Deck 26: Consciousness: Psychoactive Drugs

Question 1

Which of the following drugs affects certain types of brain cells that cause relaxation and relieve anxiety?

A)alcohol
B)cocaine
C)ecstasy
D)LSD

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The stimulation-depression scale is less relevant for psychoactive drugs whose principal characteristic is their mind- altering quality.These drugs are classified as

A)amphetamines.
B)uppers.
C)downers.
D)hallucinogens.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The most powerful psychoactive drugs are

A)stimulants.
B)depressants.
C)controlled substances.
D)hallucinogens.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Regarding psychoactive drugs,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Nearly 23 million Americans are currently illicit drug users.
B)Most psychoactive drugs can be placed on a scale ranging from stimulation to depression.
C)Caffeine,alcohol,and nicotine are not considered psychoactive drugs.
D)Drugs that ease pain,induce sleep,or end depression have a high potential for abuse.

Question 5

Regarding psychoactive drug use,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)None of the addictive drugs have legitimate or healthful uses.
B)Some addictive drugs have been used for centuries in various cultures,in a search for insight.
C)Most Americans regularly use consciousness-altering drugs.
D)The key to healthy drug use is moderation.

Question 6

Nicotine influences brain activity by mimicking neurotransmitters.Which of the following drugs influence brain activity in a similar way?

A)alcohol
B)cocaine
C)ecstasy
D)opiates

Question 7

Psychoactive drugs can be placed on a scale ranging from

A)addiction to withdrawal.
B)dependency to addiction.
C)stimulation to depression.
D)hallucinogenic to analgesic.

Question 8

Which of the following drugs produces a stimulating effect by prolonging the action of the transmitter chemicals?

A)alcohol
B)cocaine
C)heroin
D)nicotine

Question 9

A substance capable of altering attention,emotion,judgment,memory,time sense,self-control,or perception

A)is classified as a psychoactive drug.
B)is classified as a narcotic.
C)is an addictive drug.
D)produces withdrawal symptoms.

Question 10

When Lewis smokes,the nicotine from the cigarettes will affect his brain cells by

A)causing more neurotransmitters to be released.
B)prolonging the action of certain neurotransmitters.
C)directly stimulating brain cells through the mimicry of specific neurotransmitters in the brain.
D)filling receptor sites on brain cells and blocking incoming messages.

Question 11

Drugs that decrease the functioning of the central and peripheral nervous systems are known as

A)narcotics.
B)stimulants.
C)depressants.
D)hallucinogens.

Question 12

The most common way to alter human consciousness is

A)through meditation.
B)through hypnosis.
C)by administering a psychoactive drug.
D)by experiencing sensory deprivation.

Question 13

Jacob has taken Ecstasy.The activity within his brain will increase because this drug

A)causes more neurotransmitters to be released.
B)will prolong the action of certain neurotransmitters.
C)will directly stimulate brain cells by mimicking specific neurotransmitters in the brain.
D)will fill receptor sites on brain cells and block incoming messages.

Question 14

Alcohol,marijuana,caffeine,LSD,and cocaine are examples of chemical agents that alter perceptions and moods. These substances are collectively known as

A)narcotics.
B)stimulants.
C)depressants.
D)psychoactive drugs.

Question 15

Which of the following drugs cause(s)more neurotransmitters to be released,which,in turn,increases the activity of the brain cells?

A)alcohol
B)cocaine
C)amphetamines
D)nicotine

Question 16

Psychoactive drugs are

A)those that are physiologically addicting.
B)substances capable of altering attention,perception,and mood.
C)a class of dangerous prescription drugs that have potentially harmful physiological side effects.
D)those which cause withdrawal symptoms and tolerance.

Question 17

Since their principal characteristic is their mind-altering quality,LSD,mescaline,and marijuana are classified as

A)amphetamines.
B)uppers.
C)downers.
D)hallucinogens.

