Deck 52: Personality: Psychoanalytic and Humanistic Theories

Question 1

Dr.Armad explains that his patient's anxiety is the result of hidden,or unconscious conflicts,thoughts,emotions and unfulfilled needs.Dr.Armad is using the approach.

A)psychoanalytic
B)behavioral
C)medical
D)humanistic

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to Freud,which of the following directs behavior by relating the desires of the id to external reality?

A)ideal self
B)superego
C)ego
D)libido

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following parts of the personality can only form mental images of the things it desires and must rely on the ego to relate its desires to the external reality?

A)id
B)real self
C)conscience
D)ego ideal

Answer 3

A

Question 4

According to Freud,which part of the personality operates on the pleasure principle?

A)superego
B)conscience
C)ego
D)id

Question 5

Freud became interested in the study of personality when he realized that

A)the cause of his patients' problems seemed to be more emotional than physical.
B)the treatment of psychological disorders was more advanced than those for physical disorders.
C)many of his patients were faking symptoms.
D)no comprehensive theories of the mind were widely accepted.

Question 6

According to Freud,the ego is governed by the

A)pleasure principle.
B)reality principle.
C)ego ideal.
D)partial ego principle.

Question 7

According to Freud,the id attempts free expression of impulses of all kinds because it operates in terms of the

A)ego ideal.
B)reality principle.
C)pleasure principle.
D)Oedipus complex.

Question 8

Psychodynamic theories differ from humanistic theories because psychodynamic theories

A)emphasize unconscious thoughts,needs and emotions.
B)consider the self-image a central determinant of behavior and personal adjustment.
C)pay special attention to the fuller use of human potentials.
D)do all of these.

Question 9

Dr.Samson's patient is extremely shy,so he will probe under the surface of her personality to learn what drives,conflicts,and emotions have caused her shyness.Dr.Samson is most likely a therapist.

A)trait
B)behavioral
C)psychodynamic
D)humanistic

Question 10

Psychoanalytic theory,the best-known psychodynamic approach,grew out of the work of

A)Julian Rotter.
B)Carl Rogers.
C)Sigmund Freud.
D)Abraham Maslow.

Question 11

In the Freudian view of personality,which part of the personality is totally unconscious and dominated by biological instincts?

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)ideal self

Question 12

In Freudian theory,the "executive" structure that is directed by the reality principle is the

A)id.
B)ego.
C)superego.
D)libido.

Question 13

A psychiatrist who believes that the behaviors of his patients result from hidden,or unconscious,thoughts,needs,and emotions is using the approach.

A)psychodynamic
B)behavioral
C)medical
D)humanistic

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the three mental structures that Freud believed composed one's personality?

A)ego
B)superego
C)ideal self
D)id

Question 15

According to Freud,which part of the personality is made up of innate biological instincts and urges and is self- serving,impulsive,and irrational?

A)ego
B)id
C)superego
D)real self

Question 16

Delaying action until it is appropriate describes the ego's use of the

A)pleasure principle.
B)morality principle.
C)ego ideal.
D)reality principle.

Question 17

Which theory of personality was developed by Sigmund Freud?

A)psychoanalytic
B)behavioristic
C)humanistic
D)psychosocial

Question 18

In Freud's theory,the mental structure that is in conscious control of the personality and often delays action until it is practical or appropriate is the

A)id.
B)ego.
C)superego.
D)unconscious.

Question 19

Sigmund Freud's theory would be classified as a theory.

A)humanistic
B)psychodynamic
C)behavioral
D)social learning

Question 20

The id,ego,and superego are the three mental structures that direct personality in

A)Maslow's hierarchy of motives.
B)Freud's psychoanalytic theory.
C)Allport's trait theory of personality.
D)Dollard and Miller's critical situations.

Question 21

In Freudian theory,which part of the personality acts as a judge or censor for one's thoughts and actions,acting as an "internalized parent" to bring behavior under control?

A)id
B)ego
C)eros
D)superego

Question 22

The mental structure that assumes the "executive" function of thinking,planning,problem­solving,and deciding is the

A)superego.
B)id.
C)ego.
D)libido.

Question 23

According to Freud,the ego ideal and the conscience are subparts of the

A)libido.
B)id.
C)superego.
D)ego.

