Deck 13: Intervention: Children and Adolescents

Question 1

Psychotherapy researchers in various countries have developed psychosocial interventions that effectively help children and youth living with

A)autism.
B)depression and anxiety.
C)ADHD and disr.
D)all of the above.

Answer 1

all of the above.

Question 2

What is the most common reason for which adults refer children and youth for mental health services?

A)Internalizing problems.
B)Disruptive behaviour.
C)Depression.
D)Anxiety.

Answer 2

Disruptive behaviour.

Question 3

Research reviews in the 1950s and 1960s by Levitt concluded that there was ____________ evidence for the efficacy of child psychotherapy.

A)no
B)only some
C)a moderate amount of
D)overwhelming

Answer 3

no

Question 4

The meta-analysis conducted by Kazdin and colleagues in 1990 found that treatment studies often used ________ samples and that they were treated in an)_________ format.

A)referred; individual
B)referred; group
C)volunteer; individual
D)volunteer; group

Question 5

A study by McLeod and Weisz 2004)found that published studies reported ________ effect sizes compared to unpublished dissertations.

A)smaller
B)similar
C)larger
D)more variable

Question 6

A meta-analysis of 32 studies comparing evidence-based treatments to usual clinical care found that

A)evidence-based treatments consistently outperformed usual clinical care.
B)usual clinical care consistently outperformed evidence-based treatments.
C)there were no significant differences between these treatment modalities.
D)evidence-based treatments outperformed usually clinical care only for autism treatment.

Question 7

Meta-analyses of psychological treatments for disorders of childhood and adolescence have generally found that behavioural intervention are

A)more effective than nonbehavioural interventions.
B)less effective than nonbehavioural interventions.
C)similar in effectiveness to nonbehavioural interventions.
D)not generally effective.

Question 8

Billy's parents are convinced that the treatment he is receiving from his psychologist is extremely useful.This is an example of a strong

A)parent-therapist alliance.
B)parent-youth alliance.
C)youth-therapist alliance.
D)family-therapist alliance.

Question 9

Data from larger samples have _______ error variance,and are therefore _______ population values.

A)less; closer to
B)less; further from
C)more; closer to
D)more; further from

Question 10

The current movement to develop interdisciplinary,evidence-based guidelines for the assessment and treatment of diverse childhood disorders is designed to

A)inform policy-makers of mental health practices.
B)guide consumers children and their families)of treatment options.
C)help mental health professionals deliver services that are based on current research findings.
D)all of the above.

Question 11

One of the methodological considerations of meta-analyses of psychological treatments for children and adolescents has centred on whether to include

A)behavioural and nonbehavioural variables.
B)both published and unpublished studies.
C)studies done on children under the age of 5.
D)children with conduct disorder.

Question 12

Data from the Great Smoky Mountain study in the United States indicate that approximately ________ adolescents requiring services for psychopathology received them.

A)one in ten
B)one-third of
C)half of
D)seven in ten

Question 13

The statistical procedure that accounts for error inherent when sampling data from a population by assigning less weight in a meta-analysis to studies with greater error variance and more heavily weighting those with less error variance is known as the

A)standard deviation.
B)regression to the mean.
C)weighted least squares method.
D)unweighted strategy.

Question 14

Kazdin and colleagues 1990)drew attention to the fact that clinical practice usually involves________ samples treated in an)_________ format.

A)referred; individual
B)referred; group
C)volunteer; individual
D)volunteer; group

Question 15

Hawley and Weisz 2005)found that the youth-therapist alliance was related to _______,whereas the parent-therapist alliance was related to ________________.

A)participation in therapy; symptom improvement.
B)symptom improvement; participation in therapy.
C)satisfaction with services; symptom improvement.
D)participation in therapy; satisfaction with services.

Question 16

Consent procedures for youth vary according to

A)the chronological age of the youth.
B)the jurisdiction and context in which services are offered.
C)the nature of the presenting problem.
D)the experience of the psychologist.

Question 17

Evidence-based treatments for disorders in children and youth include treatments for

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)phobic and anxiety disorders.
C)substance abuse.
D)all of the above.

