Deck 8: Detection and Investigations

Question 1

Searching for changes in behavior patterns prior to and after a crime is a form of invigilation.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Predication is required before civil charges can be filed.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

An oral statement in court as to what the witness heard from another coworker is called testimony evidence.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

An anonymous tip can be a form of predication.

Question 5

Pressure is a form of motive.

Question 6

Circumstantial evidence usually has no impact on convictions.

Question 7

Using a copy of an electronic file is not allowed in court.

Question 8

A written affidavit given by a witness is classified as testimony.

Question 9

Direct evidence consists of a supervisor's opinion as to the plaintiff's mental state at the time of the crime.

Question 10

Depositions are often a product of an interview.

Question 11

Checks retrieved from the defendant's home are considered real evidence.

Question 12

Evidence is defined as all that is admitted to the court.

Question 13

Evidence must be authentic in order to be admitted.

Question 14

Interviewing and interrogation are synonyms.

Question 15

Predication requires hard evidence before it is said to exist.

Question 16

Failure to obtain a promotion is a form of rationalization.

Question 17

Obtaining documents dating prior to a suspected fraud is a form of invigilation.

Question 18

Reviewing cash receipts before, during, and after an individual's employment is a form of invigilation.

Question 19

The Fraud Triangle consists of: motive, opportunity, and rationalization.

Question 20

If changes are made to a document by the fraud investigator, the evidence is said to be circumstantial.

Question 21

Interviews can become interrogations.

Question 22

Intent is usually demonstrated by showing which of the following:

A) The act
B) The concealment
C) The cover-up
D) All of the above

Question 23

Signs of pressure that would prompt an individual to commit fraud include:

A) A wealthy brother
B) Success at work
C) An change in home value
D) Both "a" and "c"

Question 24

Interrogations are for the purpose of securing a confession.

Question 25

Red flags indicating predication include:

A) The individual handling cash is undergoing a divorce
B) The individual disbursing checks is divorced
C) The individual receiving cash is sick
D) None of the above

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT an attribute of M.I.C.E,:

A) Motive
B) Coercion
C) Ego
D) Ideology

Question 27

A fraudster erases files from his hard drive. This is an example of data alteration.

Question 28

The U.S. Customs Service has information regarding both legally and illegally imported good.

Question 29

Intent:

A) Need not be proved directly
B) Must be proved
C) Must be proved with evidence
D) Both "b" and "c"

Question 30

The FDA can determine if an individual is living in poverty.

Question 31

Andy Jones creates a shell organization from which to buy supplies for his company. This is a method to hide assets.

Question 32

Katie Cutie transfers assets to a living trust. This is a method of hiding assets.

Question 33

Examination of credit files is one indirect method of determining income.

Question 34

Lexis-Nexis is a tool used to corroborate net income.

Question 35

Lifestyle audits, conducted by the IRS, are a means of determining tax evasion.

Question 36

The SBA is a source of information regarding cash flow for a business.

Question 37

Wiping a computer is a form of alteration.

Question 38

Changing the payee's name on a check is an example of alteration.

Question 39

Barney Fife keeps bank accounts in Switzerland. This is a method for hiding assets.

Question 40

Real estate transaction records can be sources of evidence for income concealment.

Question 41

What is the accepted definition of evidence:

A) Anything submitted to the court during trial
B) Anything admitted to the trial
C) Anything admitted during testimony
D) None of the above

Question 42

An interview that is conducted in order to obtain a confession is called:

A) A confession
B) An interrogation
C) Cross-examination
D) None of the above

Question 43

Sources of information include:

A) Witnesses to an act of fraud
B) Surveillance by private detectives
C) Surveillance by police officers
D) All of the above

Question 44

Chain of custody is achieved in which of the following scenarios:

A) A police officer tags each unit of evidence and places it in a separate envelope
B) A detective seals each unit of evidence in a manila envelope, signs and dates the envelope, and places it in protective custody
C) An evidence technician tags each unit of evidence in a sealed envelope, signs and dates the envelope, and places it with the evidence locker personnel for safekeeping
D) A police officer tags each unit of evidence, places it in a secure envelope, signs and dates the envelope, gives the envelope to evidence personnel for safekeeping and logging of access

Question 45

One way of demonstrating that the act was fraud and not a mistake is by:

A) Demonstrating that the employee concealed the act
B) Showing that there were multiple incidents of the same act
C) The destruction of evidentiary documents that describe the act
D) All of the above

Question 46

Two separate defendants are charged with conspiring to commit fraud. Each has chosen to be tried separately. In the first trial evidence is admitted that demonstrates the defendant attempted to conceal her act of stealing cash. At the second trial, the prosecuting attorney can:

A) Admit the same evidence
B) Refer to the evidence used at the first trial
C) Draw a link between the first trial and the second trial
D) None of the above

Question 47

Which of the following is a legal form of evidence:

A) A conversation overhead by a fellow employee in the lunchroom
B) A conversation between two parties
C) A document found in the defendant's possession
D) All of the above

Question 48

A colleague witnesses the defendant counting a large amount of cash. The defendant is accused of theft. This evidence is:

A) Circumstantial and relevant
B) Circumstantial and irrelevant
C) Direct and relevant
D) None of the above

Question 49

Authentication, as it relates to evidence, is demonstrated by:

