Deck 12: Global Stratification

Question 1

The poorest 20 percent of the world's people live on just 2 percent of the world's income.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The text defines middle-income nations as having per capita income between $2,500 and $12,000 per year.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Global income is divided more equally than income within the United States.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Some forms of marriage found in the world today amount to slavery.

Question 5

The region in the world with the greatest number of poor "street children" is Latin America.

Question 6

Compared to poverty in the United States, poverty throughout the world as a whole is more widespread and more severe.

Question 7

In low-income nations, inequality between men and women is greater than it is in high-income countries.

Question 8

A recent United Nations report shows that, in general, high-income nations have a higher quality of life than low-income nations.

Question 9

Japan and Australia are examples of middle-income nations.

Question 10

In low-income nations, the majority of the people live in villages and small towns where farming is the most common way to make a living.

Question 11

Even people with income at our country's poverty line live better than a majority of the world's people.

Question 12

For every dollar earned by someone in a low-income nation, a person in a high-income nation earns about four dollars.

Question 13

Although Africa is a poor region of the world, people live almost as long as in the United States.

Question 14

Although poverty continues, the world has ended the practice of slavery.

Question 15

High-income countries are the home of the world's largest corporations as well as the world's top financial markets.

Question 16

The richest 20 percent of the world's people receive 50 percent of the entire world's income.

Question 17

In 2010, the world's three richest individuals each had more wealth than the total economic output of the world's poorest 100 countries.

Question 18

The former Soviet Union and the nations of Eastern Europe are low-income countries.

Question 19

Typically, people in low-income countries do more physical labor, but they consume fewer calories than people in rich nations.

Question 20

Low-income countries are home to more than half of the world's people.

Question 21

Global inequality is partly a problem of technology, and it is also a political issue.

Question 22

In low-income nations, population growth is generally very high.

Question 23

Rich nations are now in debt to low-income nations because of the amount of raw material that they buy.

Question 24

Dependency theory claims that the economic positions of the rich and poor nations of the globe are linked.

Question 25

Dependency theory claims that the widespread poverty in low-income countries has little to do with great affluence in high-income countries.

Question 26

Colonialism and neocolonialism both refer to a situation where one country politically rules or controls another country.

Question 27

During the twentieth century, the standard of living in high-income countries, where the Industrial Revolution took place, increased dramatically.

Question 28

Modernization theory was created as a criticism of U.S.foreign policy.

Question 29

The death of 52 garment workers in a Bangladeshi sweatshop shows that

A)the lives of the world's poor are far worse than many people in the United States realize.
B)workers have greater power in poor countries than they do in the United States.
C)workplace regulations are very strict in low-income nations.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 30

Dependency theory claims that poverty results from natural processes, such as people having too many children.

Question 31

There is less economic inequality in the world today than a century ago; but since about 1970, the degree of economic inequality in the world has increased.

Question 32

The wealthiest 20 percent of the global population receives about what percentage of all global income?

A)25 percent
B)37 percent
C)50 percent
D)77 percent

Question 33

Modernization theory claims that what we need to explain in human history is not poverty but affluence.

Question 34

Modernization theory claims that rich nations can and do help solve the world's poverty problem.

Question 35

The poorest 20 percent of the global population receives about what percentage of all global income?

A)2 percent
B)5 percent
C)10 percent
D)15 percent

Question 36

Huge businesses that operate in many different countries are called multinational corporations.

Question 37

In Walt Rostow's model of economic development, the first stage before the modernization process begins is called "take-off stage."

Question 38

Dependency theory states that high-income nations have narrow, export-oriented economies.

Question 39

Critics say that dependency theory wrongly treats wealth as a zero-sum, ignoring how the world has become much richer over time.

Question 40

Modernization theory focuses on the production of wealth, while dependency theory focuses on the distribution of wealth.

Question 41

In poor nations, poverty is_____ than in the United States.

A)more likely to involve men
B)more widespread and severe
C)addressed more effectively
D)a less serious problem

Question 42

In poor countries, the disadvantages women face relative to men are

A)about the same as in rich nations.
B)smaller than in rich nations.
C)greater than in rich nations.
D)nonexistent; in poor countries, women and men have the same social standing.

Question 43

For the world as a whole, about how many people suffer from chronic hunger that leaves them less able to work and places them at high risk of disease?

A)1 million
B)10 million
C)100 million
D)1 billion

Question 44

Absolute poverty is

A)most common in large nations such as the United States.
B)the same as relative poverty.
C)life threatening.
D)found only in the poorest nations.

Question 45

From a global perspective, economic productivity is lowest in precisely the regions where

A)population increase is highest.
B)most people live in cities.
C)technology is most advanced.
D)there was once the greatest prosperity.

Question 46

The people of the high-income countries, who represent 23 percent of the world's population, enjoy about how much of the world's income?

A)18 percent
B)38 percent
C)58 percent
D)78 percent

Question 47

"Las Colonias" refers to settlements

A)that are often called "America's Third World."
B)in Texas near the Mexican border where it is very poor.
C)containing Hispanic Americans, almost all of whom are legal U.S.residents.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 48

Of the roughly 1 billion people in the world who are living in absolute poverty, what percentage are women?

A)20 percent
B)35 percent
C)50 percent
D)70 percent

Question 49

Japan, Canada, and the nations of Western Europe are all classified as

A)low-income countries.
B)middle-income countries.
C)high-income countries.
D)These countries do not fall into any one category.

Question 50

In the world's lowest-income nations, two in ten children born die by the age of

A)one.
B)five.
C)thirty-five.
D)seventy.

