Question 1

The nurse is explaining the action of botulism, a disease in which the causative organism is ingested with contaminated food or water. Contamination usually occurs by accident through inadequate canning and preserving processes, but it also could occur as a result of:

A) Preservatives used on the food.
B) Environmental contamination.
C) Bioterrorist activity.
D) Insecticides used on crops.

Bioterrorist activity.

Accepted Answer

3. Botulism can be caused by contamination by accident through inadequate canning and preserving processes, but could potentially occur as a result of bioterrorist activity. Insecticides used on crops are not a cause of botulism. Food preservatives are not a source of botulism.

Question 2

The population health nurse is preparing information to present during a community health fair. What should the nurse include to reduce the susceptibility to communicable diseases in this population? (Select all that apply.)

A) Maintain an adequate diet.
B) Get plenty of rest and sleep.
C) Be sure to exercise every day.
D) Learn strategies to reduce stress.
E) Isolate family members who are ill.

Maintain an adequate diet.
Get plenty of rest and sleep.
Be sure to exercise every day.
Learn strategies to reduce stress.

Accepted Answer

1. Basic health promotion strategies can reduce susceptibility to communicable diseases in individuals or in population groups. Adequate nutrition is an essential facet of health promotion with respect to communicable diseases. Maintaining one's health through adequate rest and physical activity can also reduce one's susceptibility to illness. Promotion of good coping skills can reduce the contribution of stress to the development of chronic diseases. Population health nurses can educate individuals, families, and population groups regarding good nutrition, rest and exercise, and coping. Isolating family members who are ill is not a strategy to reduce the susceptibility to communicable diseases.
2. Basic health promotion strategies can reduce susceptibility to communicable diseases in individuals or in population groups. Adequate nutrition is an essential facet of health promotion with respect to communicable diseases. Maintaining one's health through adequate rest and physical activity can also reduce one's susceptibility to illness. Promotion of good coping skills can reduce the contribution of stress to the development of chronic diseases. Population health nurses can educate individuals, families, and population groups regarding good nutrition, rest and exercise, and coping. Isolating family members who are ill is not a strategy to reduce the susceptibility to communicable diseases.
3. Basic health promotion strategies can reduce susceptibility to communicable diseases in individuals or in population groups. Adequate nutrition is an essential facet of health promotion with respect to communicable diseases. Maintaining one's health through adequate rest and physical activity can also reduce one's susceptibility to illness. Promotion of good coping skills can reduce the contribution of stress to the development of chronic diseases. Population health nurses can educate individuals, families, and population groups regarding good nutrition, rest and exercise, and coping. Isolating family members who are ill is not a strategy to reduce the susceptibility to communicable diseases.
4. Basic health promotion strategies can reduce susceptibility to communicable diseases in individuals or in population groups. Adequate nutrition is an essential facet of health promotion with respect to communicable diseases. Maintaining one's health through adequate rest and physical activity can also reduce one's susceptibility to illness. Promotion of good coping skills can reduce the contribution of stress to the development of chronic diseases. Population health nurses can educate individuals, families, and population groups regarding good nutrition, rest and exercise, and coping. Isolating family members who are ill is not a strategy to reduce the susceptibility to communicable diseases.

Question 3

The population health nurse is working in a small rural community. For the last 12 months the community's population has experienced outbreaks of various gastrointestinal diseases. For which type of disease should the nurse plan care?

A) Epidemic.
B) Endemic.
C) Outbreak.
D) Pandemic.

Endemic.

Accepted Answer

2. An endemic disease is one that demonstrates a consistent chain of transmission from person to person for 12 months or more in a particular geographic area. An epidemic involves the occurrence of a great number of cases of a disease far beyond what would ordinarily be expected in a given population. An outbreak is an increased number of cases in the population that does not approach epidemic proportions. A pandemic is the simultaneous, extensive outbreak of disease or epidemics in several parts of the world.

Question 4

The population health nurse is following up on care provided to a client with a sexually transmitted disease. Which statement indicates that the client needs additional teaching?&#10;A) &#34;I need to practice safe sex at all times.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Once treated I will never contract gonorrhea again.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Even after treatment I can contract the same disease.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Having had mumps does not increase my risk of developing a sexually transmitted illness.&#34;&#10;

Accepted Answer

3. Some diseases do not produce immunity and reinfection is possible and even likely if clients do not change risk behaviors. Clients may be reinfected with gonorrhea as a result of continued unprotected sexual activity. The other statements indicate that teaching has been effective for this client.

Question 5

The population health nurse is reviewing immunization records for a group of community members. For which clients should the nurse recommend an updated tetanus vaccination? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Over the age of 65.&#10;B) Smokes 1 ppd of cigarettes.&#10;C) History of using injection drugs.&#10;D) Being treated for type 2 diabetes.&#10;E) Recovering from pacemaker insertion.&#10;

Accepted Answer

1. Updated tetanus vaccination is particularly recommended for persons with diabetes, injection drug users (IDUs), and those over 65 years of age, who may never have been immunized. Smoking history and pacemaker insertion does not increase the risk of tetanus.
3. Updated tetanus vaccination is particularly recommended for persons with diabetes, injection drug users (IDUs), and those over 65 years of age, who may never have been immunized. Smoking history and pacemaker insertion does not increase the risk of tetanus.
4. Updated tetanus vaccination is particularly recommended for persons with diabetes, injection drug users (IDUs), and those over 65 years of age, who may never have been immunized. Smoking history and pacemaker insertion does not increase the risk of tetanus.