A) Storing the evidence in a secure facility that is accessible to police and prosecuting attorneys
B) Copying the evidence where possible
C) Maintaining a chain of custody of the evidence
D) All of the above

Question 50

Which of the following is an example of invigilation:

A) The before and after behavior of a cashier
B) The pattern of behavior prior to, during, and after an event
C) The change in behavior prior to and during an employee's absence
D) All of the above

Question 51

When either a source or informant is used, the attorney must also:

A) Guarantee confidentiality will be maintained
B) Understand the motives of each
C) Obtain evidence to corroborate the claims made
D) Both "b" and "c"

Question 52

In order for evidence to be admitted at trial, it must first be:

A) Real
B) Viable
C) Relevant
D) All of the above

Question 53

Which of the following is an example of invigilation:

A) Claire is hired on Tuesday and on Wednesday $1,000 cash is found missing from the office.
B) Claire is hired in 20x1 and cash is missing from the office during 20X2; Claire subsequently leaves in 20X3 and cash is no longer missing.
C) Dora is hired in January and leaves unexpectedly in March. Later that month, $1,000 cash is missing from the office.
D) All of the above

Question 54

One major difference between fraud and a mistake is:

A) Concealment
B) Cover-up
C) The act
D) Conversion

Question 55

In order to prove invigilation, an attorney must:

A) Show cause
B) Show intent
C) Show a pattern of loss during the defendant's tenure
D) Show concealment

Question 56

Evidence of invigilation can be:

A) Used as direct evidence
B) Used as indirect evidence
C) Must be coupled with evidence to be admissible
D) All of the above

Question 57

Conversion can be shown to have occurred by:

A) Tracing the money to the defendant's care
B) Tracing the money to the defendant's department
C) Tracing the money to the defendant's bank account
D) All of the above

Question 58

The defendant has an account at a local bank. As part of the trial, bank statements showing the defendant made several large cash deposits are admitted. Which type of evidence is this:

A) Testimony
B) Real
C) Demonstrative
D) All of the above

Question 59

Which of the following is an example of an effective logging technique used in the organization of evidence:

A) Bates numbering
B) Organized by defendant
C) Organized by name
D) Both "a" and "b"

Question 60

The difference between a source and an informant is:

A) A source can have sinister intentions
B) An informant is a good citizen who wishes to remain confidential
C) The reason for an informant's cooperation needs to be determined
D) All of the above

Question 61

Which of the following is an example of confirmed validity:

A) A witness offers direct evidence
B) A co-worker offers corroborating evidence of another witness
C) A pattern of theft consistently points to the defendant as the culprit
D) None of the above

Question 62

Counterfeiting of documents can be performed by:

A) Using a color copier
B) Using a facsimile signature
C) Using a typewriter
D) Both "a" and "c"

Question 63

Provide an example of the following:
Types of evidence

Question 64

Validity of evidence means:

A) The information cannot be corroborated
B) The information is consistent with past accounts
C) The information is judgmental
D) All of the above

Question 65

Detecting altered documents can be performed by searching for:

A) Erasures
B) Stray marks
C) Use of facsimile signatures
D) All of the above

Question 66

Assets hidden from easy detection are often identified by:

A) Tax returns
B) Property records
C) Divorce proceedings
D) All of the above

Question 67

An example of an indirect method of income determination is:

A) Bank analysis method
B) Net worth method
C) Title companies
D) All of the above

Question 68

Remailers:

A) Resend email through a series of routers and servers
B) Usually involve the use of free email accounts
C) Often use more than one anonymous email server
D) Both "b" and "c"

Question 69

Which government agency handles export and import licenses:

A) Commerce department
B) Department of the Treasury
C) Department of State
D) None of the above

Question 70

Which of the following is a method used to detect forgery:

A) Examination of facsimile plates
B) Determining document age
C) Presence of coffee stains
D) Presence of folds and staples

Question 71

In determining validity, which of the following carries the most weight:

A) Probable
B) Confirmed
C) Doubtful
D) None of the above

Question 72

One way of hiding assets is to:

A) Place them is a trust
B) Place them in a remote bank
C) Place them in a child's trust
D) All of the above

Question 73

Provide an example of the following:
Circumstantial evidence

Question 74

Provide an example of the following:
Data mining software

Question 75

Data can be altered by:

A) Changing numbers on a check; e.g. making a "3" an "8"
B) Destroying supporting detail
C) Making copies and submitting them as the original
D) All of the above

Question 76

How would an investigator detect off-shore bank account made by a drug dealer:

A) Through testimony of company personnel
B) By tracing money transfers out of the country
C) Through testimony of neighbors
D) Through suspicion of ill-gotten gains

Question 77

Provide an example of the following:
Direct evidence

Question 78

Joe Jones is suspected of gambling heavily and not reporting the gains. He also pays for all expenditures with cash currency. A method that can be used to detect such gains would be:

A) Examining bank records
B) Examining lifestyle choices
C) Examining receipts at places where Joe does business
D) All of the above

Question 79

Hidden assets can be found through:

A) A lifestyle audit
B) Examination of property records
C) Examination of spending habits
D) All of the above

Question 80

Investigators and accountants can find data on the internet regarding:

A) Time a person spent in prison
B) Whether or not a person is eligible for social security disability income
C) The type of property owned by an individual
D) All of the above