Question 18

Psychoactive drugs alter consciousness by

A)raising the metabolic rate within the body.
B)changing the blood volume level of various substances within the body.
C)deactivating the ganglia within the somatic nervous system.
D)directly influencing brain activity.

Question 19

Psychoactive drugs influence the activity of the brain by causing more of which of the following substances to be released or by prolonging or mimicking these substances' actions?

A)neurotransmitters
B)charged positrons
C)sodium ions
D)potassium ions

Question 20

Drugs that increase the functioning of the central and peripheral nervous systems are known as

A)narcotics.
B)stimulants.
C)depressants.
D)hallucinogens.

Question 21

All of the following are predictors of adolescent drug use EXCEPT for

A)social nonconformity.
B)parental maladjustment.
C)high self-esteem.
D)drug use by peers.

Question 22

The physical illness that follows removal of a drug is referred to as

A)addiction symptoms.
B)withdrawal symptoms.
C)tolerance level.
D)a psychological dependence syndrome.

Question 23

Addictive drugs stimulate a brain region called the nucleus accumbens,which results in intensified feelings of pleasure due to the release of which neurotransmitter?

A)acetylcholine
B)melatonine
C)norepinephrine
D)dopamine

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a reason that adolescents are more likely to use and abuse drugs?

A)the adolescent's belief that the risks of drug use are low
B)drugs being readily available.
C)drug use by their peers being viewed as acceptable
D)the adolescent's brain systems that restrain risk­taking being more mature than those involved in reward pleasure-seeking

Question 25

Bill has been a heavy alcohol user for a number of years.When he decides to quit "cold turkey," he experiences violent flu-like symptoms of nausea,vomiting,diarrhea,chills,sweating,and cramps.Bill is experiencing

A)drug tolerance.
B)drug psychosis.
C)a psychological dependence.
D)withdrawal symptoms.

Question 26

Addictive drugs do all of the following EXCEPT

A)cause the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to be released,resulting in intensified feelings of fear and paranoia.
B)fool brain-reward pathways creating a compulsion to repeat the drug experience.
C)stimulate a brain region called the nucleus accumbens.
D)physically change the brain's reward circuitry,making it harder for the addict to overcome his or her addiction.

Question 27

If Terry stops taking Oxycontin,he develops physical ailments,such as chills,cramps,and diarrhea.Terry is experiencing

A)tolerance.
B)physical dependence.
C)psychological dependence.
D)drug psychosis.

Question 28

Which of the following exists when a person compulsively uses a drug to maintain physical or bodily comfort?

A)drug tolerance
B)psychological dependence
C)emotional dependence
D)physical dependence

Question 29

Nearly all addictive drugs

A)increase the activity in all the brain cells.
B)prolong the action of transmitter chemicals.
C)stimulate the brain's reward circuitry.
D)mimic natural neurotransmitters.

Question 30

Through the stimulation of which brain region do addictive drugs cause the neurotransmitter dopamine to be released,resulting in intensified feelings of pleasure?

A)pons
B)nucleus accumbens
C)lateral reticular formation
D)pineal gland

Question 31

All of the following are predictors of adolescent drug use EXCEPT for

A)social conformity.
B)parental drug use.
C)poor self-esteem.
D)stressful life changes.

Question 32

The presence of a drug tolerance and withdrawal symptoms is indicative of

A)polydrug abuse.
B)a physical dependence.
C)an emotional dependence.
D)a psychological dependence.

Question 33

Regarding drug use,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Abused drugs rarely produce immediate feelings of pleasure,although the feelings of pleasure do increase as the drug compulsion develops over time.
B)Antisocial behavior,school failure,and risky sexual behavior are commonly associated with drug abuse by adolescents.
C)Adolescents who abuse drugs tend to be maladjusted,alienated,impulsive,and emotionally distressed,although taking drugs is a symptom,rather than the cause,of this personal and social maladjustment.
D)If an abuser merely feels better,even briefly,after taking a drug,drug taking can become compulsive.