Question 51

Which type of slavery refers to one person owning another?

A)chattel slavery
B)child slavery
C)debt bondage
D)servile forms of marriage

Question 52

One of the countries listed below is NOT a high-income nation.Which one is it?

A)Canada
B)South Africa
C)Israel
D)Mexico

Question 53

Which world region contains the largest percentage of the world's street children?

A)Asia
B)Latin America
C)Africa
D)Europe

Question 54

According to Anti-Slavery International, about how many men, women, and children live today in conditions that amount to slavery?

A)20,000
B)200,000
C)200 million
D)2 billion

Question 55

A majority of the world's people live in

A)low-income nations.
B)middle-income nations.
C)high-income nations.
D)None of these are correct.

Question 56

If you wanted to visit the world's low-income nations, where would you travel?

A)Africa and Asia
B)Latin America
C)Eastern Europe
D)North America

Question 57

In 2011, how many independent nations were there in the world?

A)57
B)195
C)341
D)2,190

Question 58

In middle-income nations, average personal income is in the range of

A)$250 and $1,000.
B)$1,000 and $2,500.
C)$2,500 and $12,000.
D)$12,000 and $25,000.

Question 59

High-income nations

A)are at the forefront of the Information Revolution.
B)make use of factories, big machinery, and advanced technology.
C)contain almost all the world's financial markets.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 60

About how many people in the world die each year due to starvation?

A)50,000
B)500,000
C)1 million
D)9 million

Question 61

Which of the following social theorists is identified with modernization theory?

A)Max Weber
B)Karl Marx
C)George Herbert Mead
D)Immanuel Wallerstein

Question 62

The concept of "colonialism" refers to the process by which

A)rich nations share advanced technology with poor countries.
B)some nations enrich themselves through political and economic control of others.
C)poor nations force an end to control by other nations.
D)immigration helps to spark economic development in rich nations.

Question 63

Which type of slavery consists of employers holding workers by paying them too little to cover their debts?

A)chattel slavery
B)child slavery
C)debt bondage
D)servile forms of marriage

Question 64

If you were to apply modernization theory to the problem of global poverty, you might point to which of the following traits of low-income nations?

A)the use of relatively little advanced technology
B)high levels of population increase
C)cultural resistance to innovation
D)All of these are correct.

Question 65

Some critics claim that modernization theory

A)ignores how rich nations prevent the economic development of poor nations.
B)amounts to an attack on capitalism.
C)treats rich and poor societies as linked.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 66

While modernization theory focuses on _____, dependency theory focuses on _____.

A)poor nations; rich nations
B)the future; the past
C)production of wealth; distribution of wealth
D)All of these are correct.

Question 67

What is Wallerstein's term for the middle-income countries of the world?

A)core
B)semiperiphery
C)periphery
D)outsider nations

Question 68

Modernization theory identifies which of the following as the greatest barrier to economic development?

A)technology
B)multinational corporations
C)capitalism
D)traditional culture

Question 69

A social theorist who contributed to the development of dependency theory by tracing the growth of the capitalist world economy is

A)Max Weber.
B)Emile Durkheim.
C)Walt Rostow.
D)Immanuel Wallerstein.

Question 70

Wallerstein pointed to several factors that cause dependency among low-income nations.Which of the following is a factor that Wallerstein did NOT claim to be a cause of dependency?

A)narrow, export-oriented economies
B)lack of integration into the world economy
C)lack of industrial capacity
D)foreign debt

Question 71

What concept refers to a global economy in which multinational corporations exploit people in low-income nations?

A)colonialism
B)corporate slavery
C)neocolonialism
D)international bondage

Question 72

According to Immanuel Wallerstein's theory of global capitalism, which nations are at the "core" of the world economy?

A)high-income nations
B)middle-income nations
C)low-income nations
D)All nations form the "core."

Question 73

Modernization theory claims that

A)poor nations can never become rich in today's world.
B)the main causes of poverty involve culture and technology.
C)the main causes of poverty involve multinational corporations.
D)most poor nations were richer in the past.

Question 74

In past centuries, European nations colonized countries in

A)Africa.
B)Latin America.
C)Asia.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 75

Dependency theory differs from modernization theory by

A)making poor nations responsible for their own fate.
B)supporting capitalism as a path to development.
C)explaining global inequality in terms of the exploitation of poor countries by rich countries.
D)claiming that economic development is not a desirable goal.

Question 76

If you were applying modernization theory to the problem of global poverty, you might expect rich nations to aid the economic development of poor nations by

A)assisting in population control.
B)increasing food production.
C)increasing industrial production.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 77

The concept of "neocolonialism" refers to the process by which

A)countries gain new colonies to replace older ones.
B)countries rid themselves of former colonies.
C)multinational corporations dominate the economy of a poor country.
D)companies operate in many countries at one time.

Question 78

According to Walt Rostow, nations begin at the _____ stage of development and may eventually reach the stage of _____.

A)drive to technological maturity; take-off
B)traditional; high mass consumption
C)high mass consumption; take-off
D)take-off; drive to technological maturity

Question 79

According to dependency theory, poor countries have become dependent on rich nations because

A)they sell raw materials to rich nations.
B)rich countries bring tourism dollars.
C)rich nations buy their manufactured goods.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 80

André Gunder Frank states that poor nations

A)are responsible for their own poverty.
B)were "underdeveloped," or made poor, by rich nations.
C)suffer from traditional culture.
D)need to gain more productive technology.