \\\hline 10 & 25 & 20 & 17\\\hline\end{array}$$ Note: Nonconf. = Nonconformances

-Referring to Instruction 18-6,a c chart is to be constructed for the number of defective items.The upper control limits is _______.

Question 55

Instruction 18-4
A manufacturer of computer disks took samples of 240 disks on 15 consecutive days. The number of disks with bad sectors was determined for each of these samples. The results are in the table that follows.
$$\begin{array} { l l l } \text { Day } & \text { Bad } & \text { \% Bad } \\1 & 9 & 0.037500 \\2 & 7 & 0.029167 \\3 & 4 & 0.016667 \\4 & 6 & 0.025000 \\5 & 8 & 0.033333 \\6 & 3 & 0.012500 \\7 & 6 & 0.025000 \\8 & 10 & 0.041667 \\9 & 16 & 0.066667 \\10 & 24 & 0.100000 \\11 & 15 & 0.062500 \\12 & 9 & 0.037500 \\13 & 4 & 0.016667 \\14 & 8 & 0.033333 \\15 & 6 & 0.025000\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-4,a p control chart is to be made for these data.The centre line of the control chart is _______.

Question 56

Instruction 18-7
A factory supervisor is concerned that the time it takes workers to complete an important production task (measured in seconds) is too erratic and adversely affects expected profits. The supervisor proceeds by randomly sampling five individuals per hour for a period of 10 hours. The sample mean and range for each hour are listed below.
She also decides that lower and upper specification limit for the critical-to-quality variable should be 10 and 30 seconds, respectively.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Hour } & \underline { \underline { X } } & \underline { R } \\\hline 1 & 18.4 & 25 \\\hline 2 & 16.9 & 27 \\\hline 3 & 23.0 & 30 \\\hline 4 & 21.2 & 23 \\\hline 5 & 21.0 & 24 \\\hline 6 & 24.0 & 25 \\\hline 7 & 19.3 & 12 \\\hline 8 & 15.8 & 14 \\\hline 9 & 20.0 & 13 \\\hline 10 & 23.0 & 11 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-7,suppose the supervisor constructs an R chart to see if the variability in collection times is in control.What is the centre line of this R chart?

A) 20.40
B) 20.56
C) 20.00
D) 24.00

Question 57

Instruction 18-4
A manufacturer of computer disks took samples of 240 disks on 15 consecutive days. The number of disks with bad sectors was determined for each of these samples. The results are in the table that follows.
$$\begin{array} { l l l } \text { Day } & \text { Bad } & \text { \% Bad } \\1 & 9 & 0.037500 \\2 & 7 & 0.029167 \\3 & 4 & 0.016667 \\4 & 6 & 0.025000 \\5 & 8 & 0.033333 \\6 & 3 & 0.012500 \\7 & 6 & 0.025000 \\8 & 10 & 0.041667 \\9 & 16 & 0.066667 \\10 & 24 & 0.100000 \\11 & 15 & 0.062500 \\12 & 9 & 0.037500 \\13 & 4 & 0.016667 \\14 & 8 & 0.033333 \\15 & 6 & 0.025000\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-4,construct a p control chart for these data.

Question 58

Instruction 18-4
A manufacturer of computer disks took samples of 240 disks on 15 consecutive days. The number of disks with bad sectors was determined for each of these samples. The results are in the table that follows.
$$\begin{array} { l l l } \text { Day } & \text { Bad } & \text { \% Bad } \\1 & 9 & 0.037500 \\2 & 7 & 0.029167 \\3 & 4 & 0.016667 \\4 & 6 & 0.025000 \\5 & 8 & 0.033333 \\6 & 3 & 0.012500 \\7 & 6 & 0.025000 \\8 & 10 & 0.041667 \\9 & 16 & 0.066667 \\10 & 24 & 0.100000 \\11 & 15 & 0.062500 \\12 & 9 & 0.037500 \\13 & 4 & 0.016667 \\14 & 8 & 0.033333 \\15 & 6 & 0.025000\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-4,the process seems to be _______.

Question 59

Instruction 18-5
The maker of a packaged candy wants to evaluate the quality of her production process. On each of 16 consecutive days, she samples 600 bags of candy and determines the number in each day's sample that she considers to be of poor quality. The data that she developed follow.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Day } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Number } \\\text { Poor }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { Proportion } \\\text { Poor }\end{array} \\\hline 1 & 33 & 0.0550000 \\\hline 2 & 29 & 0.0483333 \\\hline 3 & 31 & 0.0516667 \\\hline 4 & 32 & 0.0533333 \\\hline 5 & 43 & 0.0716667 \\\hline 6 & 45 & 0.0750000 \\\hline 7 & 46 & 0.0766667 \\\hline 8 & 48 & 0.0800000 \\\hline 9 & 48 & 0.0800000 \\\hline 10 & 46 & 0.0766667 \\\hline 11 & 28 & 0.0466667 \\\hline 12 & 32 & 0.0533333 \\\hline 13 & 28 & 0.0466667 \\\hline 14 & 32 & 0.0533333 \\\hline 15 & 31 & 0.0516667 \\\hline 16 & 24 & 0.0400000 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-5,a p control chart is to be constructed for these data.The lower control limit is _______,while the upper control limit is _______.

