Deck 13: Obesity, energy Balance, and Weight Management

Question 1

Matt is having his body fat assessed by ________,a technique that requires a large device called the BOD POD.

A)air displacement
B)dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
C)skinfold measurements
D)bioelectrical impedance

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following measurement techniques is a convenient,practical,and inexpensive way to determine if a person has an unhealthy distribution of body fat?

A)Measuring the person's waist circumference
B)Weighing the person and then consulting a weight/height table
C)Using the underwater weighing technique
D)Using the BOD POD method

Answer 2

A

Question 3

________ fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises.

A)Intracellular
B)Cellulite
C)Visceral
D)Subcutaneous

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following statements about normal weight obesity is false?

A)Condition associated with high muscularity and high BMI
B)Has been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease
C)Is most common in those who are physically inactive
D)Characterized by high body fat

Question 5

Gloria's BMI is 32.4,her waist circumference is 38 inches,and her hip circumference is 37 inches.According to this information,she ________.

A)consumes fewer kilocalories than she needs
B)engages in too much physical activity
C)is at risk for hypertension
D)has a "pear-shaped" body

Question 6

Ashley's BMI is 23.7.Based on this information,her weight is in the ________ range.

A)underweight
B)healthy
C)overweight
D)obese

Question 7

In the United States,________ are more likely to be overweight or obese than other adults.

A)middle-aged men with Asian ancestry
B)white postmenopausal women
C)white American men who are over 60 years of age
D)non-Hispanic black Americans

Question 8

Which of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that water and electrolytes conduct electricity?

A)Skinfold measurements
B)Underwater weighing
C)Air displacement
D)Bioelectrical impedance

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true?

A)A person who has a BMI of 26.2 can have more muscle and bone tissue than another person who has the same BMI. 
B)An obese person with a BMI of 32 has more healthy fat tissue than an obese person with a BMI of 30.
C)A healthy person has a percentage of body fat that is between 1 and 9%. 
D)A man is considered obese when his percentage of body fat reaches 15%.

Question 10

According to national surveys,approximately ________ of American adults over the age of 20 were either overweight or obese in 2013-2014.

A)40%
B)70%
C)60%
D)50%

Question 11

Eric's waist circumference is 42 inches.Based on this information,he has a high risk of ________.

A)low LDL cholesterol
B)elevated HDL cholesterol
C)cardiovascular disease
D)Addison's disease

Question 12

In 2008,the estimated expenses for taking care of obese patients and related economic costs were about ________ in the United States.

A)$147,000
B)$147 million
C)$147 billion
D)$147 trillion

Question 13

Which of the following is not a health condition typcially associated with overweight and obesity?

A)Liver cancer
B)Gout
C)Gallbladder disease
D)Type 2 diabetes

Question 14

To calculate body mass index,divide weight in kilograms by height in meters,squared.

Question 15

BMI is most accurate when assessing the health of highly muscular individuals,such as certain professional athletes.

Question 16

Adults living in ________ are most likely to be obese.

A)Mississippi
B)California
C)Maine
D)Wyoming

Question 17

________ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs.

A)Visceral
B)Cellulite
C)Bariatric
D)Subcutaneous

Question 18

Gregg's BMI is 34.2.Based on this information,his weight is in the ________ range.

A)obese class II
B)obese class I
C)overweight
D)obese class III

Question 19

________ typically occurs around abdominal organs and in the omentum,an apron-like structure that hangs over the stomach and intestines.

A)Visceral fat
B)Subcutaneous fat
C)Omentum fat
D)Adipokine fat

Question 20

A person who is 5-feet,6-inches tall and weighs 260 pounds has a body mass index of ________.

A)5)9
B)42
C)26
D)35

Question 21

Direct calorimetry measures the body's heat of metabolism.  For an accurate measure of basal metabolic rate,a person would need to be in the chamber for 24 hours.

Question 22

The ________ is often used to predict basal calorie needs in persons who have excess body fat.

A)Mifflin-St.Jeor equation
B)Harris-Benedict equation
C)Obese RMR equation
D)Adiposity Impact equation

Question 23

Lillian consumes 2100 kcal of foods and beverages daily and expends a total of 1800 kcal each day.Her body is in a state of ________.

A)positive energy balance
B)energy balance
C)weight cycling
D)weight loss

Question 24

Which of the following methods is not useful for estimating total energy expenditure?

A)Heart rate monitors
B)Accelerometers
C)Indirect calorimetry
D)Waistline measurements

Question 25

Chester's BMI is 35.3.According to his food records,he consumes an average of 2800 kcal/day.He would like to lose 10 pounds in one year by reducing his daily caloric intake.Based on this information,Chester should consume approximately ________ kcal/day.

A)1100
B)2600
C)1800
D)2000

Question 26

According to the "set point theory," a person's ________.

