Deck 5: Protein

Question 1

Which of the following is not one of the essential amino acids?

A)carnitine
B)phenylalanine
C)tryptophan
D)histidine

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Proteins differ from the other energy nutrients because they contain:

A)glycerol.
B)carbon.
C)fatty acids.
D)nitrogen.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A person is in positive nitrogen balance during:

A)growth.
B)old age.
C)exercise.
D)adulthood.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The DRI committee that reviewed the safety of amino acid supplements was unable to set Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for safe supplement use.

Question 5

Enzymes:

A)are made up of carbohydrate.
B)are essential to all life processes.
C)are altered by the chemical reactions they facilitate.
D)are essential nutrients.

Question 6

The basic building blocks of proteins are:

A)monosaccharides.
B)fatty acids.
C)ketones.
D)amino acids.

Question 7

Research supports the idea that vegetarians may actually be healthier than meat eaters.

Question 8

Individuals likely to be in negative nitrogen balance include all of the following except:

A)people who have burns.
B)individuals who are starving.
C)individuals who are pregnant.
D)people with serious injuries.

Question 9

Essential amino acids:

A)are found mostly in plant foods.
B)cannot be synthesized by the body.
C)cannot be supplied by the diet.
D)are the best source of energy for the body.

Question 10

An example of a conditionally essential amino acid is:

A)valine.
B)leucine.
C)lysine.
D)tyrosine.

Question 11

The component that distinguishes one amino acid from another is its:

A)side group.
B)backbone.
C)amino group.
D)acid group.

Question 12

The process of protein breakdown, recovery, and synthesis is called:

A)protein recovery.
B)the protein cycle.
C)protein turnover.
D)protein rotation.

Question 13

How many essential amino acids are required by the adult?

A)9
B)16
C)10
D)22

Question 14

Protein is:

A)unique in that it is the only dietary component that contains oxygen.
B)important primarily because it builds strong bones and teeth.
C)made up of 20 different amino acids.
D)made up of branches of amino acids combined with branches of glucose.

Question 15

The term "non-essential," as it applies to amino acids, means that:

A)the body does not require them.
B)they differ in their capacity to support growth.
C)the liver can produce those the body lacks.
D)they are not used to synthesize tissue.

Question 16

If the shape of a protein is changed, the _____ of the protein is changed.

A)function
B)size
C)electrical charge
D)nutritional value

Question 17

Vegans must carefully combine their plant protein foods in order to obtain the full array of essential amino acids.

Question 18

An essential amino acid:

A)is not necessary to the diet.
B)must be supplied by the diet.
C)can be made from glucose in the body.
D)can be made from fat in the body.

Question 19

Not all amino acids have to be supplied by food.This is true because:

A)not all necessary amino acids are found in food.
B)hormones furnish the missing amino acids.
C)the liver is able to manufacture some amino acids from others.
D)the liver is able to manufacture some amino acids from fatty acids.

Question 20

When a normal, healthy adult consumes twice as much protein as he requires, his nitrogen output will:

A)equal his nitrogen intake.
B)exceed his nitrogen intake.
C)depend on his genetics.
D)be less than his nitrogen intake.

Question 21

The end products of protein metabolism are excreted by the:

A)stomach.
B)liver.
C)kidneys.
D)gallbladder.

Question 22

Kwashiorkor most frequently develops among:

A)older adults.
B)newborns.
C)newly weaned children.
D)adolescents.
E)women.

Question 23

Which of the following proteins helps the body maintain its resistance to disease?

A)antibodies
B)collagen
C)hormones
D)hemoglobin

Question 24

The child with marasmus differs from the child with kwashiorkor in that the:

A)marasmic child has a swollen belly.
B)marasmic child experiences edema.
C)marasmic child appears extremely thin.
D)marasmic child develops a fatty liver.

Question 25

Resistance to disease is dependent largely on the body's:

A)carbohydrates.
B)lipids.
C)proteins.
D)vitamins.
E)minerals.

Question 26

What is the primary cause of the edema that accompanies kwashiorkor?

A)Albumin concentrations fall and fluid leaks into interstitial spaces.
B)Lipoprotein synthesis is diminished, causing fat to accumulate.
C)Protein is lost from the heart muscle, resulting in a weak heartbeat.
D)Synthesis of enzymes is reduced.

Question 27

The severe malnutrition of marasmus:

A)results in low resistance to disease.
B)causes increased body temperature.
C)is found only in children.
D)affects physical development but leaves the brain unaffected.

