Deck 15: Medications - Diet Drug Interactions - and Herbal Supplements

Question 1

According to the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA), _____.​

A) ​herbal supplements must be approved by the FDA
B) ​manufacturers of herbal supplements must provide evidence of a product's safety
C) ​herbal supplements must be priced less than prescription medications
D) ​manufacturers of herbal supplements may make claims about the prevention or treatment of specific diseases
E) ​the FDA must show that a supplement is unsafe before it can stop the sale of an herbal supplement

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which population group is most prone to drug-drug interactions?​

A) ​infants
B) ​children
C) ​the elderly
D) ​the disabled
E) ​teenagers

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine is one of the many institutes that make up the National Institutes of Health.​

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Physicians who practice integrative medicine may refer patients for complementary therapies while continuing to provide standard treatments.​

Question 5

Dietary supplements _____.​

A) ​can be marketed without studies to document their effectiveness and safety
B) ​are always hazardous
C) ​always contain the quantity of product stated on the label
D) ​are approved by the FDA
E) ​are more effective than prescription drugs

Question 6

Problems with medications can be reported to the FDA via the _____.​

A) ​MedWatch website
B) ​DSHEA website
C) ​NCCAM website
D) ​USDA website
E) ​NIH website

Question 7

Which medical abbreviation or term is prohibited on clinical documentation?​

A) ​q.i.d.
B) ​mcg
C) ​IU
D) ​mg
E) ​0.1 mg

Question 8

Health practitioners do not need to be aware of patients' use of complementary and alternative therapies.​

Question 9

Although many medications can cause nausea, it usually subsides after the first few doses.

Question 10

There are no known interactions between herbal supplements and medications.​

Question 11

Which population is least vulnerable to the adverse effects of drugs?​

A) ​elderly people
B) ​pregnant women
C) ​middle-aged women
D) ​children
E) ​infants

Question 12

Aspirin is an example of a(n) _____.​

A) ​OTC drug
B) ​generic drug
C) ​herbal product
D) ​prescription drug
E) ​anticonvulsant drug

Question 13

Which practice can help to reduce the likelihood of the adverse effects of drugs?​

A) ​Request a complete list of all medications and dietary supplements that a patient is taking.
B) ​Ensure that more than one doctor is overseeing each patient's medication use.
C) ​Encourage patients to use multiple pharmacies so that more than one pharmacist can monitor their prescriptions.
D) ​Tell patients that most side effects are temporary and to wait a few days before calling the doctor.
E) ​Tell patients that herbal supplements do not usually react with prescription medications.

Question 14

CAM is sometimes used as a buzzword marketing ploy by unscrupulous sellers of worthless treatments.​

Question 15

A high-fiber diet and regular exercise may prevent the need for laxatives.​

Question 16

Naturopathic medicine is based on the theory that "like cures like."​

Question 17

The adverse effects of herbs are required to be listed on supplement labels.​

Question 18

OTC drugs _____.​

A) ​require medical supervision
B) ​include herbal supplements
C) ​include antibiotics
D) ​are used to treat self-diagnosed illnesses
E) ​are not regulated by the FDA

Question 19

OTC drugs _____.​

A) ​have no side effects
B) ​often were first prescription drugs
C) ​do not interact with other medications
D) ​are the same as generic drugs
E) ​usually cost more than prescription drugs

Question 20

An example of guided imagery is when a person tries to reverse the disease process by using mental pictures.​

Question 21

The medications most likely to cause nutrient malabsorption are those that _____.​

A) ​lower blood glucose
B) ​control high blood pressure
C) ​damage the intestinal mucosa
D) ​slow gastric emptying
E) ​slow saliva production

Question 22

Which type of drug may cause unintentional weight gain?