A)metabolic rate remains the same,regardless of environmental or physical factors
B)body weight is influenced primarily by environmental factors
C)body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter
D)saturated fat intake strongly influences the rate at which he or she loses weight

Question 27

The ________ gland produces the primary hormone that controls the metabolic rate.

A)hypothalamus
B)thyroid
C)adrenal
D)salivary

Question 28

Which of the following factors contributes to an increase in a person's BMR?

A)Stress
B)Aging
C)Shorter height
D)Following a very-low-calorie diet

Question 29

Jennifer has lost weight by following a well-balanced calorie-reduced weight-loss diet plan that includes daily exercise for several months.Recently,her rate of weight loss slowed,and this week,she lost no weight,even though she has continued to follow the weight-loss plan.Based on this information,Jennifer has ________.

A)reached a "plateau," because she's in energy equilibrium
B)cheated and consumed more calories than she's willing to admit
C)reduced her weight to a healthy BMI,so she will be unable to lose any more
D)failed to reach her biological set point

Question 30

A pound of body fat provides about ________ kcal.

A)1500
B)2500
C)3500
D)4500

Question 31

Direct calorimetry measures a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production.

Question 32

Which of the following persons is in a state of positive energy balance?

A)A 25-year-old woman who is in her 6th month of pregnancy
B)A 22-year-old man who consumes 1900 kcal/day and is losing weight
C)An 89-year-old man who spends most of his day in a wheelchair or bed
D)A 29-year-old woman who has maintained her weight for 6 months

Question 33

Which of the following statements about accelerometers is true?

A)Measures changes in speed or direction during physical activity
B)Device can be worn on any part of the body,results will not vary
C)Can also be called a heart rate monitor
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 34

The weather over the winter was colder than usual,with typical days in the subzero temperature range and snow and ice common.  Because of this,Drea was often cold and shivering when walking between classes.  Shivering is an example of ________.

A)the thermic effect of food
B)nonexercise activity thermogenesis
C)basal metabolism
D)physical activity

Question 35

Sarah has a body fat percentage of 34%.  This is considered ________.

A)overweight
B)healthy
C)obese
D)extremely obese

Question 36

Which of the following statements is true?

A)An average woman has a higher metabolic rate than an average man.
B)Fat cells require more energy to function than muscle cells.
C)As people grow older,their metabolic rates decline.
D)The aging process causes muscle cells to become fat cells.

Question 37

Thomas often describes his body shape as an "apple shape," also known as ________.

A)central-body obesity
B)lower-body obesity
C)subcutaneous obesity
D)internal obesity

Question 38

Heart rate monitors can be used to estimate TEE during exercise because a linear relationship exists between heart rate and oxygen consumption.

Question 39

Jared is an average,healthy 23-year-old.Based on this information,________ of his body's total energy use is for basal metabolism.

A)10%
B)40%
C)70%
D)90%

Question 40

Which of the following persons is in a state of negative energy balance?

A)A 5-year-old girl who is healthy and physically active
B)A 22-year-old man who consumes 1900 kcal/day and is losing weight
C)A 23-year-old man who lifts weights every other day and has a BMI of 24
D)A 29-year old woman who has maintained her weight for 6 months

Question 41

Which of the following is not a typical feature of fad diets?

A)Physical activity
B)Consumption of only one food or food group
C)Low calorie intake
D)Weight cycling

Question 42

According to the American College of Sports Medicine,adults should perform ________ minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity to prevent weight gain.

A)150-210
B)150-250
C)180-300
D)150-350

Question 43

Negative energy balance is achieved when obese individuals become more physically active and restrict their food intake.

Question 44

Initial weight loss on a low-carbohydrate diet results from the burning of stored body fat.

Question 45

In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost,members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to ________.

A)eat breakfast daily
B)exercise for at least 90 minutes daily
C)weigh themselves only once a month
D)limit fruit and vegetable intake

Question 46

Which of the following dietary supplements may slightly enhance weight loss?

A)Chromium picolinate
B)Hoodia
C)Chia seeds
D)Blue-green algae

Question 47

Erin is following a safe and medically sound weigh-loss program to lose 20 pounds.According to this information,her program ________.

A)includes regular physical activity
B)limits her energy intake to no more than 800 kcal/day
C)reduces her metabolic rate by 20%
D)requires dietary supplements that contain vitamins,minerals,and ephedra

Question 48

________ is a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas.  The hormone slows the digestive process by signaling the hypothalmus to reduce hunger and delaying gastric emptying.

A)Amylin
B)Peptide YY
C)Ghrelin
D)Leptin

Question 49

A weight-loss program includes recommendations that are likely to be unsafe and not result in long-term weight loss and maintenance.Which of the following recommendations is a component of this particular weight-loss program? 

A)The person only eats foods that begin with the letters R,K,and M. 
B)The person finds ways to incorporate more physical activity into his or her daily routine. 
C)The person measures his or her waistline weekly. 
D)The person keeps a daily food intake record to identify "problem foods."