Question 60

Instruction 18-5
The maker of a packaged candy wants to evaluate the quality of her production process. On each of 16 consecutive days, she samples 600 bags of candy and determines the number in each day's sample that she considers to be of poor quality. The data that she developed follow.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Day } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Number } \\\text { Poor }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { Proportion } \\\text { Poor }\end{array} \\\hline 1 & 33 & 0.0550000 \\\hline 2 & 29 & 0.0483333 \\\hline 3 & 31 & 0.0516667 \\\hline 4 & 32 & 0.0533333 \\\hline 5 & 43 & 0.0716667 \\\hline 6 & 45 & 0.0750000 \\\hline 7 & 46 & 0.0766667 \\\hline 8 & 48 & 0.0800000 \\\hline 9 & 48 & 0.0800000 \\\hline 10 & 46 & 0.0766667 \\\hline 11 & 28 & 0.0466667 \\\hline 12 & 32 & 0.0533333 \\\hline 13 & 28 & 0.0466667 \\\hline 14 & 32 & 0.0533333 \\\hline 15 & 31 & 0.0516667 \\\hline 16 & 24 & 0.0400000 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-5,a p control chart is to be constructed for these data.The centre line for the chart should be located at _______.

Question 61

Instruction 18-9
Recently, a university switched to a new type of computer-based registration. The registrar is concerned with the amount of time students are spending on the computer registering under the new system. She decides to randomly select eight students on each of the 12 days of the registration and determine the time each spends on the computer registering. The range, mean, and standard deviation of the times required to register are in the table that follows.
$\begin{array}{llll}\text { Day } &\text { Range } & \text { Mean }&\text { Std. Dev }\\\hline1 & 10 & 5.250 & 3.4949 \\2 & 31 & 15.250 & 10.3060 \\3 & 13 & 20.375 & 4.9262 \\4 & 21 & 22.875 & 8.3911 \\5 & 35 & 8.500 & 11.3767 \\6 & 18 & 7.875 & 6.9372 \\7 & 25 & 11.250 & 8.5815 \\8 & 30 & 7.875 & 9.5235 \\9 & 17 & 10.250 & 6.3640 \\10 & 22 & 9.500 & 7.8740 \\11 & 27 & 7.875 & 8.7086 \\12 & 26 & 12.875 & 9.3723\end{array}$

-Referring to Instruction 18-9,based on the chart,it appears that the process is in control.

Question 62

Instruction 18-7
A factory supervisor is concerned that the time it takes workers to complete an important production task (measured in seconds) is too erratic and adversely affects expected profits. The supervisor proceeds by randomly sampling five individuals per hour for a period of 10 hours. The sample mean and range for each hour are listed below.
She also decides that lower and upper specification limit for the critical-to-quality variable should be 10 and 30 seconds, respectively.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Hour } & \underline { \underline { X } } & \underline { R } \\\hline 1 & 18.4 & 25 \\\hline 2 & 16.9 & 27 \\\hline 3 & 23.0 & 30 \\\hline 4 & 21.2 & 23 \\\hline 5 & 21.0 & 24 \\\hline 6 & 24.0 & 25 \\\hline 7 & 19.3 & 12 \\\hline 8 & 15.8 & 14 \\\hline 9 & 20.0 & 13 \\\hline 10 & 23.0 & 11 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-7,suppose the supervisor constructs an R chart to see if the variability in collection times is in control.This R chart is characterised by which of the following?

A) Decreasing trend
B) Increasing trend
C) In control
D) Individual outliers

Question 63

Instruction 18-8
A supplier of silicone sheets for producers of computer chips wants to evaluate her manufacturing process. She takes a sample size of five from each day's output and counts the number of blemishes on each silicone sheet. The results from 20 days of such evaluations are presented below. She also decides that the upper specification limit is 10 blemishes.
$\begin{array}{llllllll}\text{Day}&1&2&3&4&5&\text{Mean}&\text{Range}\\\hline1 & 8 & 10 & 14 & 6 & 5 & 8.6 & 9 \\2 & 8 & 13 & 6 & 6 & 10 & 8.6 & 7 \\3 & 10 & 12 & 7 & 7 & 9 & 9.0 & 5 \\4 & 5 & 9 & 12 & 7 & 10 & 8.6 & 7 \\5 & 8 & 3 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 7.6 & 7 \\6 & 9 & 7 & 9 & 6 & 9 & 8.0 & 3 \\7 & 10 & 10 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 7.6 & 5 \\8 & 10 & 9 & 10 & 6 & 5 & 8.0 & 5 \\9 & 6 & 10 & 6 & 9 & 9 & 8.0 & 4 \\10 & 6 & 9 & 8 & 6 & 8 & 7.4 & 3 \\11 & 8 & 5 & 6 & 10 & 10 & 7.8 & 5 \\12 & 6 & 4 & 7 & 7 & 12 & 7.2 & 8 \\13 & 7 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 9 & 6.8 & 4 \\14 & 5 & 8 & 8 & 7 & 6 & 6.8 & 3 \\15 & 7 & 12 & 10 & 6 & 10 & 9.0 & 6 \\16 & 7 & 11 & 4 & 7 & 8 & 7.4 & 7 \\17 & 8 & 4 & 5 & 4 & 7 & 5.6 & 4 \\18 & 11 & 4 & 11 & 11 & 10 & 9.4 & 7 \\19 & 6 & 10 & 6 & 10 & 10 & 8.4 & 4 \\20 & 6 & 12 & 12 & 6 & 8 & 8.8 & 6\end{array}$