Question 24

Scott is out shopping at the local bookstore and stumbles on a rare 20-volume set of The Civil War Years: Crisis,Peril,and Triumph.He has wanted this set for years,but unfortunately right now,he's unable to afford it.If the personality structures proposed by psychoanalytic theory could talk,what would the ego likely say in this situation?

A)"Get it! Get it! Get it!"
B)"Talk to the book store owner,see if you can put a small down payment on it to hold it,and then start saving up the money any way that you can."
C)"You really need this set of books.Why not just charge the whole thing on your already overburdened credit card?"
D)"You always want things you can't afford.You need to spend your money on necessities,not luxuries."

Question 25

Scott is out shopping at the local bookstore and stumbles on a rare 20-volume set of The Civil War Years: Crisis,Peril,and Triumph.He has wanted this set for years,but unfortunately right now,he's unable to afford it.If the personality structures proposed by psychoanalytic theory could talk,what would the superego likely say in this situation?

A)"Get it! Get it! Get it!"
B)"Talk to the book store owner,see if you can put a small down payment on it to hold it,and then start saving up the money any way that you can."
C)"You really need this set of books.Why not just charge the whole thing on your already overburdened credit card?"
D)"You always want things you can't afford.You need to spend your money on necessities,not luxuries."

Question 26

Suppose the ego were a hungry person in a crowded cafeteria.The ego would most likely

A)angrily walk out immediately.
B)wait in line.
C)push to the head of the line.
D)feel guilty about not letting other people go ahead of him or her in the line.

Question 27

According to Freud,feelings of guilt and pride are generated by one's

A)actualized self.
B)ideal self.
C)ego.
D)superego.

Question 28

Regarding the superego,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)The conscience and ego ideal are the subparts of the superego.
B)The superego operates on the pleasure principle.
C)The superego is made up of innate biological instincts.
D)The superego is the thinking and planning executive part of the personality.

Question 29

Id is to "Just do it," as superego is to

A)"Wait till later."
B)"Do your own thing."
C)"Don't do it."
D)"Oh,sit on it."

Question 30

According to Freud,when the standards of conscience are not met,you are punished internally by feelings of

A)envy.
B)pride.
C)guilt.
D)fear and confusion.

Question 31

Suppose the superego were a hungry person in a crowded cafeteria.The superego would most likely

A)walk out.
B)wait in line.
C)push to the head of the line.
D)feel guilty about not letting other people go ahead of him or her in the line.

Question 32

According to Freud,when the standards of the ego ideal are met,we feel

A)pride.
B)guilt.
C)envy.
D)fear and confusion.

Question 33

According to Freud,a person with a weak superego would probably be

A)guilty.
B)nervous.
C)self-serving.
D)ambitious.

Question 34

According to Freud,a person is likely to become a delinquent or a criminal if which of the following is poorly developed?

A)id
B)libido
C)ego
D)superego

Question 35

What are the two parts of the superego,according to Freud?

A)id and ego
B)Eros and Thanatos
C)conscience and ego ideal
D)the real self and the ideal self

Question 36

Scott is out shopping at the local bookstore and stumbles on a rare 20-volume set of The Civil War Years: Crisis,Peril,and Triumph.He has wanted this set for years,but unfortunately right now,he's unable to afford it.If the personality structures proposed by psychoanalytic theory could talk,what would the id likely say in this situation?

A)"Walk away and don't look back."
B)"Talk to the book store owner,see if you can put a small down payment on it to hold it,and then start saving up the money any way that you can."
C)"You really need this set of books.Why not just charge the whole thing on your already overburdened credit card?"
D)"You always want things you can't afford.You need to spend your money on necessities,not luxuries."

Question 37

An overly strict or harsh superego will cause

A)increasing levels of primary process thinking.
B)an antisocial personality.
C)inhibition,rigidity,or unbearable guilt.
D)a breakdown of the libido.

Question 38

According to Freud,which of the following sets goals and aspirations that result in feelings of pride when they are met?

A)ego
B)conscience
C)id
D)ego ideal

Question 39

Suppose the id were a hungry person in a crowded cafeteria.The id would most likely

A)do nothing.
B)wait in line.
C)push to the head of the line.
D)feel guilty about being so hungry.