A) ​antipsychotics
B) ​antiretrovirals
C) ​antinauseants
D) ​antibiotics
E) ​antihistamines

Question 23

Feverfew is often taken to treat _____.​

A) ​liver disease
B) ​migraine headaches
C) ​sexual dysfunction
D) ​hypertension
E) ​insomnia

Question 24

Consistency in herbal supplements is not guaranteed because _____.​

A) ​no manufacturers have attempted to standardize them
B) ​they are natural substances, so there can be no consistency
C) ​different growing conditions can affect the plants' chemical composition
D) ​the active ingredient in an herb must be isolated to be effective
E) ​the active ingredient is usually not identified

Question 25

Which statement does not represent a concern about the use of herbal supplements?​

A) ​contamination with toxic metals
B) ​adulteration with synthetic drugs
C) ​lack of consistency in ingredients
D) ​cost compared to benefit
E) ​lack of consistency of manufacturing

Question 26

Medications that reduce stomach acid may impair the absorption of _____.​

A) ​vitamin C
B) ​vitamin B₁₂
C) ​​glucose
D) ​proteins
E) ​fats

Question 27

Which substance can alter sodium and potassium concentrations?

A) ​ephedra
B) ​diuretics
C) ​folate
D) ​ginseng
E) ​sedatives

Question 28

Why is it recommended that tetracycline be taken on an empty stomach at least two hours before or after consuming dairy products?​

A) ​Stomach acidity affects calcium absorption.
B) ​Too much tetracycline will be absorbed and blood levels will be too high.
C) ​The combination of tetracycline and calcium will cause tooth enamel to discolor.
D) ​Too much calcium will be absorbed and blood levels will be too high.
E) ​Tetracycline and calcium will bind to each other, reducing the absorption of both.

Question 29

Meals high in _____ can inhibit the absorption of tricyclic antidepressants due to binding between the dietary component and the drug.​

A) ​acidic foods
B) ​fiber
C) ​protein
D) ​garlic
E) ​fat

Question 30

Anticonvulsant drugs may increase levels of enzymes that metabolize _____.​

A) ​vitamins
B) ​fats
C) ​proteins
D) ​minerals
E) ​sugars

Question 31

Which herb can raise the likelihood of bleeding when used in conjunction with anticoagulant drugs?​

A) ​ginseng
B) ​ephedra
C) ​kava
D) ​valerian
E) ​ginger

Question 32

Which herb can intensify the action of warfarin (Coumadin)?​

A) ​kava
B) ​saw palmetto
C) ​garlic
D) ​echinacea
E) ​black cohosh

Question 33

Which herb is often used for the prevention and treatment of nausea and motion sickness?​

A) ​ginseng
B) ​ginger
C) ​kava
D) ​valerian
E) ​garlic

Question 34

Methotrexate interferes with the metabolism of _____.

A) ​folate
B) ​iron
C) ​vitamin B₁₂
D) ​calcium
E) ​vitamin D

Question 35

Megestrol acetate is a(n) _____.

A) ​appetite enhancer
B) ​weight-loss drug
C) ​antidepressant
D) ​pain reliever
E) ​sedative

Question 36

Unintentional weight gain can result from the use of _____.​

A) ​antidepressant medications
B) ​antihypertensive medications
C) ​sedatives
D) ​anti nausea medications
E) ​anticonvulsant medications

Question 37

The most common adverse effects of herbs include _____.​

A) ​breathing difficulties
B) ​renal failure, seizures, and heart palpitations
C) ​nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
D) ​heart attack or stroke
E) ​cancer

Question 38

Which herb has been found to inhibit the action of oral contraceptives?​

A) ​St. John's wort
B) ​garlic
C) ​ginseng
D) ​kava
E) ​ginger

Question 39

Which herb has been linked to liver damage?​

A) ​ginseng
B) ​gingko
C) ​kava
D) ​garlic
E) ​ephedra

Question 40

Which food has been shown to raise blood levels of a variety of medications?​

A) ​bananas
B) ​grapefruit juice
C) ​tomato juice
D) ​oranges
E) ​apples

Question 41

Individuals using warfarin are advised to _____.

A) ​avoid all foods containing vitamin K
B) ​take a vitamin K supplement
C) ​consume consistent amounts of vitamin K daily
D) ​avoid green, leafy vegetables
E) ​avoid acidic foods

Question 42

What advice should be given to Mr. Salazar regarding his use of herbal products?