Question 6

A client with an open wound was splashed with contaminated body fluid. The diseases the client is most at risk for developing include:&#10;A) All of the hepatitis diseases.&#10;B) HIV and only hepatitis C.&#10;C) Salmonellosis, typhoid, and HIV.&#10;D) HIV, and hepatitis B, C, and D.&#10;

Accepted Answer

4. Diseases commonly spread by direct inoculation include HIV and hepatitis B, C, and D. Hepatitis A and E are transmitted by fecal-oral/ingestion. Salmonellosis is also spread by fecal-oral/ingestion. Typhoid is most often ingested in contaminated food or drink.

Question 7

A client and the client's caretaker are talking with the nurse in the community chronic disease clinic. The caretaker is complaining that the client is more difficult to care for and has altered behavior. The nurse suspects dementia. What disease does this scenario most likely describe?

A) Tuberculosis.
B) HIV/AIDS.
C) Hepatitis C.
D) Hepatitis A.

Accepted Answer

2. Clients with HIV/AIDS may develop dementia, which alters behavior and makes caring for them difficult. Clients with tuberculosis, hepatitis C and A are not prone to developing dementia.

Question 8

The population health nurse is working in a community that has significant problems with sanitation and disposal of both human and animal feces. Which communicable diseases is the community most at risk for developing?

A) Hepatitis A, tetanus, and polio.
B) Hepatitis A, botulism, and tuberculosis.
C) Plague, malaria, and hepatitis E.
D) Diphtheria, varicella, and tetanus.

Accepted Answer

1. Sanitation and disposal of both human and animal feces are factors in the environment that affect the development of communicable diseases, particularly hepatitis A, tetanus, and polio. Crowded living conditions enhance the spread of tuberculosis. Poor environmental sanitation contributes to the incidence of poliomyelitis and hepatitis E. Overcrowded conditions contribute to the incidence of polio, diphtheria, and varicella. Plague is spread by insect or animal bites. Botulism is spread by contaminated food and water.

Question 9

The population health nurse is observing care being given by a health care provider in the community. What should the nurse recommend to reduce the risk of spreading communicable diseases?&#10;A) Wearing gloves when listening for lung sounds.&#10;B) Not recapping needles after providing an injection.&#10;C) Having the client wash hands before being examined.&#10;D) Wearing a mask while conducting the client interview.&#10;

Accepted Answer

2. Health care providers are at particular risk for developing and spreading communicable diseases. U.S. recommendations include implementing safe work practices such as not recapping needles. Wearing gloves, having the client wash hands, and wearing a mask will not necessarily reduce the risk of spreading communicable diseases.

Question 10

The population health nurse is planning strategies to prevent communicable diseases in a community. On which areas should the nurse focus? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Postexposure prophylaxis.&#10;B) Immunizations.&#10;C) Screening.&#10;D) Surveillance.&#10;E) Monitoring.&#10;

Accepted Answer

1. Major emphases in preventing communicable diseases include immunization and pre- and postexposure prophylaxis. Resolution activities in relation to communicable diseases include surveillance, screening, and monitoring.
2. Major emphases in preventing communicable diseases include immunization and pre- and postexposure prophylaxis. Resolution activities in relation to communicable diseases include surveillance, screening, and monitoring.

Question 11

There is an epidemic of influenza in a small, rural community. The leaders of the community are so concerned about the epidemic that they canceled all planned public events. This is an example of:&#10;A) Social distancing.&#10;B) Quarantine.&#10;C) Isolation.&#10;D) Restricting.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of There is an epidemic of influenza in...

Question 12

The student is preparing a poster for a presentation in a community health class. Which communicable disease on the poster should the student explain has been completely eradicated from the world?&#10;A) Poliomyelitis.&#10;B) Smallpox.&#10;C) Rubella.&#10;D) Tetanus.&#10;E) Mumps.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The student is preparing a poster for...

Question 13

The population health nurse came to work in the nursery after being sick for 24 hours with an elevated temperature and diarrhea. After working the 12-hour shift, several of the newborns showed the same symptoms. This best describes a(n):

A) Communicable disease.
B) Epidemic.
C) Outbreak.
D) Nosocomial infection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The population health nurse came to work...

Question 14

The population health nurse is reviewing reporting requirements for communicable diseases. In which class should the nurse place the reporting of the common cold?&#10;A) Extremely urgent.&#10;B) Urgent.&#10;C) To be reported in the next cycle.&#10;D) Not to be reported.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The population health nurse is reviewing reporting...

Question 15

The population health nurse is making a graph to show some of the common diseases that are transmitted through sexual contact. The diseases that should be on the graph are:&#10;A) Chlamydia, hepatitis A, and human immunodeficiency virus.&#10;B) Gonorrhea, hepatitis C, and hepatitis A.&#10;C) Genital herpes, hepatitis B, and syphilis.&#10;D) Syphilis, haemophilus influenzae type B, and gonorrhea.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The population health nurse is making a...

Question 16

A four year old child is seen in the emergency department for multiple tick bites over the abdomen and lower extremities. The child is most at risk for developing which communicable disease?&#10;A) Plague.&#10;B) Malaria.&#10;C) Rocky Mountain spotted fever.&#10;D) Rabies.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A four year old child is seen...

Question 17

A diabetic client is being screened for tuberculosis. The nurse administers the tuberculin skin test. Instructions related to the skin test should include:&#10;A) The client must return within 24 to 36 hours to have the test assessed.&#10;B) A positive reaction to the skin test is based upon redness around the injection site.&#10;C) An induration area of 15 mm or greater is significant in this client.&#10;D) An induration area of 10 mm or more is considered positive in this client.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A diabetic client is being screened for...

Deck 26: Communicable Diseases