Deck 18: Nutrition for Older Adults

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true?  

A)Longevity is a natural change that results when the human body reaches 85 years of age. 
B)People who experience more "wear and tear" of their bodies tend to live longer than people who do not experience as much wear and tear. 
C)Longevity results when a person does not wear out his or her digestive system by eating too much food. 
D)People whose cells are able to repair their damaged DNA may live longer than people whose cells do not have this ability. 

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true? 

A)In the United States,life expectancy is about 79 years.
B)The life span of a human being is 100 years. 
C)The longest living (documented)person was a man from Bulgaria who lived for 110 years. 
D)There is little scientific evidence to support the notion that a person's genetic makeup contributes to his or her longevity.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

________ is the average length of time a person born in a specific year can expect to live.

A)Life expectancy
B)Life span
C)Longevity
D)Healthy life span expectancy

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following minerals is often lacking in the diets of older adults?

A)Sodium
B)Calcium
C)Molybdenum
D)Vanadium

Question 5

Zinc deficiency is one of the most common causes of taste disorders among older adults.

Question 6

________ is a physiological change associated with aging.

A)Increased brain weight
B)Fewer episodes of heartburn
C)Hardening of the arteries
D)Increased blood filtration rate

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true? 

A)In the United States,life expectancy is about 95 years.
B)A centenarian is a person who has lived for 100 years or more.
C)The longest living (documented)person was a Russian man who lived for 114 years. 
D)People living in the United States are more likely to reach 100 years of age than those living in all other parts of the world.

Question 8

Elizabeth is 90 years of age.Compared to when she was 30 years of age,her ________ now.

A)skin is more elastic
B)cells require more energy
C)stomach secretes more intrinsic factor
D)arteries are less flexible

Question 9

Which of the following minerals is often lacking in the diets of older adults?

A)Potassium
B)Sodium
C)Sulfur
D)Vanadium

Question 10

As a person ages,telomere length tends to increase as part of the natural aging process.

Question 11

The declining organ functioning and the increase vulnerability to diseases is known as ________.

A)senescence
B)life span
C)geriatrics
D)longevity

Question 12

________ is a normal physiological change associated with aging.

A)Reduced estrogen production
B)Less heartburn
C)Increased skin elasticity
D)Increased secretion of saliva

Question 13

________ refers to the number of years a person can expect to spend without having serious diseases or being disabled.

A)Healthy life expectancy
B)Longevity
C)Life span
D)Centenarians

Question 14

According to scientific research involving animals,consuming a nutritious diet that is low in calories may ________.

A)increase the risk of certain cancers
B)stimulate the production of anti-aging hormones
C)speed up the aging rate
D)increase life expectancy

Question 15

Reduced ________ is a normal physiological change associated with aging.

A)vulnerability to cancer
B)heartburn
C)bruising
D)thirst sensation

Question 16

Which of the following vitamins is often lacking in the diets of older adults?

A)Vitamin B12
B)Vitamin K
C)Biotin
D)Pantothenic acid

Question 17

Clint is 82 years of age.Compared to when he was 27 years of age,his ________ now.

A)body synthesizes more vitamin D
B)kidney cells don't function as well
C)stomach secretes more intrinsic factor
D)cells require more energy

Question 18

Which of the following vitamins is often lacking in the diets of older adults,especially elderly women?

A)Niacin
B)Thiamin
C)Vitamin D
D)Pantothenic acid

Question 19

According to scientific research involving animals,________ may extend one's life.

A)restricting energy intake
B)taking DHEA supplements
C)consuming megadoses of vitamins
D)following a high-fiber,high-protein diet

Question 20

According to the damage or error theory of aging,________.

A)organs simply wear out with use and abuse
B)aging is inevitable and diet or exercise does not impact that process
C)over time,the activity of certain genes results in aging
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 21

Gout is a form of arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in muscles. 

Question 22

Jenna is a 73-year-old woman who complains to her doctor that her food does not have any taste.The physician told Jenna to add more spices in each dish she prepares. Based on your knowledge about the process of aging,________.

A)Jenna is experiencing a normal decline in her sense of taste
B)Jenna is showing symptoms of early pancreatic failure
C)Jenna should chew her food slowly and drink plain water with meals
D)Jenna is suffering from several vitamin and mineral deficiencies

Question 23

Dementia is a condition that rarely affects people who are younger than 75 years of age.

Question 24

The common practice of taking several prescribed medication daily to treat a variety of health conditions is called ________.

A)polypharmacy
B)self-medication
C)holistic healing
D)wellness approach 

Question 25

Margaret is 87 years of age.Compared to when she was 27 years of age,her ________ now.

A)body requires less vitamin B-12
B)cells require more energy
C)stomach secretes less intrinsic factor
D)bones are more dense

Question 26

Bernard is 83 years of age.His ________ is likely to have a negative influence on his nutritional status.

A)ethnic background
B)daily exercise regimen
C)social isolation
D)full set of natural teeth 

Question 27

________ is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength combined with an increase in body fat.

A)Sarcopenic obesity
B)Sarcopenia
C)Macular degeneration
D)Retinopathy

Question 28

Age-related dementia includes ________.  Check all that apply.

A)Alzheimer's Disease
B)vascular dementia
C)pellagra
D)Parkinson's disease

Question 29

The brain of an aging person does not replace neurons that have ceased to function.Therefore,an older adult has more difficulty recalling information than he or she did as a young adult.

Question 30

Most older adults can tolerate taking several prescribed and over-the-counter medications without experiencing negative health effects.

Question 31

As a person ages their risk of ________ increases.  This condition results in loss of muscle function,shaking,stiffness,and poor balance.

A)Parkinson's disease
B)Alzheimer's disease
C)diabetic retinopathy
D)gout

Question 32

Bernice is 91 years of age.Her ________ is likely to have a negative influence on her nutritional status.

A)participation in the "Meals on Wheels" program 
B)low annual income
C)daily exercise regimen
D)frequent socializing with friends and family

Question 33

Which of the following statements are true?

A)All of the choices are correct.
B)The body's water content decreases with advancing age.
C)Signs of dehydration in older adults include weakness,constipation,and mental confusion.
D)Risk of urinary incontinence increases as a person ages.

Question 34

Food insecurity is a major contributing factor in worsening existing chronic conditions in older people.

Question 35

One of the main goals of the Nutrition Program for the Administration of Community Living (ACL)is to promote socialization in older Americans.

Question 36

Forty-year old Kent has a family history of Alzheimer's disease.  What recommendations do you have for Kent to reduce his risk for Alzheimer's disease?

A)Engage in regular physical activity
B)Continue learning and reading
C)Consume foods that are rich in omega-3 fatty acids
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 37

Which of the following statements about cataracts is true?

A)Develops when proteins in the lens of the eye are damaged
B)Causes the lens of the eye to become less translucent
C)Occurs less frequently in those with diabetes
D)Treated with daily medication
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 38

Dorothy is 86 years of age.Her ________ is likely to have a negative influence on her nutritional status.

A)arthritis
B)ethnic background
C)daily exercise regimen
D)frequent socializing with friends and family