A) ​He should stop taking them completely.
B) ​He should look up the side effects of each herbal product he takes so he can be aware of them.
C) ​He should never take more than one herbal product at a time.
D) ​Herbal products should never be taken at the same time he takes his prescription medications.
E) ​Each time he visits his physician, he should bring a list of all prescription medications and herbal products he regularly takes.

Question 43

The drug warfarin is structurally similar to _____.​

A) ​vitamin C
B) ​vitamin K
C) ​vitamin D
D) ​vitamin E
E) ​vitamin B₁₂

Question 44

One of the problems with determining the effectiveness of an herbal remedy is _____.​

A) ​the lack of a consistent supply of herbs
B) ​the fact that different samples of an herb can have different chemical compositions
C) ​inconsistent labeling of supplements
D) ​differing opinions about the best method for testing herbs
E) ​inability of testing agencies to collect appropriate samples

Question 45

People taking MAO inhibitors should avoid foods containing _____.​

A) ​tyramine
B) ​phenylalanine
C) ​tryptophan
D) ​starch
E) ​high amounts of fat

Question 46

In order to avoid a food-medication interaction with his MAO inhibitor, Mr. Salazar will need to avoid drinking _____.

A) ​beer
B) ​cola beverages
C) ​tea
D) ​grapefruit juice
E) ​caffeine

Question 47

With the medications Mr. Salazar is taking, he should be advised to stop taking _____, because of the potential of this herb to suppress the effects of some drugs.​

A) ​yohimbe
B) ​kava
C) ​St. John's wort
D) ​valerian
E) ​ginseng

Question 48

People taking lithium are advised to maintain a consistent intake of _____ from day to day in order to maintain stable lithium blood levels.​

A) ​calcium
B) ​zinc
C) ​sodium
D) ​alcohol
E) ​potassium

Question 49

The anticonvulsants phenobarbital and phenytoin increase levels of the liver enzymes that metabolize ____.

A) ​folate
B) ​vitamin B₆
C) ​vitamin B₁₂
D) ​iron
E) ​vitamin D

Question 50

Which side effects might be expected from long-term use of corticosteroids?​

A) ​weight gain, muscle wasting, bone loss, hyperglycemia
B) ​weight loss, hypertension, bone loss, hypoglycemia
C) ​weight gain, high cholesterol, bone loss, hypoglycemia
D) ​weight loss, muscle wasting, kidney failure, hyperglycemia
E) ​weight loss, kidney failure, excessive bone growth

Question 51

Which form of alternative medicine proposes that a person's "life force" can foster self-healing?​

A) ​homeopathic medicine
B) ​naturopathic medicine
C) ​bioelectrical medicine
D) ​chiropractic medicine
E) ​acupuncture medicine

Question 52

Because Mr. Salazar is taking lovastatin, he should be counseled to avoid _____.

A) ​apple juice
B) ​grapefruit juice
C) ​green leafy vegetables
D) ​milk
E) ​orange juice

Question 53

Which herbal product taken by Mr. Salazar may be causing his heart arrhythmia?​

A) ​yohimbe
B) ​kava kava only
C) ​St. John's wort
D) ​valerian only
E) ​both valerian and kava kava

Question 54

People taking MAO inhibitors should restrict their intake of _____.

A) ​tomato sauce
B) ​cheddar cheese
C) ​cottage cheese
D) ​white wine
E) ​red wine

Question 55

Grapefruit juice can increase the physiological effects of some drugs by _____.

A) ​affecting kidney excretion
B) ​decreasing blood concentration of some drugs
C) ​inactivating certain drugs
D) ​altering the action of certain drugs
E) ​inactivating enzymes that metabolize drugs

Question 56

Which food should not be eaten in a tyramine-controlled diet?