Question 40

Which of the following reflects actions for which a person has been punished in the past and generates feelings of guilt?

A)ego ideal
B)id
C)ego
D)conscience

Question 41

What was Freud's term for life instincts?

A)Thanatos
B)psyche
C)ego
D)Eros

Question 42

Regarding Freud's theory,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The superego acts as a power source for the entire psyche,or personality.
B)The libido underlies our efforts to survive,as well as our sexual desires and pleasure seeking.
C)Freud described a death instinct,although today it is more often thought of as an impulse toward aggression.
D)Freud offered humanity's long history of wars and violence as evidence of urges from the human instinct,he called Thanatos.

Question 43

Moral anxiety results when the ego is overwhelmed by threats of punishment from the

A)id.
B)superego.
C)ideal self.
D)real self.

Question 44

Most id energies are aimed at discharging tensions related to

A)feelings of inferiority.
B)organismic valuing.
C)conditions of worth.
D)sex and aggression.

Question 45

According to Freud,the key to mental health is

A)an overpowering superego.
B)an unrestrained id.
C)dominance of the pleasure principle.
D)balance among mental structures.

Question 46

The energies of which of the following are aimed at discharging tensions related to sex and aggression?

A)id
B)superego
C)ego
D)real self

Question 47

What was Freud's term for the death instinct?

A)Thanatos
B)psyche
C)ego
D)Eros

Question 48

Thanatos is the term that Freud used for the

A)life instincts.
B)death instinct.
C)ego ideal.
D)conscience.

Question 49

According to Freud,when the ego is overwhelmed by threats of punishment from the superego,the person experiences

A)incongruence.
B)neurotic anxiety.
C)moral anxiety.
D)organismic valuing.

Question 50

Regarding the conflicts of the id,ego,and superego,which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Internal struggles and rechanneled energies typify most personality functioning.
B)Impulses from the id cause moral anxiety.
C)Threats of punishment from the superego cause neurotic anxiety.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 51

Eros is the term that Freud used for the

A)life instincts.
B)death instincts.
C)ego ideal.
D)conscience.

Question 52

According to Freud,the psyche

A)is the thinking,rational,"executive" part of one's personality.
B)the judge or censor for one's thoughts and actions.
C)the force,primarily pleasure-oriented,that energizes the personality.
D)the mind,mental life,and personality as a whole.

Question 53

In Freudian theory,the force that energizes the personality and underlies our efforts to survive,our sexual desires,and our pleasure-seeking is known as the

A)psyche.
B)libido.
C)ego.
D)ideal self.

Question 54

According to Freud,the energy that flows from the life instincts and drives the personality is called

A)the ego.
B)the libido.
C)Thanatos.
D)the conscience.

Question 55

According to Freud's view of the dynamics of one's personality,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Freud theorized a delicate balance of power among the three structures of the personality.
B)According to Freud,internal struggles and rechanneled energies typify most personality functioning.
C)Freud saw the superego caught in the middle between the desires of the id and ego.
D)Many people resort to the use of defense mechanisms to lessen the anxieties caused by the conflicts of the personality structures.

Question 56

Neurotic anxiety results when the ego has difficulty keeping the impulses from which of the following under control?

A)id
B)ego ideal
C)conscience
D)real self

Question 57

According to Freud,aggressive and destructive urges are the result of the "instinct" known as

A)Thanatos.
B)the superego.
C)the ego.
D)Eros.

Question 58

According to Freud,one's entire personality is referred to as the

A)ego.
B)superego.
C)psyche.
D)personal archetype.

Question 59

According to Freud,when impulses from the id overwhelm the ego,the person experiences

A)incongruence.
B)neurotic anxiety.
C)moral anxiety.
D)organismic valuing.

Question 60

Freud typified personality as a struggle in which one of the personality structures is caught in the middle of the conflict between the other two structures.This part caught in the middle is the

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)ego ideal

Question 61

Which level of awareness holds repressed memories and emotions,plus the instinctual drives of the id?

A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)unconscious
D)postconscious

Question 62

Which of the following are used as a form of protection against stress,anxiety,and threatening events and were identified by Freud?

