Deck 3: Biological Psychology

Question 1

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

A)To serve as a structure for neurons
B)To monitor neural activity
C)To speed up the neural transmission
D)To produce neurotransmitters

Answer 1

To speed up the neural transmission

Question 2

The two types of glial cells are called ________ and ________.

A)occipital cells; lobitical cells
B)astrocytes; oligodendrocytes
C)occipitals; Schwanns
D)oligodendrocytes; lobitical cells

Answer 2

astrocytes; oligodendrocytes

Question 3

Neurotransmitters are found in the

A)mitochondria.
B)cell body.
C)synaptic vesicles.
D)dendritic spines.

Answer 3

synaptic vesicles.

Question 4

The knoblike structures at the far end of the axon are called ________.

A)axon terminals
B)synaptic vesicles
C)synapses
D)receptor sites

Question 5

The saclike structures found inside the axon terminals containing chemicals are called ________.

A)axon terminals
B)synapses
C)synaptic vesicles
D)receptor sites

Question 6

The state during which a neuron contains more negatively charged ions inside the cell than outside the cell and is not firing is referred to as the ________.

A)action potential
B)quiet potential
C)synaptic potential
D)resting potential

Question 7

A ________ is a fluid-Filled space between two neurons through which neurotransmitters travel. It is in this area where messages are transmitted chemically.

A)terminal button
B)synapse
C)neuronal membrane
D)synaptic vesicle

Question 8

The functioning of the human brain depends upon cross-talk among

A)glial cells.
B)neurons.
C)nodes of Ranvier.
D)reuptake vesicles.

Question 9

Your teacher asks you to describe the sequence of parts of a neuron that the impulse travels during neural conduction. Which of the following sequences will you offer?

A)Dendrites, axon, soma, synaptic knob
B)Terminal buttons, axon, soma dendrite
C)Axon, soma, dendrites, synaptic knob
D)Dendrites, soma, axon, axon terminal

Question 10

What are two primary roles of glial cells?

A)Forming myelin and forming the blood-brain barrier
B)Shaping cells and moving new neurons into place
C)Regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain detectors
D)Monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain

Question 11

The ________ speeds up the passage of electrical messages by acting as an insulator of the neuronal signal.

A)blood-brain barrier
B)terminal button
C)myelin sheath
D)synaptic vesicles

Question 12

The branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons are called ________.

A)axons
B)nerve bundles
C)dendrites
D)synapses

Question 13

You might think of ________ as being like a bodyguard for the nervous system, because they provide support for neurons, protect them, and respond to injury among other things.

Question 14

A cell in the human nervous system whose primary function is to help form myelin and the blood-brain barrier, respond to injury, remove debris, and enhance learning and memory is called a(n)________ cell.

A)epidermal
B)adipose
C)glial
D)polypeptide-Y

Question 15

What do we call the state of a neuron when there are no neurotransmitters acting on it?

A)Action potential
B)Resting potential
C)Myelination countersignal
D)Transmission dormancy

Question 16

Which part of the neuron is responsible for manufacturing proteins?

A)axon
B)cell body
C)dendrite
D)membrane

Question 17

There are approximately ________ neurons in your brain alone.

A)85 million
B)850 million
C)85 billion
D)85 trillion

Question 18

Which part of a neuron is a long, tail-like extension that carries messages out to other cells?

A)Soma
B)Axon
C)Dendrite
D)Cell membrane

Question 19

The ________ is the central region of the neuron that manufactures new cell components.

A)neuronal membrane
B)dendrite
C)axon
D)cell body

Question 20

The fluid-Filled space between the axon terminal of one cell and the dendrites of the next cell is called the ________.

A)receptor site
B)synapse
C)dendrite knob
D)axon terminal

Question 21

Endorphins are ________.

A)found where neurons meet skeletal muscles
B)less powerful than enkaphalins
C)pain-reducing neurotransmitters
D)radically different in function from neurotransmitters

Question 22

The process by which the synaptic vesicle absorbs the neurotransmitters that it just released is called ________.

Question 23

The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system, which plays a role in the relay of sensory information and learning, is

A)glutamate.
B)gamma-aminobutyric acid.
C)acetylcholine.
D)serotonin.

Question 24

________ play(s)a critical role as a neurotransmitter that stimulates muscles to contract.

A)Acetylcholine
B)GABA
C)Dopamine
D)Endorphins

Question 25

The voltage of −60 millivolts is known as the neuron's

A)postsynaptic potential.
B)resting potential.
C)action potential.
D)graded potential.

Question 26

Which of the following is true about neurotransmitters?

A)Neurotransmitters can bind to any receptor site.
B)Neurotransmitters bind to receptor sites that are specific to that type of neurotransmitter.
C)Neurotransmitters are responsible for communication within one neuron.
D)Neurotransmission may be enhanced by reuptake of the neurotransmitter back into the axon terminal.

Question 27

During an action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is ________ the electrical charge outside the neuron.

A)positive compared to
B)larger than
C)negative compared to
D)smaller than

Question 28

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Action potentials can occur in a rapid-fire sort of process, with no break between them.
B)Action potentials either fire completely or they do not fire at all.
C)Action potentials travel from the axon terminal to the dendrite.
D)Action potentials will jump from node to node only on demyelinated axons.