-Referring to Instruction 18-8,based on the R chart,it appears that the process is out of control.

Question 64

Instruction 18-10
A supplier of silicone sheets for producers of computer chips wants to evaluate her manufacturing process. She takes a sample size of five from each day's output and counts the number of blemishes on each silicone sheet. The results from 20 days of such evaluations are presented below. She also decides that the upper specification limit is 10 blemishes.
$\begin{array}{llllllll}\text{Day}&1&2&3&4&5&\text{Mean}&\text{Range}\\\hline1 & 8 & 10 & 14 & 6 & 5 & 8.6 & 9 \\2 & 8 & 13 & 6 & 6 & 10 & 8.6 & 7 \\3 & 10 & 12 & 7 & 7 & 9 & 9.0 & 5 \\4 & 5 & 9 & 12 & 7 & 10 & 8.6 & 7 \\5 & 8 & 3 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 7.6 & 7 \\6 & 9 & 7 & 9 & 6 & 9 & 8.0 & 3 \\7 & 10 & 10 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 7.6 & 5 \\8 & 10 & 9 & 10 & 6 & 5 & 8.0 & 5 \\9 & 6 & 10 & 6 & 9 & 9 & 8.0 & 4 \\10 & 6 & 9 & 8 & 6 & 8 & 7.4 & 3 \\11 & 8 & 5 & 6 & 10 & 10 & 7.8 & 5 \\12 & 6 & 4 & 7 & 7 & 12 & 7.2 & 8 \\13 & 7 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 9 & 6.8 & 4 \\14 & 5 & 8 & 8 & 7 & 6 & 6.8 & 3 \\15 & 7 & 12 & 10 & 6 & 10 & 9.0 & 6 \\16 & 7 & 11 & 4 & 7 & 8 & 7.4 & 7 \\17 & 8 & 4 & 5 & 4 & 7 & 5.6 & 4 \\18 & 11 & 4 & 11 & 11 & 10 & 9.4 & 7 \\19 & 6 & 10 & 6 & 10 & 10 & 8.4 & 4 \\20 & 6 & 12 & 12 & 6 & 8 & 8.8 & 6\end{array}$


-Referring to Instruction 18-10,the chart is to be used for the number of blemishes.One way to obtain the control limits is to take the grand mean and add and subtract the product of A₂ times the average of the sample ranges.For this data set,the value of A₂ is _______.

Question 65

Instruction 18-9
Recently, a university switched to a new type of computer-based registration. The registrar is concerned with the amount of time students are spending on the computer registering under the new system. She decides to randomly select eight students on each of the 12 days of the registration and determine the time each spends on the computer registering. The range, mean, and standard deviation of the times required to register are in the table that follows.
$\begin{array}{llll}\text { Day } &\text { Range } & \text { Mean }&\text { Std. Dev }\\\hline1 & 10 & 5.250 & 3.4949 \\2 & 31 & 15.250 & 10.3060 \\3 & 13 & 20.375 & 4.9262 \\4 & 21 & 22.875 & 8.3911 \\5 & 35 & 8.500 & 11.3767 \\6 & 18 & 7.875 & 6.9372 \\7 & 25 & 11.250 & 8.5815 \\8 & 30 & 7.875 & 9.5235 \\9 & 17 & 10.250 & 6.3640 \\10 & 22 & 9.500 & 7.8740 \\11 & 27 & 7.875 & 8.7086 \\12 & 26 & 12.875 & 9.3723\end{array}$

-Referring to Instruction 18-9,based on the R chart,it appears that the process is out of control.

Question 66

Instruction 18-7
A factory supervisor is concerned that the time it takes workers to complete an important production task (measured in seconds) is too erratic and adversely affects expected profits. The supervisor proceeds by randomly sampling five individuals per hour for a period of 10 hours. The sample mean and range for each hour are listed below.
She also decides that lower and upper specification limit for the critical-to-quality variable should be 10 and 30 seconds, respectively.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Hour } & \underline { \underline { X } } & \underline { R } \\\hline 1 & 18.4 & 25 \\\hline 2 & 16.9 & 27 \\\hline 3 & 23.0 & 30 \\\hline 4 & 21.2 & 23 \\\hline 5 & 21.0 & 24 \\\hline 6 & 24.0 & 25 \\\hline 7 & 19.3 & 12 \\\hline 8 & 15.8 & 14 \\\hline 9 & 20.0 & 13 \\\hline 10 & 23.0 & 11 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-7,suppose the supervisor constructs an R chart to see if the process is in control.What is the centre line of the chart?