Question 34

After smoking a pack of cigarettes each day for over ten years,Jackie decided to quit.Unfortunately,she got bad headaches,felt tired,and experienced mood swings.These physical changes are known as symptoms.

A)tolerance
B)addiction
C)withdrawal
D)dependency

Question 35

Drug abuse is a common problem for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A)the immediate feelings of pleasure produced by the drug.
B)the lack of negative consequences.
C)a desire to belong to a group.
D)an escape from feelings of inadequacy.

Question 36

Adolescents are especially susceptible to addiction because

A)children and adolescents release more neurotransmitters than adults.
B)the corpus callosum in the brains of adolescents are not fully developed.
C)the brain systems that restrain risk-taking are not as mature as those that reward pleasure-seeking.
D)of the hormones that are released at puberty that interact with the drugs to produce a more intensified and pleasurable effect.

Question 37

Regarding the abuse of drugs,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)If a person merely feels briefly better after taking a drug,his or her drug taking will not become compulsive.
B)Many drug abusers turn to drugs in a self-defeating attempt to cope with life.
C)Antisocial behavior,school failure,and risky sexual behavior are commonly associated with drug abuse.
D)The combination of immediate pleasure and delayed punishment allow abusers to feel good on demand.

Question 38

Since antisocial behavior,school failure,and risky sexual behavior are commonly associated with drug abuse,these patterns make it clear that taking drugs is

A)a symptom,rather than a cause of personal and social maladjustment.
B)the cause,rather than a symptom of personal and social maladjustment.
C)genetically-influenced along with these other problems.
D)due to a lack of enforcement of rules in many social areas.

Question 39

Addictive drugs increase dopamine activity in the medial forebrain bundle and the nucleus accumbens,which,in turn,gives rise to intensified feelings of pleasure due to which region of the cortex being stimulated?

A)parietal
B)temporal
C)frontal
D)occipital

Question 40

Physical cravings for a drug and unpleasant reactions when the drug is withheld are signs of

A)drug tolerance.
B)psychological dependence.
C)emotional dependence.
D)physical dependence.

Question 41

According to your textbook,which of the following drugs is classified as a narcotic and is addictive?

A)codeine
B)cocaine
C)GHB
D)MDMA

Question 42

People who take drugs intravenously are at high risk for

A)addiction.
B)hepatitis.
C)HIV.
D)all of these conditions.

Question 43

Which of the following leads users to take larger and larger doses of a drug to get the desired effect?

A)withdrawal symptoms
B)reduced activity of neurotransmitters
C)psychological dependence
D)drug tolerance

Question 44

Ramon is asked by his family doctor if he has in the last year ever drank more than he meant to and if he has felt that he needed to cut down on his drinking.If Ramon answers "yes" to both of these questions,his doctor should tell him that he

A)would be classified as an average social drinker and should not worry.
B)is probably under some stress and should just watch his consumption.
C)may have the beginning of a problem,but not to worry and just cut back some.
D)most likely has an alcohol problem and needs professional help.

Question 45

Regarding addictive drugs,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Some psychologists define addiction as any compulsive habit pattern.
B)A psychological dependence on a drug is much less powerful than a physical addiction to a drug.
C)Drugs most likely to lead to physical dependence are alcohol,amphetamines,barbiturates,cocaine,codeine,heroin,methadone,morphine,and nicotine.
D)Any psychoactive drug can result in a psychological dependence.

Question 46

Cara tried marijuana because she was curious about what effects this drug would have on her.Cara's pattern of drug-taking behavior would be classified as

A)experimental.
B)compulsive.
C)situational.
D)social-recreational.

Question 47

According to the comparison of drugs in your textbook,which of the following drugs leads to a psychological dependence but does NOT appear to lead to a physical addiction?