A)organismic valuing
B)situational determinants
C)conditions of worth
D)ego-defense mechanisms.

Question 63

According to Freud,the id is completely contained by the mind.

A)unconscious
B)preconscious
C)conscious
D)postconscious

Question 64

To reduce sexual tension,which of the following structures may be forced to sublimate sexual energies into activities,such as sports,music,or dancing?

A)ego
B)id
C)ego ideal
D)conscience

Question 65

The ego and superego reside at which level(s)of consciousness?

A)only the unconscious level
B)only the conscious level
C)only at the preconscious and unconscious levels
D)at the conscious,preconscious,and unconscious levels

Question 66

You are focusing intently on the memories and the happy feelings of the vacation you enjoyed last month.These thoughts,memories,and feelings that you are currently focused on reside in your

A)unconscious.
B)subconscious.
C)conscious.
D)preconscious.

Question 67

Which level of consciousness contains information which you are not currently aware of,but which you can voluntarily bring to awareness?

A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)unconscious
D)postconscious

Question 68

To reduce sexual tension,the sexual energies may be utilized in other activities,such as sports,music,or dancing through a process called

A)fixation.
B)sublimation.
C)actualization.
D)projection.

Question 69

If you are focusing intently on your instructor's lecture,the instructor's words and gestures reside in which level of consciousness?

A)unconscious
B)subconscious
C)conscious
D)preconscious

Question 70

The unconscious contains

A)material that can easily be brought to awareness.
B)everything we are aware of at a given moment.
C)repressed memories and emotions.
D)current thoughts,perceptions,and memories.

Question 71

According to Freud,in order to reduce the anxieties resulting from an imbalance among the three parts of the personality,the ego often employs

A)organismic valuing.
B)primary process thinking.
C)congruence.
D)defense mechanisms.

Question 72

After Hurricane Katrina,Cindy was found walking by the roadside.She could not remember how she got to this place.She was taken to the local hospital where they found that she had no physical trauma to the brain nor any major injuries besides the emotional trauma she had obviously experienced.According to Freud,the details of her experiences in the hurricane have been

A)psychogenically blocked within her preconscious mind.
B)fixated at the subconscious level.
C)physically altered by a rush of endorphins.
D)repressed into her unconscious mind.

Question 73

Which of the following is the level of consciousness that is beyond awareness and consists of impulses and desires not directly known to a person?

A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)unconscious
D)postconscious

Question 74

If you saw your least favorite teacher in the mall and greeted her with "I'm so sad to see you" rather than what you meant to say,which was "I'm so glad to see you," you would be illustrating a

A)psyche error.
B)neurotic lapse.
C)Freudian slip.
D)verbal fixation.

Question 75

Amy had wanted Gabe to ask her to the prom,but he didn't;so she went with Dave.Later at the dance,Amy said to Dave,"You're a great dancer,Gabe,uh Dave." According to psychoanalytic theory,Amy made a

A)psychic error.
B)neurotic lapse.
C)sublimation.
D)Freudian slip.

Question 76

The level of consciousness that includes all mental contents,including thoughts,perceptions,feelings,and memories that a person is currently aware of at any given moment is called the

A)unconscious.
B)conscious.
C)postconscious.
D)preconscious.

Question 77

You are talking to a new classmate.She asks you where you went to high school and if you have any brothers or sisters.According to Freud,this personal information about your life resided in which level of consciousness until you "pulled" it up into current awareness?

A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)unconscious
D)postconscious

Question 78

According to Freud,the use of mental processes to deny,distort,or otherwise block out sources of threat and anxiety are referred to as

A)the pleasure principle.
B)self-efficacy.
C)congruence.
D)defense mechanisms.

Question 79

Regarding the unconscious,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Unconscious thoughts,feelings,or urges may slip into behavior in disguised or symbolic form.
B)The superego operates only at the unconscious level.
C)The unconscious holds the instinctual drives of the id.
D)Modern scientists have found brain circuits that do,in fact,seem to underlie repression and the triggering of unconscious emotions and memories.

Question 80

According to psychoanalytic theory,which of the following functions entirely at the unconscious level of awareness?

A)ego
B)id
C)superego
D)ego ideal