A) 20.26
B) 20.00
C) 21.00
D) 24.26

Question 67

Instruction 18-7
A factory supervisor is concerned that the time it takes workers to complete an important production task (measured in seconds) is too erratic and adversely affects expected profits. The supervisor proceeds by randomly sampling five individuals per hour for a period of 10 hours. The sample mean and range for each hour are listed below.
She also decides that lower and upper specification limit for the critical-to-quality variable should be 10 and 30 seconds, respectively.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Hour } & \underline { \underline { X } } & \underline { R } \\\hline 1 & 18.4 & 25 \\\hline 2 & 16.9 & 27 \\\hline 3 & 23.0 & 30 \\\hline 4 & 21.2 & 23 \\\hline 5 & 21.0 & 24 \\\hline 6 & 24.0 & 25 \\\hline 7 & 19.3 & 12 \\\hline 8 & 15.8 & 14 \\\hline 9 & 20.0 & 13 \\\hline 10 & 23.0 & 11 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-7,suppose the supervisor constructs an R chart to see if the process is in control.Which expression best describes this chart?

A) Decreasing trend
B) Increasing trend
C) In control
D) Individual outliers

Question 68

Instruction 18-7
A factory supervisor is concerned that the time it takes workers to complete an important production task (measured in seconds) is too erratic and adversely affects expected profits. The supervisor proceeds by randomly sampling five individuals per hour for a period of 10 hours. The sample mean and range for each hour are listed below.
She also decides that lower and upper specification limit for the critical-to-quality variable should be 10 and 30 seconds, respectively.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Hour } & \underline { \underline { X } } & \underline { R } \\\hline 1 & 18.4 & 25 \\\hline 2 & 16.9 & 27 \\\hline 3 & 23.0 & 30 \\\hline 4 & 21.2 & 23 \\\hline 5 & 21.0 & 24 \\\hline 6 & 24.0 & 25 \\\hline 7 & 19.3 & 12 \\\hline 8 & 15.8 & 14 \\\hline 9 & 20.0 & 13 \\\hline 10 & 23.0 & 11 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-7,suppose the sample mean and range data were based on six observations per hour instead of five.How would this change affect the lower and upper control limits of an R chart?

A) Both LCL and UCL would remain the same.
B) LCL would remain the same; UCL would decrease.
C) LCL would increase; UCL would decrease.
D) LCL would decrease; UCL would increase.

Question 69

Instruction 18-11
Recently, a university switched to a new type of computer-based registration. The registrar is concerned with the amount of time students are spending on the computer registering under the new system. She decides to randomly select eight students on each of the 12 days of the registration and determine the time each spends on the computer registering. The range, mean, and standard deviation of the times required to register are in the table that follows.
$\begin{array}{llll}\text { Day } &\text { Range } & \text { Mean }&\text { Std. Dev }\\\hline1 & 10 & 5.250 & 3.4949 \\2 & 31 & 15.250 & 10.3060 \\3 & 13 & 20.375 & 4.9262 \\4 & 21 & 22.875 & 8.3911 \\5 & 35 & 8.500 & 11.3767 \\6 & 18 & 7.875 & 6.9372 \\7 & 25 & 11.250 & 8.5815 \\8 & 30 & 7.875 & 9.5235 \\9 & 17 & 10.250 & 6.3640 \\10 & 22 & 9.500 & 7.8740 \\11 & 27 & 7.875 & 8.7086 \\12 & 26 & 12.875 & 9.3723\end{array}$


-Referring to Instruction 18-11,an R chart is to be constructed for the time required to register.The centre line of this R chart is located at _______

Question 70

Instruction 18-10
A supplier of silicone sheets for producers of computer chips wants to evaluate her manufacturing process. She takes a sample size of five from each day's output and counts the number of blemishes on each silicone sheet. The results from 20 days of such evaluations are presented below. She also decides that the upper specification limit is 10 blemishes.
$\begin{array}{llllllll}\text{Day}&1&2&3&4&5&\text{Mean}&\text{Range}\\\hline1 & 8 & 10 & 14 & 6 & 5 & 8.6 & 9 \\2 & 8 & 13 & 6 & 6 & 10 & 8.6 & 7 \\3 & 10 & 12 & 7 & 7 & 9 & 9.0 & 5 \\4 & 5 & 9 & 12 & 7 & 10 & 8.6 & 7 \\5 & 8 & 3 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 7.6 & 7 \\6 & 9 & 7 & 9 & 6 & 9 & 8.0 & 3 \\7 & 10 & 10 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 7.6 & 5 \\8 & 10 & 9 & 10 & 6 & 5 & 8.0 & 5 \\9 & 6 & 10 & 6 & 9 & 9 & 8.0 & 4 \\10 & 6 & 9 & 8 & 6 & 8 & 7.4 & 3 \\11 & 8 & 5 & 6 & 10 & 10 & 7.8 & 5 \\12 & 6 & 4 & 7 & 7 & 12 & 7.2 & 8 \\13 & 7 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 9 & 6.8 & 4 \\14 & 5 & 8 & 8 & 7 & 6 & 6.8 & 3 \\15 & 7 & 12 & 10 & 6 & 10 & 9.0 & 6 \\16 & 7 & 11 & 4 & 7 & 8 & 7.4 & 7 \\17 & 8 & 4 & 5 & 4 & 7 & 5.6 & 4 \\18 & 11 & 4 & 11 & 11 & 10 & 9.4 & 7 \\19 & 6 & 10 & 6 & 10 & 10 & 8.4 & 4 \\20 & 6 & 12 & 12 & 6 & 8 & 8.8 & 6\end{array}$