A)psilocybin
B)cocaine
C)alcohol
D)nicotine

Question 48

When Carl first started drinking,all he needed to get a buzz was two beers.Now it takes two six packs.This reduction in Carl's responsiveness to his "drug of choice" is called a

A)drug compulsion.
B)drug tolerance.
C)physical withdrawal.
D)psychological addiction.

Question 49

If drugs are considered necessary to maintain one's emotional well­being,then which of the following exists?

A)a psychological dependence
B)a situational dependence
C)a physical dependence
D)drug withdrawal

Question 50

According to some psychologists,a person who has lost control over their drug use and used more drugs than he or she meant to in the last year has a compulsive habit known as a(n)

A)addiction.
B)drug tolerance.
C)psychological withdrawal.
D)binge pattern.

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT one of the patterns of drug abuse listed in your textbook?

A)social-recreational
B)experimental
C)regressive
D)compulsive

Question 52

Carolyn likes to have her morning cup of coffee.Having this cup of coffee each morning helps her to maintain feelings of well-being;thus,Carolyn has

A)a psychological dependence.
B)a physical dependence.
C)an addiction.
D)built-up a tolerance to caffeine.

Question 53

According to your textbook,the drugs that are classified as addictive sedative-hypnotics include which of the following?

A)alcohol
B)barbiturates
C)GHB
D)all of these

Question 54

According to your textbook,which of the following drugs causes a physical dependence?

A)LSD
B)GHB
C)mescaline
D)MDMA

Question 55

Which of the following drugs can result in a psychological dependence,but has NOT been shown to be physically addicting?

A)MDMA
B)nicotine
C)alcohol
D)methadone

Question 56

Sam drinks alcohol only on the days that work has been extremely stressful so that he can relax and "try to forget." Sam's pattern of drug­taking behavior would be classified as

A)intensive.
B)compulsive.
C)situational.
D)social-recreational.

Question 57

Kim only has one or two alcoholic drinks when she goes out to a restaurant with her friends a few times a month. Kim's pattern of drug­taking behavior would be classified as

A)experimental.
B)compulsive.
C)situational.
D)social-recreational.

Question 58

Regarding drug dependencies,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)A psychological dependence can be just as powerful as a physical addiction.
B)Some psychologists define addiction as any compulsive habit pattern.
C)A reduction in the body's response to a drug is known as drug withdrawal.
D)People who develop a psychological dependence feel that a drug is necessary to maintain comfort or well- being.

Question 59

The reduction in the body's response to a drug which may accompany drug use is called

A)withdrawal.
B)drug addiction.
C)psychological dependence.
D)drug tolerance.

Question 60

According to your textbook,a physical dependence occurs with which of the following drugs?

A)alcohol
B)cocaine
C)nicotine
D)all of these

Question 61

The most legitimate medical uses of amphetamines include which of the following?

A)to treat depression
B)to treat childhood hyperactivity and overdose of depressant drugs
C)to help people stay awake and to improve mental or physical performance
D)for weight loss

Question 62

Which of the following are synthetic stimulants that go by the common street names of "speed," "bennies," and "uppers"?

A)amphetamines
B)barbiturates
C)tranquilizers
D)Rohypnol and GHB

Question 63

Increasing numbers of normal college students are illegally taking which of the following drugs in the hopes these drugs will help them to focus better while doing their school work?

A)Adderall and Ritalin
B)GHB and Xanax
C)mescaline and marijuana
D)benzodiazepine and Rohypnol

Question 64

The combined effect of two drugs that exceeds what would be expected from the mere addition of one drug to the other is known as

A)a drug interaction.
B)stimulus control.
C)amphetamine psychosis.
D)the paradoxical intention.

Question 65

Gene has been using crystal meth everyday for the last six months.He has lost his part-time job and is flunking out of college.He has pawned many of his possessions and even stolen money from his family to "take care of his habit." Gene's drug­taking behavior,at this point,would be classified as

A)intensive.
B)compulsive.
C)situational.
D)recreational.