A) ​tomatoes
B) ​liver
C) ​cucumbers
D) ​pork sausage
E) ​beef

Question 57

Despite the popularity of _____, its benefits for treating the common cold have not be supported by some clinical studies.​

A) ​ginseng
B) ​St. John's wort
C) ​echinacea
D) ​garlic
E) ​ephedra

Question 58

The one characteristic that all alternative therapies have in common is _____.​

A) ​their effectiveness
B) ​research into their safety
C) ​a lack of evidence about their effectiveness
D) ​the absence of any interactions with mainstream medical care
E) ​consistent prescription drug interactions

Question 59

Before leaving the hospital, Mr. Salazar will need nutrition education on _____.

A) ​how to use a blender
B) ​food-medication interactions
C) ​food safety
D) ​​weight loss
E) ​kidney function testing

Question 60

Supplements of _____ are usually given to patients receiving the antituberculosis drug isoniazid.

A) ​iron
B) ​vitamin B₆
C) ​vitamin B₁₂
D) ​folate
E) ​calcium

Question 61

Which drug is used to treat tuberculosis?​

A) ​methotrexate
B) ​ephedra
C) ​lanoxin
D) ​leucovorin
E) ​isoniazid

Question 62

Matching
a. used to treat erectile dysfunction
b. used to treat enlarged prostate
c. relieves menopausal symptoms
d. relieves insomnia with little side-effects
e. used to treat cancer and arthritis; may cause hepatitis and liver failure
f. used for wound healing; can cause liver damage
g. used to improve memory
h. treatment of anxiety, stress, insomnia
i. treatment of digestive system disorders; has possible interactions with diuretics, causing excessive potassium loss
j. used to reduce blood pressure and blood cholesterol; side effects include breath and body odor
Ginkgo

Question 63

Matching
a. used to treat erectile dysfunction
b. used to treat enlarged prostate
c. relieves menopausal symptoms
d. relieves insomnia with little side-effects
e. used to treat cancer and arthritis; may cause hepatitis and liver failure
f. used for wound healing; can cause liver damage
g. used to improve memory
h. treatment of anxiety, stress, insomnia
i. treatment of digestive system disorders; has possible interactions with diuretics, causing excessive potassium loss
j. used to reduce blood pressure and blood cholesterol; side effects include breath and body odor
Licorice

Question 64

Reduced stomach acidity may affect the absorption of which drug?

A) ​methotrexate
B) ​ephedra
C) ​lanoxin
D) ​leucovorin
E) ​isoniazid

Question 65

Matching
a. used to treat erectile dysfunction
b. used to treat enlarged prostate
c. relieves menopausal symptoms
d. relieves insomnia with little side-effects
e. used to treat cancer and arthritis; may cause hepatitis and liver failure
f. used for wound healing; can cause liver damage
g. used to improve memory
h. treatment of anxiety, stress, insomnia
i. treatment of digestive system disorders; has possible interactions with diuretics, causing excessive potassium loss
j. used to reduce blood pressure and blood cholesterol; side effects include breath and body odor
Comfrey

Question 66

Matching
a. used to treat erectile dysfunction
b. used to treat enlarged prostate
c. relieves menopausal symptoms
d. relieves insomnia with little side-effects
e. used to treat cancer and arthritis; may cause hepatitis and liver failure
f. used for wound healing; can cause liver damage
g. used to improve memory
h. treatment of anxiety, stress, insomnia
i. treatment of digestive system disorders; has possible interactions with diuretics, causing excessive potassium loss
j. used to reduce blood pressure and blood cholesterol; side effects include breath and body odor
Saw palmetto

Question 67

Which CAM is biologically based?​

A) ​ayurveda
B) ​meditation
C) ​prayer
D) ​aromatherapy
E) ​refexology

Question 68

Matching
a. used to treat erectile dysfunction
b. used to treat enlarged prostate
c. relieves menopausal symptoms
d. relieves insomnia with little side-effects
e. used to treat cancer and arthritis; may cause hepatitis and liver failure
f. used for wound healing; can cause liver damage
g. used to improve memory
h. treatment of anxiety, stress, insomnia
i. treatment of digestive system disorders; has possible interactions with diuretics, causing excessive potassium loss
j. used to reduce blood pressure and blood cholesterol; side effects include breath and body odor
Valerian