-Referring to Instruction 18-10,an R chart is to be constructed for the number of blemishes.One way to create the lower control limit involves multiplying the mean of the sample ranges by D₃.For this data set,the value of D₃ is _______.

Question 71

Instruction 18-10
A supplier of silicone sheets for producers of computer chips wants to evaluate her manufacturing process. She takes a sample size of five from each day's output and counts the number of blemishes on each silicone sheet. The results from 20 days of such evaluations are presented below. She also decides that the upper specification limit is 10 blemishes.
$\begin{array}{llllllll}\text{Day}&1&2&3&4&5&\text{Mean}&\text{Range}\\\hline1 & 8 & 10 & 14 & 6 & 5 & 8.6 & 9 \\2 & 8 & 13 & 6 & 6 & 10 & 8.6 & 7 \\3 & 10 & 12 & 7 & 7 & 9 & 9.0 & 5 \\4 & 5 & 9 & 12 & 7 & 10 & 8.6 & 7 \\5 & 8 & 3 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 7.6 & 7 \\6 & 9 & 7 & 9 & 6 & 9 & 8.0 & 3 \\7 & 10 & 10 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 7.6 & 5 \\8 & 10 & 9 & 10 & 6 & 5 & 8.0 & 5 \\9 & 6 & 10 & 6 & 9 & 9 & 8.0 & 4 \\10 & 6 & 9 & 8 & 6 & 8 & 7.4 & 3 \\11 & 8 & 5 & 6 & 10 & 10 & 7.8 & 5 \\12 & 6 & 4 & 7 & 7 & 12 & 7.2 & 8 \\13 & 7 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 9 & 6.8 & 4 \\14 & 5 & 8 & 8 & 7 & 6 & 6.8 & 3 \\15 & 7 & 12 & 10 & 6 & 10 & 9.0 & 6 \\16 & 7 & 11 & 4 & 7 & 8 & 7.4 & 7 \\17 & 8 & 4 & 5 & 4 & 7 & 5.6 & 4 \\18 & 11 & 4 & 11 & 11 & 10 & 9.4 & 7 \\19 & 6 & 10 & 6 & 10 & 10 & 8.4 & 4 \\20 & 6 & 12 & 12 & 6 & 8 & 8.8 & 6\end{array}$


-Referring to Instruction 18-10,an R chart is to be constructed for the number of blemishes.The upper control limit for this data set is _______.

Question 72

Instruction 18-8
A supplier of silicone sheets for producers of computer chips wants to evaluate her manufacturing process. She takes a sample size of five from each day's output and counts the number of blemishes on each silicone sheet. The results from 20 days of such evaluations are presented below. She also decides that the upper specification limit is 10 blemishes.
$\begin{array}{llllllll}\text{Day}&1&2&3&4&5&\text{Mean}&\text{Range}\\\hline1 & 8 & 10 & 14 & 6 & 5 & 8.6 & 9 \\2 & 8 & 13 & 6 & 6 & 10 & 8.6 & 7 \\3 & 10 & 12 & 7 & 7 & 9 & 9.0 & 5 \\4 & 5 & 9 & 12 & 7 & 10 & 8.6 & 7 \\5 & 8 & 3 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 7.6 & 7 \\6 & 9 & 7 & 9 & 6 & 9 & 8.0 & 3 \\7 & 10 & 10 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 7.6 & 5 \\8 & 10 & 9 & 10 & 6 & 5 & 8.0 & 5 \\9 & 6 & 10 & 6 & 9 & 9 & 8.0 & 4 \\10 & 6 & 9 & 8 & 6 & 8 & 7.4 & 3 \\11 & 8 & 5 & 6 & 10 & 10 & 7.8 & 5 \\12 & 6 & 4 & 7 & 7 & 12 & 7.2 & 8 \\13 & 7 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 9 & 6.8 & 4 \\14 & 5 & 8 & 8 & 7 & 6 & 6.8 & 3 \\15 & 7 & 12 & 10 & 6 & 10 & 9.0 & 6 \\16 & 7 & 11 & 4 & 7 & 8 & 7.4 & 7 \\17 & 8 & 4 & 5 & 4 & 7 & 5.6 & 4 \\18 & 11 & 4 & 11 & 11 & 10 & 9.4 & 7 \\19 & 6 & 10 & 6 & 10 & 10 & 8.4 & 4 \\20 & 6 & 12 & 12 & 6 & 8 & 8.8 & 6\end{array}$

-Referring to Instruction 18-8,based on the chart for the number of blemishes,it appears that the process is out of control.