Question 66

When drugs like barbiturates or tranquilizers are mixed with alcohol,their effects are multiplied,due to a

A)binge effect.
B)drug interaction.
C)drug overload.
D)lethal side effects.

Question 67

The most damaging patterns of drug taking are

A)recreational,situational,experimental.
B)social,experimental,recreational.
C)situational,intensive,compulsive.
D)social,situational,intensive.

Question 68

Regarding drug-taking behavior,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Some drugs have a higher potential for abuse than others.
B)Short-term drug use based on curiosity is classified as social-recreational use.
C)The abuse of more than one drug at the same time is referred to as polydrug use.
D)Some people remain social drinkers for life,whereas others become alcoholics within weeks of taking their first drink.

Question 69

Adderall and Ritalin are both mixes of amphetamines and are used to treat

A)hypersomnia and sleep apnea.
B)obsessive compulsive disorder.
C)schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
D)attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Question 70

Regarding amphetamines,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Taking amphetamines as "study drugs" may produce slight improvements in problem­solving performance.
B)Taking amphetamines to improve college performance has been shown to result in a significant gain in creativity.
C)Amphetamines have been shown to be physically addicting.
D)Amphetamines speed up the use of the body's resources and do not magically supply energy.

Question 71

Which combination of drugs is most likely to produce a lethal drug interaction?

A)alcohol and nicotine
B)barbiturate and alcohol
C)hallucinogen and amphetamine
D)barbiturate and amphetamine

Question 72

Adderall and Ritalin are used to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)with both drugs being mixes of

A)amphetamines.
B)barbiturates.
C)sedative-hypnotics.
D)tranquilizers.

Question 73

Illicit use of which of the following drugs has become widespread,especially by people seeking to stay awake and by those who think these drugs can improve their mental or physical performance?

A)mescaline and psilocybin
B)GHB and Rohypnol
C)amphetamines
D)sedative-hypnotics

Question 74

Which of the following were once widely prescribed for weight loss or depression,but today,their main legitimate medical uses are to treat childhood hyperactivity and overdoses of depressant drugs?

A)amphetamines
B)tranquilizers
C)barbiturates
D)sedative-hypnotics

Question 75

David is a truck driver that usually drives within the state,but he uses amphetamines when he is having trouble staying awake on the cross­country haul he has to make once a month.David's pattern of drug­taking behavior would be classified as

A)intensive.
B)compulsive.
C)situational.
D)social-recreational.

Question 76

A long-distance truck driver who abuses a drug in order to stay awake for long hours would probably be an abuser of

A)PCP.
B)amphetamines.
C)benzodiazepines.
D)GHB.

Question 77

Thousands of fatal drug overdoses occur each year due to drug interactions of legally or illegally obtained drugs.This pattern of abuse is called abuse.

A)multi-situational
B)compound
C)compulsive-recreational
D)polydrug

Question 78

Terrence has three term papers due and four major tests in the next three weeks.His friends suggest that he take a "study drug" to help him stay awake and focus better.The "study drug" that his friends have suggested that he
Take illegally is most likely

A)GHB.
B)Ritalin.
C)Xanax.
D)Rohypnol.

Question 79

Four months ago,Randi started drinking one alcoholic beverage to relax enough to go to sleep.Soon she was having two drinks each night,and recently,she has increased to three drinks.So far,this drinking has not significantly affected her work,although she does not feel very alert when she awakens each morning.Randi's pattern of drug-taking behavior,at this point,would be classified as

A)intensive.
B)compulsive.
C)situational.
D)social-recreational.

Question 80

According to the Florida Medical Examiners Commission in 2012,which of the following accounted for the "vast majority" of deaths due to drug overdose?

A)situational abuse
B)polydrug abuse
C)crystal meth abuse
D)alcohol poisoning