Deck 2: Digestion and Absorption

Question 1

The stomach empties into the:

A)ileum.
B)cecum.
C)jejunum.
D)duodenum.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The function of mucus in the stomach is to:

A)neutralize stomach acid.
B)activate pepsinogen to pepsin.
C)protect stomach cells from gastric juices.
D)emulsify fats.
E)collect bacteria.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Peristalsis is a term that refers to the:

A)circulation of blood in the blood vessels.
B)absorption of nutrients in the intestines.
C)mixing and moving of food through the lymphatic system.
D)last phase of digestion.
E)action of the involuntary muscles of the digestive tract.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

A bolus is a(n):

A)sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
B)portion of food swallowed at one time.
C)enzyme that hydrolyzes starch.
D)portion of partially digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum.

Question 5

Saliva contains an enzyme that digests:

A)proteins.
B)minerals.
C)starches.
D)vitamins.
E)fiber.

Question 6

The major digestive work in the stomach is the initial breakdown of:

A)starch.
B)proteins.
C)fat.
D)vitamins.

Question 7

Chyme is:

A)a semiliquid mass of partially digested food.
B)a portion of food swallowed at one time.
C)an enzyme in the stomach needed for the digestion of protein.
D)an esophageal secretion.

Question 8

The movement of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine is regulated by the:

A)pancreas.
B)pyloric sphincter.
C)ileocecal valve.
D)duodenum.

Question 9

The normal pH of the stomach is:

A)very acidic.
B)slightly acidic.
C)neutral.
D)slightly alkaline.
E)strongly alkaline.

Question 10

The digestive tract begins at the ____ and ends at the ____.

A)stomach; large intestine
B)pharynx; rectum
C)lower esophageal sphincter; rectum
D)mouth; anus

Question 11

Which enzyme breaks down starch in the mouth?

A)lingual protease
B)lipase
C)salivary amylase
D)gastric protease
E)secretin

Question 12

Enzymes:

A)facilitate chemical reactions.
B)draw water into the small intestine.
C)are present in all parts of the GI tract.
D)encourage bacterial growth.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a component of gastric juice?

A)water
B)enzymes
C)chylomicrons
D)hydrochloric acid

Question 14

Which of the following organs does not contribute juices during digestion?

A)salivary glands
B)small intestine
C)pancreas
D)esophagus

Question 15

The _____ is formed in the mouth.

A)bile
B)bolus
C)chyme
D)villus

Question 16

The _____ prevents food from entering the lungs.

A)lower esophageal sphincter
B)pharynx
C)ileocecal valve
D)epiglottis

Question 17

Involuntary muscle contractions move food through the intestinal tract.The movement that forces the contents back a few inches before pushing it forward again is called:

A)segmentation.
B)rotation.
C)peristalsis.
D)liquefaction.

Question 18

Immediately before passing into the large intestine, the food mass must pass though the:

A)pyloric sphincter.
B)lower esophageal sphincter.
C)ileocecal valve.
D)bolus.

Question 19

Two organs that secrete digestive juices into the small intestine are the _____ and _____.

A)gallbladder; pancreas
B)pancreas; liver
C)gallbladder; liver
D)duodenum; pancreas

Question 20

Another name for the digestive tract is the:

A)urinary tract.
B)exocrine system.
C)gastrointestinal system.
D)muscular system.

Question 21

Which of the following contains no digestive enzymes?

A)saliva
B)gastric juice
C)intestinal juice
D)bile

Question 22

The liver:

A)reabsorbs water and salts.
B)secretes bile.
C)churns food to chyme.
D)performs enzymatic digestion.
E)stores bile.

Question 23

Which of the following does not secrete digestive juices?

A)stomach
B)pancreas
C)salivary glands
D)large intestine

Question 24

In addition to hydrochloric acid, the stomach cells also secrete:

A)mucus.
B)bile.
C)amylase.
D)lipoproteins.
E)cholesterol.

Question 25

Which of the following foods would take the most time to digest?

A)a piece of toast with strawberry jam
B)a grilled steak
C)a green salad with low-fat salad dressing
D)a cup of green beans

Question 26

The main function of bile is to:

A)emulsify fats.
B)stimulate the activity of protein digestive enzymes.
C)neutralize the intestinal contents.
D)decrease the acidity of the contents of the stomach.

Question 27

Bacteria in the GI tract perform all of the following functions except:

A)producing biotin.
B)protecting people from infection.
C)producing vitamin K.
D)producing bile.

Question 28

The emulsification of fat requires:

A)bile.
B)enzymes.
C)prostaglandins.
D)intestinal flora.

Question 29

Which of the following nutrients takes longest to digest?

A)fat
B)sugar
C)vitamin C
D)iron
E)glucose

Question 30

Which of the following organs is the primary source of digestive enzymes?

A)pancreas
B)gallbladder
C)stomach
D)liver

Question 31

Which of these foods would be digested most quickly?

A)sugar cookies
B)peanut butter sandwich and milk
C)stew and cornbread
D)hamburger, french fries, and milkshake

Question 32

Which nutrients must be broken down in order to be absorbed?

A)vitamins, minerals, water
B)carbohydrate, vitamins, minerals
C)fat, protein, minerals
D)carbohydrate, protein, fat

Question 33

The digestion of proteins begins in the _____ and ends in the _____.

A)stomach; pancreas
B)pancreas; small intestine
C)stomach; small intestine
D)small intestine; liver

Question 34

The major digestive enzyme secreted by the stomach is:

A)amylase.
B)lipase.
C)pepsin.
D)disaccharidase.