Question 73

Instruction 18-10
A supplier of silicone sheets for producers of computer chips wants to evaluate her manufacturing process. She takes a sample size of five from each day's output and counts the number of blemishes on each silicone sheet. The results from 20 days of such evaluations are presented below. She also decides that the upper specification limit is 10 blemishes.
$\begin{array}{llllllll}\text{Day}&1&2&3&4&5&\text{Mean}&\text{Range}\\\hline1 & 8 & 10 & 14 & 6 & 5 & 8.6 & 9 \\2 & 8 & 13 & 6 & 6 & 10 & 8.6 & 7 \\3 & 10 & 12 & 7 & 7 & 9 & 9.0 & 5 \\4 & 5 & 9 & 12 & 7 & 10 & 8.6 & 7 \\5 & 8 & 3 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 7.6 & 7 \\6 & 9 & 7 & 9 & 6 & 9 & 8.0 & 3 \\7 & 10 & 10 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 7.6 & 5 \\8 & 10 & 9 & 10 & 6 & 5 & 8.0 & 5 \\9 & 6 & 10 & 6 & 9 & 9 & 8.0 & 4 \\10 & 6 & 9 & 8 & 6 & 8 & 7.4 & 3 \\11 & 8 & 5 & 6 & 10 & 10 & 7.8 & 5 \\12 & 6 & 4 & 7 & 7 & 12 & 7.2 & 8 \\13 & 7 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 9 & 6.8 & 4 \\14 & 5 & 8 & 8 & 7 & 6 & 6.8 & 3 \\15 & 7 & 12 & 10 & 6 & 10 & 9.0 & 6 \\16 & 7 & 11 & 4 & 7 & 8 & 7.4 & 7 \\17 & 8 & 4 & 5 & 4 & 7 & 5.6 & 4 \\18 & 11 & 4 & 11 & 11 & 10 & 9.4 & 7 \\19 & 6 & 10 & 6 & 10 & 10 & 8.4 & 4 \\20 & 6 & 12 & 12 & 6 & 8 & 8.8 & 6\end{array}$


-Referring to Instruction 18-10,an R chart is to be constructed for the number of blemishes.The centre line of this R chart is located at _______.

Question 74

Instruction 18-11
Recently, a university switched to a new type of computer-based registration. The registrar is concerned with the amount of time students are spending on the computer registering under the new system. She decides to randomly select eight students on each of the 12 days of the registration and determine the time each spends on the computer registering. The range, mean, and standard deviation of the times required to register are in the table that follows.
$\begin{array}{llll}\text { Day } &\text { Range } & \text { Mean }&\text { Std. Dev }\\\hline1 & 10 & 5.250 & 3.4949 \\2 & 31 & 15.250 & 10.3060 \\3 & 13 & 20.375 & 4.9262 \\4 & 21 & 22.875 & 8.3911 \\5 & 35 & 8.500 & 11.3767 \\6 & 18 & 7.875 & 6.9372 \\7 & 25 & 11.250 & 8.5815 \\8 & 30 & 7.875 & 9.5235 \\9 & 17 & 10.250 & 6.3640 \\10 & 22 & 9.500 & 7.8740 \\11 & 27 & 7.875 & 8.7086 \\12 & 26 & 12.875 & 9.3723\end{array}$


-Referring to Instruction 18-11,an R chart is to be constructed for the time required to register.One way to create the lower control limit involves multiplying the mean of the sample ranges by D₃.For this data set,the value of D₃ is _______.

Question 75

Instruction 18-7
A factory supervisor is concerned that the time it takes workers to complete an important production task (measured in seconds) is too erratic and adversely affects expected profits. The supervisor proceeds by randomly sampling five individuals per hour for a period of 10 hours. The sample mean and range for each hour are listed below.
She also decides that lower and upper specification limit for the critical-to-quality variable should be 10 and 30 seconds, respectively.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Hour } & \underline { \underline { X } } & \underline { R } \\\hline 1 & 18.4 & 25 \\\hline 2 & 16.9 & 27 \\\hline 3 & 23.0 & 30 \\\hline 4 & 21.2 & 23 \\\hline 5 & 21.0 & 24 \\\hline 6 & 24.0 & 25 \\\hline 7 & 19.3 & 12 \\\hline 8 & 15.8 & 14 \\\hline 9 & 20.0 & 13 \\\hline 10 & 23.0 & 11 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-Referring to Instruction 18-7,suppose the supervisor constructs an R chart to see if the process is in control.What are the lower and upper control limits of this chart?