Question 29

Andy has decided to seek medical help for mood disturbances and appetite problems. Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in the problems Andy is experiencing?

A)GABA
B)Dopamine
C)Serotonin
D)Acetylcholine

Question 30

"All or none" is the principle stating that

A)a neuron either fires or does not fire.
B)a neuron either releases all of its neurotransmitters or it releases none at all.
C)all the dendrites must be receiving messages telling the neuron to fire or it will not fire at all.
D)all somas must be receiving messages telling the neuron to fire or it will not fire at all.

Question 31

Isabella is putting mustard on her hot dog. She realises she has put on too much and sucks up some of it back into the squeeze bottle. This process is similar to

A)the action potential.
B)receptor site bindings.
C)binding specificity.
D)reuptake.

Question 32

The brief time during which another action potential cannot occur is called the absolute ________ period.

Question 33

Owantu let out an ear-piercing scream when he became frightened. He was unable to stimulate those neurons for a brief time after their firing because of the

A)regenerative timeout.
B)potential gradation.
C)absolute refractory period.
D)relative refractory period.

Question 34

The consumption of alcohol, as well as the ingestion of antianxiety drugs, both work to increase the activity of ________, which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter.

A)GABA
B)serotonin
C)acetylcholine
D)dopamine

Question 35

The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system is

A)glutamate.
B)gamma-aminobutyric acid.
C)acetylcholine.
D)serotonin.

Question 36

When a neuron fires, it fires in a(n)________ fashion, as there is no such thing as "partial" firing.

A)all-or-none
B)rapid fire
C)accidental patterned
D)quick succession

Question 37

When a(n)________ ________ occurs, its motion begins near the cell body and works its way down towards the axon terminals.

Question 38

Neurons in virtually every brain area use these neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons. They are

A)glutamate and GABA.
B)GABA and acetylcholine.
C)glutamate and serotonin.
D)dopamine and serotonin.

Question 39

Which neurotransmitter is associated with arousal and our response to stimuli?

A)GABA
B)Serotonin
C)Dopamine
D)Acetylcholine

Question 40

Which structure is like a locked door that only certain neurotransmitter keys can unlock?

A)Synapses
B)Receptor sites
C)Neural chiasms
D)Response terminals

Question 41

Marta was in an automobile accident and suffered an injury to her brain resulting in the paralysis of her left arm. What part of Marta's brain was injured?

A)Auditory association area
B)Motor cortex
C)Somatosensory cortex
D)Broca's area

Question 42

One theory of infantile autism suggests that ________ may be the cause of the disorder.

A)inadequate synaptogenesis
B)inadequate dendrite and axon growth
C)inadequate pruning
D)inadequate myelination

Question 43

Hortense was in a terrible accident, and part of her brain was injured. The result was that she lost the ability to control the musculature in her body and experienced random ticks, twitches, and movements nearly all of the time. Hortense probably suffered damage to the ________ cortex of her brain.

Question 44

The two main divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.

A)brain; spinal cord
B)autonomic; somatic nervous systems
C)peripheral nervous system; central nervous system
D)glands; muscles

Question 45

The corpus callosum

A)facilitates communication between the two halves of the cerebral cortex.
B)is made of fibrous muscle that holds the hemispheres together.
C)causes a vegetative state when severed accidentally.
D)is the boundary between the brainstem and the reticular activating system.

Question 46

The ________ nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord.

A)central
B)autonomic
C)peripheral
D)somatic

Question 47

Will people paralysed from spinal cord injury walk again someday? How does the use of stem cell research influence this important topic?

Question 48

________ is the creation of new neurons in the adult brain.

A)Neurogenesis
B)Neural plasticity
C)Long term potentiation
D)Synaptogenesis

Question 49

The frontal lobe is responsible for motor function, language, and memory, as well as the job of overseeing most other mental functions. We call this ability ________.

Question 50

Within neurons, the term potentiation refers to

A)synapses that show stronger and prolonged excitatory responses.
B)structural changes in the neuron.
C)neural plasticity.
D)maturational development.

Question 51

Mobombi had completed about a quarter of the distance in the marathon in which he was a participant. Suddenly, he stumbled and fell. Despite feeling a sharp pain initially, he got up and continued to run until he completed the race. Upon crossing the finish line, he fell down writhing in pain. When checked out, it was discovered that Mobombi had broken his leg. He was able to run the remainder of the marathon relatively pain free due to the release of

A)neuropeptides.
B)amino acids.
C)monoamines.
D)endorphins.

Question 52

________ are short strings of amino acids found in the nervous system. They act somewhat like neurotransmitters.

Question 53

Tranquilisers like Xanax work to diminish anxiety symptoms by stimulating the receptor sites for ________, thereby driving down neuronal activity at those sites.

A)glutamate
B)serotonin
C)acetylcholine
D)GABA

Question 54

Drugs that decrease a neuron's receptor site activity are called

A)agonists.
B)antagonists.
C)excitatory.
D)reuptake blockers.

