Deck 18: Synthetic and Biological Polymers

Question 1

Which of the following statements about a DNA molecule is incorrect?

A)All DNA molecules are made from a repeating unit consisting of a phosphate group, a sugar group, and an amine base.
B)Complementary base pairs in DNA molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds.
C)Normal DNA is double-stranded and helical in shape.
D)Complementary bases in DNA molecules are held together by covalent bonds.

Answer 1

Complementary bases in DNA molecules are held together by covalent bonds.

Question 2

Which of the following may be classified as a natural biopolymer?

A)carbohydrate
B)protein
C)DNA
D)all of the above

Answer 2

all of the above

Question 3

The number of amino acids that define the difference in shape between a normal hemoglobin molecule and that of a sickle-cell anemia patient is ________.

A)1
B)5
C)10
D)all

Answer 3

1

Question 4

The number of amino acids that are used to build all proteins is ________.

A)4
B)10
C)20
D)30

Question 5

The name of the bond that combines two amino acids together is called ________.

A)peptide
B)glycoside
C)acetal
D)ketal

Question 6

What two functional groups are found at the ends of any protein structure?

A)alcohol and amine
B)amine and carboxlyic acid
C)alcohol and carboxlyic acid
D)amine and aldehyde

Question 7

According to the text, the number of amino acids that a human body cannot synthesize is ________.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20

Question 8

Teflon's monomer is ________.

A)tetrafluoroethane
B)tetrafluoroethene
C)tetrafluorooctane
D)tetrafluorobenzene

Question 9

Which of the following is not an amino acid?

A)threonine
B)tyrosine
C)thymine
D)lysine

Question 10

Which of the following does not appear in a DNA strand?

A)deoxyribose sugar
B)phosphate
C)amino acids
D)amine base

Question 11

The term used to describe a substance with a medium number of amino acids is ________.

A)peptide
B)polypeptide
C)protein
D)polymer

Question 12

What is the biomolecule found in the shell of a virus?

A)carbohydrate
B)DNA
C)fatty acid
D)protein

Question 13

The monomer of PVC is ________.

A)chloroethene
B)chloroethane
C)chloroethyne
D)chlorbenzene

Question 14

The bond found in Nylon-66 is a(n)________ bond.

A)amide
B)ester
C)ketone
D)alcohol

Question 15

Which of the following is not an amine base present in DNA?

A)thymine
B)alanine
C)cytosine
D)guanine

Question 16

Which of the following is made out of PVC?

A)tiles
B)raincoats
C)plumbing pipes that carry sewage
D)all of the above

Question 17

Which of the following nucleic acids is not found in DNA?

A)guanine
B)uracil
C)cytosine
D)adenine

Question 18

What is the repeating monomer found in cellulose?

A)glucose
B)fructose
C)sucrose
D)amylose

Question 19

DNA molecules, as found in human cells, are best described as:

A)a large, single-stranded molecule made of proteins.
B)a large, single-stranded molecule that contains phosphate groups, carbohydrate units, and bases from amino acids.
C)a polysaccharide.
D)a large, double-stranded molecule made of amino acids.

Question 20

Which of the following amino acids is basic?

A)lysine
B)alanine
C)glycine
D)glutamic acid

Question 21

All amino acids are made of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

Question 22

The complete human genetic "blueprint" (the human genome)was determined many years ago, and is really not all that complicated.

Question 23

Human DNA molecules consist of just a single strand, just like protein molecules.

Question 24

Polymers are very large molecules.

Question 25

Properly connect three monomeric acrylonitrile units (the structure of acrylonitrile is provided below)to make a short segment of the polymer polyacrylonitrile.

Question 26

Lysine is considered an essential amino acid.

Question 27

Draw the repeating, monomeric unit of Kevlar, a polyamide made from terephthalic acid and
1,4-diaminobenzene. These compounds are pictured below:

Question 28

Construct a polypeptide consisting of alanine, valine, and serine. Circle the peptide bonds. The structures of the amino acids (prior to linkage)are shown below:

Question 29

The human body is able to synthesize as much of every type of amino acid as it needs.

Question 30

Properly connect three monomeric chloroprene units (the structure of chloroprene is provided below)to make a short segment of the polymer neoprene, polychloroprene.

Question 31

Teflon is synthesized with a monomer containing carbons and chlorines.

Question 32

Only 10 different amino acids are needed to build every type of protein molecule found in humans.

Question 33

Nylon contains only one type of monomer.

Question 34

Through the "genetic engineering" of human DNA, it is hoped that someday a wide variety of diseases can be prevented or cured.

Question 35

Amino acids are the smallest building blocks for proteins .

Question 36

Sucrose is the smallest building block for carbohydrates.

Question 37

DNA molecules contain specific, four base pair codes, which can be assigned to the individual amino acids.

Question 38

Write the three-letter, abbreviated amino acid sequence of this polypeptide (review the figure in the text that shows the structures of the various amino acid residues while doing this exercise):

Question 39

Viruses are not, technically, truly living organisms.

Question 40

DNA molecules contain "codes," from which proteins and other materials can eventually be synthesized.

Question 42

Construct the complementary strand of this piece of a DNA molecule:
G T A C C T T G G T A A T T G

Question 43

Assume the following three-base code system is true: Construct the amino acid sequence coded by the following piece of a DNA molecule:
T T A A T A G C C G C C G A C

Question 44

Contrast the terms "monomer" and "monosaccharide." What types of materials are usually constructed from monomers? What types of materials are usually made from monosaccharides?

Question 45

Think for a moment about the terms "polymer" and "polysaccharide". Is it right to refer to polysaccharides as "nature's polymers"? Why or why not?

Question 46

Assume the following three-base code system is true: Construct the amino acid sequence coded by the following piece of a DNA molecule:
A T A T T A G A C G C C C C T G T A T T A

Question 47

Match the plastic in the questons with the monomer in the list below.

Question 48

Cellulose and starch are both polysaccharides of glucose. Explain why humans can consume and digest starch but not cellulose.