Question 28

Marasmus may be described as a form of malnutrition caused by:

A)a chronic, severe deprivation of food.
B)deficiency of energy.
C)a chronic, severe deprivation of protein.
D)deficiency of protein and vitamins.

Question 29

In order to estimate a person's protein requirements, you must know her or his:

A)age.
B)height.
C)weight.
D)gender.

Question 30

An important buffer in the maintenance of the acid-base balance of the blood is:

A)fatty acids.
B)lactic acid.
C)protein.
D)carbohydrate.

Question 31

One reason why proteins in fluids can help determine the fluids' distribution in living systems is that proteins are:

A)large.
B)resistant to heat.
C)attracted to water.
D)small.

Question 32

When glucose is unavailable, the functioning of which two parts of the body becomes compromised?

A)lungs and circulatory system
B)kidneys and liver
C)brain and nervous system
D)bones and muscles

Question 33

An antibody is a type of protein that:

A)regulates pH balance in the body.
B)transports lipids throughout the body.
C)protects the body from viruses, bacteria, and other disease agents.
D)regulates fluid balance in the body.

Question 34

The body uses amino acids for energy when:

A)protein stores run low.
B)there is inadequate glucose or fatty acids.
C)an athlete performs strength training exercises.
D)the body becomes dehydrated.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Enzymes are essential to all life processes.
B)Enzymes are all proteins.
C)Enzymes are involved in synthesis reactions only.
D)Enzymes are all catalysts.

Question 36

Food proteins:

A)are absorbed as amino acids.
B)are incorporated into body proteins.
C)remain intact until they reach the small intestine, where they are digested.
D)are denatured by body heat.

Question 37

Amino acids are a secondary source of energy.Their primary function is to:

A)build proteins needed by the body.
B)provide essential water-soluble vitamins.
C)produce thyroxin and insulin.
D)supply most of the kcalories in the average U.S.diet.

Question 38

The protein RDA for adults is _____ gram(s) per kilogram of body weight.

A)0.4
B)0.5
C)0.8
D)1.0
E)2.0

Question 39

Risks associated with the overconsumption of animal-derived protein food sources include all of the following except:

A)an increased risk of heart disease.
B)the worsening of existing kidney disease.
C)inadequate intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
D)an increased risk of developing liver disease.

Question 40

One of the reasons why acid-base balance is so important for the body is that:

A)highly acidic conditions cause vital proteins to denature.
B)highly acidic conditions cause the destruction of certain fatty acids.
C)acid-base imbalances contribute to the destruction of hormones.
D)acid-base imbalances compromise growth in children.

Question 41

Which of the following food groups in the USDA Food Patterns contains only tiny amounts of protein?

A)fruit
B)vegetables
C)grains
D)milk

Question 42

Each of the following provides about seven grams of protein except:

A)¹/₂ cup of legumes.
B)1 ounce chicken.
C)1 egg.
D)1 slice of bread.

Question 43

A measure of the amount of amino acids absorbed from a given protein intake is called:

A)protein quality.
B)net protein utilization.
C)protein digestibility.
D)protein efficiency ratio.

Question 44

The best choice for a dessert that will provide high-quality protein is:

A)milk pudding.
B)fruit gelatin.
C)sherbet.
D)apple pie.

Question 45

The plant food with the highest protein digestibility is:

A)corn.
B)sweet potato.
C)asparagus.
D)soybeans.

Question 46

Which of the following foods contains low-quality protein?

A)corn
B)soy
C)legumes
D)beef

Question 47

The RDA for protein for a 121-pound woman is _____ grams per day.

A)44
B)60
C)75
D)100

Question 48

The protein requirement of a child as compared to an adult is:

A)approximately the same.
B)higher.
C)much lower.
D)dependent on the activity level of the child.

Question 49

What is the best strategy for consuming adequate amino acids?

A)Eat high-quality proteins or foods containing complementary proteins.
B)Avoid protein supplements in favor of single amino acid supplements.
C)Take the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for supplemental amino acids.
D)Consume the perfect ratio of carbohydrate to protein.

Question 50

What happens when the diet lacks an essential amino acid?

A)Proteins will be made but they will be limited in that particular amino acid.
B)The body will synthesize it.
C)A person's health will not be affected as long as carbohydrate and fat intakes are adequate.
D)Protein synthesis will be limited.

Question 51

Mary consumes approximately 1800 kcalories per day.If she wants to consume 15% of her kcalories from protein, how many grams would that be?