Question 55

Discuss the lobes of the cerebral cortex, including their roles.

Question 56

The part of the brain known as the ________ is the most highly developed area in the human brain.

Question 57

Jack suffered a brain injury as a result of hitting his head while waterskiing. One of the problems that developed was that Jack, until he had extensive speech therapy, could not pronounce certain words correctly for a long period of time. Now Jack can speak as he did before his accident. This is an example of the brain's ________, which allowed the structure and function of Jack's brain cells to change to adjust to the trauma.

A)adaptology
B)stagnation
C)plasticity
D)reflex arc

Question 58

________ is the creation of new cells in the adult brain.

Question 59

The use of embryonic ________ cells, though hotly debated as both a medical and social issue, may have the potential for helping to cure many serious diseases and injuries.

Question 60

Because they have similar chemical structures, morphine and other opiates are able to lock into receptor sites for ________.

A)GABA
B)serotonin
C)dopamine
D)endorphins

Question 61

The ________ regulates and maintains constant internal bodily states.

A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)amygdala
D)hippocampus

Question 62

Which of the following lobes of the cerebral cortex contains the primary sensory cortex?

A)Occipital
B)Frontal
C)Temporal
D)Parietal

Question 63

Ito was driving through a rough part of town late at night when a stray bullet hit the front side of his head. Both the left and right sides of his prefrontal cortex were severely damaged. As a result of the accident, Ito most likely

A)died from his injuries.
B)suffered loss of his arms and legs.
C)lost his sense of hearing.
D)suffered a change in personality.

Question 64

After getting hit in the head with a line drive during a baseball game, Clancy had difficulties forming and encoding new memories. Strangely, though, he had no difficulty accessing his older memories. Clancy probably suffered an injury to his ________.

Question 65

Bill was admitted to the hospital last week after he fell. When Bill's son visited, he found his father was unable to get words out in a smooth, connected fashion. If Bill's difficulty speaking is due to brain damage, what is the likely location of the damage?

A)Broca's area
B)Gall's area
C)Wernicke's area
D)Korsakoff's area

Question 66

John has decided to start to learn how to wrestle. On his first day at practice, a seasoned wrestler slams the back of his head to the mat. John was shaken and reported to the trainer that he "saw stars" after he hit his head. As a result of "seeing stars," John's ________ was temporarily affected as a result of the slam.

A)corpus callosum
B)occipital lobe
C)parietal lobe
D)somatosensory cortex

Question 67

After suffering a brain injury by falling from a ladder, Zack's wife continues to tell the doctor that his personality has changed. He used to be fun loving and carefree, but he is now more critical and yells at his children for seemingly little reason. Zack is likely to have suffered damage to the ________ lobe of his cortex.

A)occipital
B)parietal
C)temporal
D)frontal

Question 68

Eating, drinking, sexual motivation, and body temperature control are most strongly influenced by the ________.

A)hippocampus
B)thalamus
C)hypothalamus
D)amygdala

Question 69

Which of the following is a group of several interconnected brain structures involved in emotion, memory, smell, and motivation?

A)The limbic system
B)The cerebellum
C)The cerebral cortex
D)The neocortex

Question 70

Structures buried deep inside the cortex that help to control movement are called the

A)basal ganglia.
B)putamen.
C)meninges.
D)cerebral ventricles.

Question 71

Phineas Gage tragically had a tamping iron propelled through his head. Both left and right sides of the prefrontal cortex were severely damaged. As a result of the accident, Phineas Gage

A)died from his injuries.
B)suffered loss of his arms and legs.
C)lost his sense of hearing.
D)suffered a change in personality.

Question 72

Which of the following is the section of the brain located at the rear of each cerebral hemisphere and contains the visual centres of the brain?

A)Occipital lobe
B)Frontal lobe
C)Temporal lobe
D)Parietal lobe

Question 73

The part of the brain dedicated to emotion is called the ________.

Question 74

Of the following functions, which is NOT controlled by the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex?

A)Storing memories of our past
B)Hearing
C)Processing visual images
D)Understanding language

Question 75

Darla was in an automobile accident that resulted in an injury to her brain. Her sense of touch has been affected. Which part of the brain is the most likely site of the damage?

A)Frontal lobe
B)Temporal lobe
C)Occipital lobe
D)Parietal lobes

Question 76

After a head injury, a person reports that she is unable to see, although her eyes are uninjured. A doctor would suspect an injury in the ________ lobe.

A)occipital
B)parietal
C)temporal
D)frontal

Question 77

The ________ regulates and maintains constant internal bodily states such as hunger, thirst, sexual motivation, and body temperature.

Question 78

Mary suffered a head injury in a car accident last week. Since that time she is able to speak fluently but has difficulty understanding what is being said to her. Mary may be exhibiting problems associated with ________ area.

A)Broca's
B)Gall's
C)Wernicke's
D)Korsakoff's

Question 79

What part of the brain acts as a relay station for incoming sensory information?

A)Hypothalamus
B)Thalamus
C)Pituitary gland
D)Endocrine system

Question 80

The part of the brain dedicated to emotion is the

A)endocrine system.
B)limbic system.
C)reticular activating system.
D)lymphatic system.