Question 18

McLeod and Weisz 2004)found that unpublished dissertations studying child psychotherapy,compared with published studies,

A)were more methodologically sound,and obtained lower effect sizes.
B)were more methodologically sound,and obtained higher effect sizes.
C)were less methodologically sound,and obtained lower effect sizes.
D)were less methodologically sound,and obtained higher effect sizes.

Question 19

Weisz et al.1995)conducted the fourth major meta-analysis of the effects of child therapy and introduced a statistical technique known as the

A)effect size.
B)standard deviation method.
C)weighted least squares method.
D)deviation from the norm.

Question 20

Huey and Polo's 2008)meta-analysis of the efficacy of evidence-based treatments with ethnic minority youth found

A)evidence that a number of treatments are probably efficacious in the treatment of minority youth.
B)evidence that the majority of treatments examined were definitely efficacious in the treatment of minority youth.
C)that treatments were equally effective for both minority and non-minority youth.
D)that treatments were not effective for either non-minority or minority youth.

Question 21

Over time,parents should strive to use ________ with their children to reinforce desired behaviours.

A)material reinforcers
B)social reinforcers
C)bribery
D)time out

Question 22

Parent management training PMT)is based on the assumption that oppositional child behaviour can be changed by modifying the child's social environment

A)through family therapy.
B)by role-playing with the child to teach him/her more appropriate conflict resolution skills.
C)by having the child challenge the underlying schemas that influence his/her behaviour.
D)by working with parents rather than by working directly with the child.

Question 23

Multi-systemic therapists work ________ and treatment typically lasts for ____________.

A)individually; 6-8 sessions
B)individually; 3-5 months
C)in small teams; 6 -8 sessions
D)in small teams; 3-5 months

Question 24

Parent Management training techniques are designed to be used by parents

A)until undesirable child behaviours desist.
B)as a permanent strategy in the home.
C)intermittently,or on an "as needed" basis.
D)as a "quick fix" for child behaviour problems.

Question 25

Oppositional Defiant Disorder is based on

A)a pattern of serious violation of the rights of others that is evident before age 8.
B)a pattern of persistent negativistic and hostile behaviour usually evident before age 3.
C)a pattern of persistent negativistic and hostile behaviour usually evident before age 8.
D)a pattern of aggression,destructiveness,deceitfulness,and serious violation of rules.

Question 26

A theory of psychosocial functioning that examines a young person's functioning within the multiple contexts in which he or she lives is known as

A)an ecological theory.
B)a social-emotional framework.
C)interpersonal psychotherapy.
D)a multiple stakeholders approach.

Question 27

When a parent unintentionally rewards the child for inappropriate behaviour and the child rewards the parent for giving in to inappropriate behaviour,this is referred to as an)

A)inappropriate exchange.
B)accidental reinforcement.
C)negative exchange.
D)coercive exchange.

Question 28

A consequence that increases the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated is known as

A)bribery.
B)differential reinforcement.
C)positive reinforcement.
D)non-compliance prevention.

Question 29

Which of the following is most accurate regarding the progression of Oppositional Defiant Disorder ODD)and Conduct Disorder CD)?

A)ODD often precedes CD.
B)CD often precedes ODD.
C)ODD and CD generally are not typically related.
D)ODD rarely progresses to CD.

Question 30

When a child does not have access to reinforcers for a brief time following misbehaviour,this period is referred to as

A)time penalty.
B)quiet time.
C)time out.
D)negative reinforcement.

Question 31

Patterson 2005)found that that parent-child warmth is associated with

A)parental punishment.
B)parental monitoring.
C)parental negative reinforcement.
D)child monitoring.

Question 32

There is evidence that if untreated,the problems associated with disruptive behaviour disorders in childhood

A)generally dissipate before adolescence.
B)persist into adolescence but generally fade by adulthood.
C)naturally fade in adolescence.
D)persist into adulthood.

Question 33

Core parenting skills)identified by Patterson and his colleagues 2005)and used in Parent Management Training include

A)discipline.
B)skill encouragement.
C)problem-solving.
D)all of the above.

Question 34

Reviews have ______________ the efficacy of stimulant medication in reducing symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

A)consistently found evidence for
B)rarely found evidence for
C)yielded contradictory findings for
D)underlined the need for more studies of

Question 35

Multisystemic Therapy MST)is an approach to treat seriously disturbed delinquent adolescents by

A)combining CBT and family therapy.
B)challenging youth about the long term effects of their behaviour.
C)intervening in an integrated way in the multiple systems in which youth are involved.
D)demanding as much effort from youth as from parents.