A)28 g/day
B)48 g/day
C)58 g/day
D)68 g/day

Question 52

Complementary proteins:

A)enhance the taste of food.
B)increase the quality of the protein.
C)combine proteins from different foods to provide all essential amino acids.
D)decrease the loss of nitrogen from the body.

Question 53

All of the following are considered to be high-quality protein sources except:

A)fish.
B)eggs.
C)milk.
D)gelatin.

Question 54

In setting the RDA for protein, the committee assumed that:

A)protein will be of low quality.
B)protein will be consumed together with adequate energy and other nutrients.
C)other nutrients in the diet will be inadequate.
D)the RDA will be applied to individuals with unusual metabolic needs.

Question 55

An essential amino acid found in the shortest supply relative to the amounts needed for protein synthesis in the body is termed a(n) _____ amino acid.

A)indigestible
B)non-essential
C)reduced
D)limiting
E)non-kcalorie

Question 56

A 25-year-old man weighs 154 pounds and consumes 2,700 kcalories with 45 grams of protein a day.If two-thirds of the protein comes from animal sources, it may be concluded that he:

A)ingested his recommended allowance of protein.
B)needs 8 grams more protein to meet the recommended allowance.
C)needs 11 grams more protein to meet the recommended allowance.
D)has exceeded his recommended allowance of protein.

Question 57

Which of the following provides the largest amount of protein?

A)¹/₂ cup cooked broccoli
B)2 tablespoons peanut butter
C)1 cup milk
D)1 cup tofu

Question 58

The recommended intake of protein is _____ of daily energy intake.

A)15-20%
B)10-20%
C)15-35%
D)10-35%

Question 59

Which of the following provides the highest-quality protein?

A)citrus fruits
B)cereal
C)legumes
D)bread
E)greens

Question 60

How many grams of protein are in a 6-ounce serving of rib eye steak?

A)18
B)24
C)42
D)60

Question 61

Discuss potential problems with the use of amino acid supplements.

Question 62

All of the following foods will contribute to the calcium intake of a vegan except:

A)dark green, leafy vegetables.
B)fortified soy milk.
C)legumes.
D)deep orange and yellow fruits and vegetables.

Question 63

A vegetarian must be careful about intakes of:

A)vitamin C and vitamin A; they may be too high.
B)iron and zinc; they may be too low.
C)iron and zinc; they may be too high.
D)vitamin C and vitamin A; they may be too low.

Question 64

Explain the difference between an essential and a nonessential amino acid.

Question 65

Someone who excludes meat from her diet but occasionally consumes poultry, fish, and shellfish is called a:

A)lacto-ovo vegetarian.
B)partial vegetarian.
C)ovo-vegetarian.
D)temporary vegetarian.

Question 66

Which minerals are most likely to be lacking in the diets of vegans?

A)sodium , potassium, and chloride
B)zinc, magnesium, and fluoride
C)iron, manganese, and calcium
D)iron, zinc, and calcium

Question 67

The task of acquiring enough vitamin B₁₂ may pose a problem to vegans because:

A)fibers in vegetables inhibit its absorption.
B)they lack the intrinsic factor.
C)it is found naturally only in animal-derived products.
D)deficiency may occur from excess intake of soy products.

Question 68

Vegetarians should eat iron-rich foods with foods rich in _____ to increase iron absorption.

A)vitamin C
B)calcium
C)phytic acid
D)fiber

Question 69

Differentiate between severe acute malnutrition and chronic malnutrition.

Question 70

Under what conditions will dietary protein not be used efficiently by the body, regardless of the quality? Why does this occur?

Question 71

Dietary protein will not be used efficiently and will not support growth if _____ are inadequate.

A)vegetables
B)essential fatty acids
C)kcalories
D)dairy foods

Question 72

Describe the role of protein in maintaining the body's acid-base balance.

Question 73

All of the following non-meat mixtures provide high-quality protein except:

A)black beans and rice.
B)pasta with broccoli, peppers, and sesame seeds.
C)peanut butter and whole-wheat bread sandwich.
D)stir-fried cabbage, squash, and green peppers.

Question 74

What are the possible risks associated with over-consumption of protein?

Question 75

Matching

Question 76

What nutrition education would you offer a healthy vegan client?

Question 77

Discuss the factors that determine protein quality.What makes a protein "high quality"?

Question 78

A major reason why people must have sufficient carbohydrate and fat in the diet is to:

A)stimulate the breakdown of body protein for energy.
B)prevent the loss of essential fatty acids.
C)prevent the breakdown of body protein for energy.
D)stimulate the synthesis of essential amino acids.