A) 10.00, 30.00
B) 8.49, 32.03
C) 4.96, 35.56
D) 5.39, 35.13

Question 76

Instruction 18-10
A supplier of silicone sheets for producers of computer chips wants to evaluate her manufacturing process. She takes a sample size of five from each day's output and counts the number of blemishes on each silicone sheet. The results from 20 days of such evaluations are presented below. She also decides that the upper specification limit is 10 blemishes.
$\begin{array}{llllllll}\text{Day}&1&2&3&4&5&\text{Mean}&\text{Range}\\\hline1 & 8 & 10 & 14 & 6 & 5 & 8.6 & 9 \\2 & 8 & 13 & 6 & 6 & 10 & 8.6 & 7 \\3 & 10 & 12 & 7 & 7 & 9 & 9.0 & 5 \\4 & 5 & 9 & 12 & 7 & 10 & 8.6 & 7 \\5 & 8 & 3 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 7.6 & 7 \\6 & 9 & 7 & 9 & 6 & 9 & 8.0 & 3 \\7 & 10 & 10 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 7.6 & 5 \\8 & 10 & 9 & 10 & 6 & 5 & 8.0 & 5 \\9 & 6 & 10 & 6 & 9 & 9 & 8.0 & 4 \\10 & 6 & 9 & 8 & 6 & 8 & 7.4 & 3 \\11 & 8 & 5 & 6 & 10 & 10 & 7.8 & 5 \\12 & 6 & 4 & 7 & 7 & 12 & 7.2 & 8 \\13 & 7 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 9 & 6.8 & 4 \\14 & 5 & 8 & 8 & 7 & 6 & 6.8 & 3 \\15 & 7 & 12 & 10 & 6 & 10 & 9.0 & 6 \\16 & 7 & 11 & 4 & 7 & 8 & 7.4 & 7 \\17 & 8 & 4 & 5 & 4 & 7 & 5.6 & 4 \\18 & 11 & 4 & 11 & 11 & 10 & 9.4 & 7 \\19 & 6 & 10 & 6 & 10 & 10 & 8.4 & 4 \\20 & 6 & 12 & 12 & 6 & 8 & 8.8 & 6\end{array}$


-Referring to Instruction 18-10,the chart is to be used for the number of blemishes.The lower control limit for this data set is _______,while the upper control limit is _______.

Question 77

Instruction 18-10
A supplier of silicone sheets for producers of computer chips wants to evaluate her manufacturing process. She takes a sample size of five from each day's output and counts the number of blemishes on each silicone sheet. The results from 20 days of such evaluations are presented below. She also decides that the upper specification limit is 10 blemishes.
$\begin{array}{llllllll}\text{Day}&1&2&3&4&5&\text{Mean}&\text{Range}\\\hline1 & 8 & 10 & 14 & 6 & 5 & 8.6 & 9 \\2 & 8 & 13 & 6 & 6 & 10 & 8.6 & 7 \\3 & 10 & 12 & 7 & 7 & 9 & 9.0 & 5 \\4 & 5 & 9 & 12 & 7 & 10 & 8.6 & 7 \\5 & 8 & 3 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 7.6 & 7 \\6 & 9 & 7 & 9 & 6 & 9 & 8.0 & 3 \\7 & 10 & 10 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 7.6 & 5 \\8 & 10 & 9 & 10 & 6 & 5 & 8.0 & 5 \\9 & 6 & 10 & 6 & 9 & 9 & 8.0 & 4 \\10 & 6 & 9 & 8 & 6 & 8 & 7.4 & 3 \\11 & 8 & 5 & 6 & 10 & 10 & 7.8 & 5 \\12 & 6 & 4 & 7 & 7 & 12 & 7.2 & 8 \\13 & 7 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 9 & 6.8 & 4 \\14 & 5 & 8 & 8 & 7 & 6 & 6.8 & 3 \\15 & 7 & 12 & 10 & 6 & 10 & 9.0 & 6 \\16 & 7 & 11 & 4 & 7 & 8 & 7.4 & 7 \\17 & 8 & 4 & 5 & 4 & 7 & 5.6 & 4 \\18 & 11 & 4 & 11 & 11 & 10 & 9.4 & 7 \\19 & 6 & 10 & 6 & 10 & 10 & 8.4 & 4 \\20 & 6 & 12 & 12 & 6 & 8 & 8.8 & 6\end{array}$


-Referring to Instruction 18-10,an R chart is to be constructed for the number of blemishes.One way to create the upper control limit involves multiplying the mean of the sample ranges by D_4. For this data set,the value of _D4 is _______.