Question 36

Research has consistently demonstrated that ______ families engage in fewer positive interactions than _____ families.

A)large; small
B)distressed; nondistressed
C)rural; urban
D)busy; less busy

Question 37

Parent Management Training PMT)involves reducing the child's oppositional behaviour by

A)modifying the child's social environment.
B)working directly with the child.
C)modifying parental expectation.
D)promoting parents' attachment behaviours.

Question 38

Coercive exchanges between parents and their children are characterized by parents

A)rewarding children for positive behaviour and children rewarding parents by engaging in positive behaviour.
B)using authoritarian methods e.g.,shouting or spanking).
C)rewarding children for aversive behaviour and children rewarding parents by ceasing the aversive behaviour.
D)rewarding children for aversive behaviour and children punishing parents by continuing the aversive behaviour.

Question 39

Multisystemic Therapy MST)involves

A)emphasizing the positive and using systemic strengths as levers for change.
B)developmentally appropriate interventions.
C)targeting sequences of behaviour within and between multiple systems that maintain the identified problem.
D)all of the above

Question 40

Patterson 2005)found that adolescent-parent contempt is associated with ____________,which in turn is associated with ___________.

A)delinquency; inconsistent and disrupted parental monitoring.
B)inconsistent and disrupted parental monitoring; delinquency
C)inconsistent and disrupted parental monitoring; school attendance.
D)delinquency; school attendance.

Question 41

Despite the effectiveness of stimulant medication in reducing symptoms of ADHD,psychosocial interventions are also necessary because

A)although stimulants are associated with reduction of core symptoms of ADHD,there is little evidence that medication is associated with improvement in academic or social skills.
B)of the frequency of medication nonadherence.
C)30% of children with ADHD do not respond to medication.
D)all of the above

Question 42

Weersing and Weisz 2002)found that the treatment effects for depressed youth who received care in community mental health centres were

A)better than treatment effects obtained in clinical trials.
B)better than the effects of the no-treatment control group.
C)similar to the treatment effects obtained in clinical trials.
D)similar to the effects of the no-treatment control group.

Question 43

Compared to mothers without ADHD symptoms,mothers who themselves had high levels of ADHD symptomatology had

A)poorer outcome with behavioural parent training.
B)better outcome with behavioural parent training.
C)poorer outcome with play therapy.
D)better outcome with play therapy.

Question 44

The main differences between treating adolescent and adult depression are in

A)adapting the material to make it more engaging for young people.
B)encouraging youth attendance,and in developing modules that include parents.
C)adapting the material to make it more engaging for young people,and in encouraging parental attendance.
D)that IPT is more effective for adolescents,and in developing modules that include parents.

Question 45

The Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD revealed that

A)combined treatments were most effective.
B)medication management was most effective.
C)behaviour treatment was most effective.
D)none of the above.

Question 46

The NICE guidelines recommend,for treating children and youth with depression,

A)antidepressants as a first line treatment.
B)antidepressants as a second option to be used only when CBT does not work.
C)that antidepressants should never be used without an accompanying psychological treatment.
D)that it is up to the discretion of the prescribing physician whether or not to use antidepressants.

Question 47

Strategies that would help to facilitate the dissemination of evidence-based treatment for children and youth include

A)developing manuals that allow flexible implementation.
B)graduate education in evidence-based treatment.
C)continuing education in evidence-based treatment.
D)all of the above.

Question 48

The first line of treatment for youth with mild,moderate,or severe depression includes

A)medication only.
B)CBT or IPT.
C)short-term family therapy.
D)both B & C.

Question 49

Research has demonstrated that although depression is _________ common in adolescence as in adulthood; research in adolescent depression has been _______ extensive than the research for depression in adults.

A)less common; less
B)almost as; less
C)almost as; more
D)less common; more

Question 50

Lee,Horvath,and Hunsley 2013)found that evidence-based treatments for children and youth

A)can be effective when used in routine practice settings.
B)are slightly less effective in routine practice settings than in research settings.
C)are much less effective in routine practice settings.
D)cannot be transported to routine practice settings.