Question 50

Compared to other people,a person who has a "thrifty metabolism" ________.

A)gains weight more easily
B)loses excess food energy in the form of body heat
C)burns three times more fat
D)metabolizes more glucose than fatty acids for energy

Question 51

Losing as little as ________% of excess body fat can increase HDL cholesterol levels,reduce high blood pressure,and improve glucose tolerance.

A)3
B)5
C)15
D)12

Question 52

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight.Based on this information,this researcher will explore ways to block the production,release,or action of ________.

A)ghrelin
B)insulin
C)leptin
D)melatonin

Question 53

Ephedra-containing weight-loss supplements are commercially available at drug stores across the United States.

Question 54

Which of the following would be considered a recommended weight-loss practice?

A)All of the choices are correct.
B)Reducing intake of sugar-sweetened beverages
C)Eating portion-controlled meals
D)Keeping a food diary or journal
E)Engaging in regular physical activity

Question 55

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Ghrelin is an enzyme that breaks down fat in the stomach.
B)Fat cells produce leptin,a hormone that can reduce hunger.
C)Satiety is the feeling that drives a person to consume food.
D)People with "thrifty" metabolisms burn more fat per hour than other people. 

Question 56

The Paleo Diet is low in protein and fat and high in carbohydrates.

Question 57

Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds.The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to ________.

A)decrease her usual daily energy intake
B)decrease her physical activity
C)increase her daily vitamin D intake
D)increase her essential fatty acid intake

Question 58

The senses of sight,smell,taste,and hearing influence a person's appetite.

Question 59

The ________ controls hunger and satiety.

A)hypothalmus
B)pancreas
C)liver
D)cerebral cortex

Question 60

Which of the following hormones stimulates hunger sensations?

A)Ghrelin
B)Leptin
C)Peptide YY
D)Amylin
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 61

Intestinal bloating,nausea,and diarrhea due to consumption of simple carbohydrates following gastric bypass surgery is referred to as dumping syndrome.

Question 62

Being underweight reduces a person's risk of illness and infection.

Question 63

To gain weight,underweight adults should increase their consumption of all of the following foods EXCEPT ________.

A)milk shakes made with peanut butter and reduced-fat ice cream
B)oatmeal raisin cookies
C)sugar-sweetened soft drinks
D)banana and zucchini breads

Question 64

The weight-loss medication orlistat (Xenical)________.

A)reduces the amount of fat absorbed by the digestive tract
B)increases the metabolic rate by stimulating the release of certain hormones
C)reduces the rate at which glucose enters cells
D)increases the amount of energy the body expends by NEAT

Question 65

A deficiency of ________ is common following bariatric surgery.

A)vitamin B-12
B)thiamin
C)selenium
D)vitamin C

Question 66

Gastric bypass surgery can increase a person's risk of osteoporosis.

Question 67

Darlene is a 5′ 2′′,23-year-old woman who weighs almost 250 pounds.To lose weight,she's tried calorie-restricted diets,fad diets,exercise programs,and appetite-suppressing pills without success.She would like to try a surgical weight-loss method that reduces the size of her stomach without the use of staples and is reversible.Her physician is likely to recommend ________.

A)gastric resection
B)sleeve gastrectomy
C)adjustable gastric banding
D)gastric bypass procedure

Question 68

Esther would like to gain weight,but despite eating regular meals and having no disordered eating practice or eating disorder,her BMI dropped from 19.0 to 16.2 in 1 year.According to this information,Esther's physician will need to ___________.

A)determine whether Esther has cancer or another chronic disease
B)treat Esther with hypermetabolic medications
C)let Esther know that she shouldn't try to gain weight,because her BMI is in the healthy range
D)provide Esther with a low-fat,low-carb diet that provides 900 kcal/day to gain weight

Question 69

Dennis wants to gain weight,primarily as lean tissue.In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly,he should ________.

A)increase his protein intake to 60% of total energy intake,eat more complex carbohydrates,and take a multivitamin/multimineral supplement
B)add nutrient-dense,healthy sources of energy to his diet,including fatty fish,whole-grain cereals,nuts,peanut butter,and olive oil
C)supplement his diet with essential amino acids and limit his total fat intake to no more than 10% of total kilocalories
D)avoid aerobic activities on the days he doesn't lift weights and eat about 50% of total calories from saturated fat

Question 70

________ alters the activity of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain,influencing satiety and reducing food intake as a result.

A)Belviq
B)Contrave
C)Qsymia
D)Xenical

Question 71

George is a 5′8′′,29-year-old man who weighs almost 350 pounds.To lose weight,he's tried calorie-restricted diets,fad diets,exercise programs,and appetite-suppressing pills without success.George wants to a permanent solution to treat his obesity.George's physician is likely to recommend a(n)________ as the best way to help George lose a lot of weight and avoid regaining much of it.

A)anterior thyroidectomy
B)sleeve gastrectomy
C)frontal lobotomy
D)visceral lipectomy