Question 78

Instruction 18-10
A supplier of silicone sheets for producers of computer chips wants to evaluate her manufacturing process. She takes a sample size of five from each day's output and counts the number of blemishes on each silicone sheet. The results from 20 days of such evaluations are presented below. She also decides that the upper specification limit is 10 blemishes.
$\begin{array}{llllllll}\text{Day}&1&2&3&4&5&\text{Mean}&\text{Range}\\\hline1 & 8 & 10 & 14 & 6 & 5 & 8.6 & 9 \\2 & 8 & 13 & 6 & 6 & 10 & 8.6 & 7 \\3 & 10 & 12 & 7 & 7 & 9 & 9.0 & 5 \\4 & 5 & 9 & 12 & 7 & 10 & 8.6 & 7 \\5 & 8 & 3 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 7.6 & 7 \\6 & 9 & 7 & 9 & 6 & 9 & 8.0 & 3 \\7 & 10 & 10 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 7.6 & 5 \\8 & 10 & 9 & 10 & 6 & 5 & 8.0 & 5 \\9 & 6 & 10 & 6 & 9 & 9 & 8.0 & 4 \\10 & 6 & 9 & 8 & 6 & 8 & 7.4 & 3 \\11 & 8 & 5 & 6 & 10 & 10 & 7.8 & 5 \\12 & 6 & 4 & 7 & 7 & 12 & 7.2 & 8 \\13 & 7 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 9 & 6.8 & 4 \\14 & 5 & 8 & 8 & 7 & 6 & 6.8 & 3 \\15 & 7 & 12 & 10 & 6 & 10 & 9.0 & 6 \\16 & 7 & 11 & 4 & 7 & 8 & 7.4 & 7 \\17 & 8 & 4 & 5 & 4 & 7 & 5.6 & 4 \\18 & 11 & 4 & 11 & 11 & 10 & 9.4 & 7 \\19 & 6 & 10 & 6 & 10 & 10 & 8.4 & 4 \\20 & 6 & 12 & 12 & 6 & 8 & 8.8 & 6\end{array}$


-Referring to Instruction 18-10,the chart is to be used for the number of blemishes.The centre line of this chart is located at _______.

Question 79

Instruction 18-10
A supplier of silicone sheets for producers of computer chips wants to evaluate her manufacturing process. She takes a sample size of five from each day's output and counts the number of blemishes on each silicone sheet. The results from 20 days of such evaluations are presented below. She also decides that the upper specification limit is 10 blemishes.
$\begin{array}{llllllll}\text{Day}&1&2&3&4&5&\text{Mean}&\text{Range}\\\hline1 & 8 & 10 & 14 & 6 & 5 & 8.6 & 9 \\2 & 8 & 13 & 6 & 6 & 10 & 8.6 & 7 \\3 & 10 & 12 & 7 & 7 & 9 & 9.0 & 5 \\4 & 5 & 9 & 12 & 7 & 10 & 8.6 & 7 \\5 & 8 & 3 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 7.6 & 7 \\6 & 9 & 7 & 9 & 6 & 9 & 8.0 & 3 \\7 & 10 & 10 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 7.6 & 5 \\8 & 10 & 9 & 10 & 6 & 5 & 8.0 & 5 \\9 & 6 & 10 & 6 & 9 & 9 & 8.0 & 4 \\10 & 6 & 9 & 8 & 6 & 8 & 7.4 & 3 \\11 & 8 & 5 & 6 & 10 & 10 & 7.8 & 5 \\12 & 6 & 4 & 7 & 7 & 12 & 7.2 & 8 \\13 & 7 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 9 & 6.8 & 4 \\14 & 5 & 8 & 8 & 7 & 6 & 6.8 & 3 \\15 & 7 & 12 & 10 & 6 & 10 & 9.0 & 6 \\16 & 7 & 11 & 4 & 7 & 8 & 7.4 & 7 \\17 & 8 & 4 & 5 & 4 & 7 & 5.6 & 4 \\18 & 11 & 4 & 11 & 11 & 10 & 9.4 & 7 \\19 & 6 & 10 & 6 & 10 & 10 & 8.4 & 4 \\20 & 6 & 12 & 12 & 6 & 8 & 8.8 & 6\end{array}$


-Referring to Instruction 18-10,an R chart is to be constructed for the number of blemishes.The lower control limit for this data set is _______.

Question 80

Instruction 18-11
Recently, a university switched to a new type of computer-based registration. The registrar is concerned with the amount of time students are spending on the computer registering under the new system. She decides to randomly select eight students on each of the 12 days of the registration and determine the time each spends on the computer registering. The range, mean, and standard deviation of the times required to register are in the table that follows.
$\begin{array}{llll}\text { Day } &\text { Range } & \text { Mean }&\text { Std. Dev }\\\hline1 & 10 & 5.250 & 3.4949 \\2 & 31 & 15.250 & 10.3060 \\3 & 13 & 20.375 & 4.9262 \\4 & 21 & 22.875 & 8.3911 \\5 & 35 & 8.500 & 11.3767 \\6 & 18 & 7.875 & 6.9372 \\7 & 25 & 11.250 & 8.5815 \\8 & 30 & 7.875 & 9.5235 \\9 & 17 & 10.250 & 6.3640 \\10 & 22 & 9.500 & 7.8740 \\11 & 27 & 7.875 & 8.7086 \\12 & 26 & 12.875 & 9.3723\end{array}$


-Referring to Instruction 18-11,an R chart is to be constructed for the time required to register.One way to create the upper control limit involves multiplying the mean of the sample ranges by D₄.For this data set,the value of D₄ is _______.