Question 35

After the pancreatic juices have mixed with chyme in the intestine, the resulting mixture is:

A)very acidic.
B)slightly acidic.
C)strongly alkaline.
D)slightly alkaline.

Question 36

Which nutrients are digested in the small intestine?

A)carbohydrate, fat, and protein
B)fat, water, and fiber
C)protein, vitamins, and fiber
D)water, fiber, and minerals

Question 37

If the gallbladder becomes diseased, the digestion of _____ can become compromised.

A)fat
B)protein
C)carbohydrate
D)fiber

Question 38

Fats present in the GI tract:

A)slow down the process of digestion and absorption.
B)cause difficulty in digestion.
C)stimulate and hasten digestion and absorption.
D)are carriers of thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin.

Question 39

Which of the following foods would be digested most rapidly?

A)a scoop of lemon sherbet
B)an apple
C)a baked potato with sour cream
D)a piece of cheese on a cracker

Question 40

The gallbladder:

A)reabsorbs water and salts.
B)churns food to chyme.
C)performs enzymatic digestion.
D)stores bile.

Question 41

After absorption, the water-soluble nutrients are released directly into the:

A)bloodstream.
B)kidneys.
C)liver.
D)lymph.

Question 42

When nutrients enter the blood vessels from the small intestine, they are first transported to the:

A)kidney.
B)liver.
C)cells throughout the body.
D)thoracic duct.

Question 43

Which of the following is not part of the structure of a chylomicron?

A)phospholipid
B)protein
C)triglyceride
D)water-soluble vitamins

Question 44

Which of the following factors is not required for optimal health and performance of the digestive system?

A)adequate sleep
B)enzyme supplements
C)mental state
D)nutrition

Question 45

The lipoprotein that contains the greatest proportion of triglyceride is the:

A)HDL.
B)LDL.
C)VLDL.
D)chylomicron.

Question 46

After absorption, the larger fats and fat-soluble vitamins are first released into the _____ transport system.

A)excretory
B)mesentery
C)vascular
D)lymphatic

Question 47

Once the digestive process is complete, the colon retrieves materials that the body must recycle.These materials are:

A)water and dissolved salts.
B)iron and water.
C)protein and sodium.
D)water and fiber.

Question 48

Which of the following nutrients is/are absorbed into the lymphatic system?

A)fat-soluble vitamins
B)water
C)amino acids
D)glucose

Question 49

The microscopic hairs that cover the surface of each cell lining the small intestine are called:

A)intestinal folds.
B)villi.
C)microvilli.
D)lymphatics.

Question 50

One of the functions of the colon is to absorb:

A)salts.
B)vitamins.
C)sugars.
D)fiber.

Question 51

Which of the following will cause a foodborne infection?

A)foods containing toxin-producing microbes
B)Clostridium botulinum
C)Campylobacter jejuni
D)Staphylococcus aureus

Question 52

A benefit of fiber is that it:

A)promotes mineral absorption.
B)aids in keeping stools soft.
C)prevents diarrhea.
D)keeps individual foods from getting mixed together.

Question 53

The primary site of nutrient absorption is the:

A)stomach.
B)pancreas.
C)small intestine.
D)large intestine.

Question 54

Which of the following is the body's major metabolic organ?

A)pancreas
B)small intestine
C)gallbladder
D)liver

Question 55

Villi are part of the structure of the:

A)esophagus.
B)stomach.
C)small intestine.
D)large intestine.

Question 56

After digestion, lipids are packaged for transport as lipoproteins known as:

A)HDL.
B)VLDL.
C)LDL.
D)chylomicrons.

Question 57

Fiber functions to:

A)aid in the absorption of vitamins.
B)produce GI bacteria.
C)stimulate the GI tract muscles.
D)stimulate the absorption of nutrients.

Question 58

Elevated LDL concentrations are associated with a high risk of heart disease because they:

A)transport cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the tissues.
B)carry excessive amounts of fat that is deposited around the heart.
C)encourage high levels of iron in the blood.
D)take excess cholesterol back to the liver, which increases the production of cholesterol.

Question 59

Elevated HDL concentrations are associated with a low risk of heart disease because they:

A)transport newly absorbed lipids from intestinal cells to the rest of the body.
B)carry cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the rest of the body.
C)carry lipids around in the blood more often than LDL.
D)take excess cholesterol and phospholipids from the tissues and return them to the liver.

Question 60

The lymphatic system:

A)contains fluid with the same composition as blood.
B)eventually drains into the blood circulatory system.
C)carries chylomicrons to the intestines.
D)is where metabolism of nutrients takes place.

Question 61

Explain what determines the rate of digestion of the energy nutrients.

Question 62

Should antacids be taken to decrease the strong acidity of the stomach? Explain your answer.

Question 63

Explain the benefits of intestinal microflora to health.

Question 64

To prevent bacterial growth when holding cooked foods, they should be kept at _____° F or higher until served.

A)40
B)140
C)165
D)200

Question 65

Leftovers should be used within _____ days.

A)5-7
B)3-4
C)2-3
D)1-2
Essay

Question 66

Describe the role of the stomach in the process of digestion.

Question 67

Outline and trace the path food follows through the digestive tract from one end to the other.

Question 68

Describe the difference between low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL).What is the relationship between blood levels of these lipoproteins and risk of heart disease?

Question 69

Matching

Question 70

Cold food should be stored at _____.

A)40° F or colder
B)55° F or colder
C)80° F or colder
D)140° F or colder

Question 71

To prevent foodborne illnesses:

A)Fresh produce should be washed before it is eaten.
B)Only new sponges and towels should be used in the kitchen.
C)Leftovers can safely be covered and left at room temperature until the next meal.
D)Meats should be marinated at room temperature.