Question 69

The nurse recognizes that a patient placed on the anticoagulant drug warfarin will need _____.​

A) ​supplements of vitamin K
B) ​a high-kcalorie diet
C) ​education regarding diet-drug interactions
D) ​education regarding increasing iron intake
E) ​education regarding monitoring fluid input and output

Question 70

Matching
a. used to treat erectile dysfunction
b. used to treat enlarged prostate
c. relieves menopausal symptoms
d. relieves insomnia with little side-effects
e. used to treat cancer and arthritis; may cause hepatitis and liver failure
f. used for wound healing; can cause liver damage
g. used to improve memory
h. treatment of anxiety, stress, insomnia
i. treatment of digestive system disorders; has possible interactions with diuretics, causing excessive potassium loss
j. used to reduce blood pressure and blood cholesterol; side effects include breath and body odor
Black cohosh

Question 71

Which alternative therapy involves the alleged curative power of "energy"?​

A) ​qi gong
B) ​massage therapy
C) ​biofeedback training
D) ​faith healing
E) ​chiropractic medicine

Question 72

Matching
a. used to treat erectile dysfunction
b. used to treat enlarged prostate
c. relieves menopausal symptoms
d. relieves insomnia with little side-effects
e. used to treat cancer and arthritis; may cause hepatitis and liver failure
f. used for wound healing; can cause liver damage
g. used to improve memory
h. treatment of anxiety, stress, insomnia
i. treatment of digestive system disorders; has possible interactions with diuretics, causing excessive potassium loss
j. used to reduce blood pressure and blood cholesterol; side effects include breath and body odor
Kava

Question 73

Which drug prevents cancer cells from obtaining folate?​

A) ​methotrexate
B) ​ephedra
C) ​coenzyme Q
D) ​leucovorin
E) ​isoniazid

Question 74

Which alternative therapy is a form of traditional Chinese medicine?​

A) ​bioelectromagnetic therapy
B) ​acupuncture
C) ​chiropractic
D) ​therapeutic touch
E) ​homeopathic medicine

Question 75

Drugs that reduce cholesterol levels might also interfere with _____.​

A) ​urinary function
B) ​stomach pH
C) ​fat soluble vitamin absorption
D) ​red blood cell formation
E) ​hemoglobin concentration

Question 76

Matching
a. used to treat erectile dysfunction
b. used to treat enlarged prostate
c. relieves menopausal symptoms
d. relieves insomnia with little side-effects
e. used to treat cancer and arthritis; may cause hepatitis and liver failure
f. used for wound healing; can cause liver damage
g. used to improve memory
h. treatment of anxiety, stress, insomnia
i. treatment of digestive system disorders; has possible interactions with diuretics, causing excessive potassium loss
j. used to reduce blood pressure and blood cholesterol; side effects include breath and body odor
Yohimbe

Question 77

A patient is taking an MAO inhibitor and is on a tyramine-controlled diet. Which food should be avoided?​

A) ​American cheese
B) ​peanuts
C) ​soy sauce
D) ​spinach
E) ​beef

Question 78

Matching
a. used to treat erectile dysfunction
b. used to treat enlarged prostate
c. relieves menopausal symptoms
d. relieves insomnia with little side-effects
e. used to treat cancer and arthritis; may cause hepatitis and liver failure
f. used for wound healing; can cause liver damage
g. used to improve memory
h. treatment of anxiety, stress, insomnia
i. treatment of digestive system disorders; has possible interactions with diuretics, causing excessive potassium loss
j. used to reduce blood pressure and blood cholesterol; side effects include breath and body odor
Chaparral

Question 79

Matching
a. used to treat erectile dysfunction
b. used to treat enlarged prostate
c. relieves menopausal symptoms
d. relieves insomnia with little side-effects
e. used to treat cancer and arthritis; may cause hepatitis and liver failure
f. used for wound healing; can cause liver damage
g. used to improve memory
h. treatment of anxiety, stress, insomnia
i. treatment of digestive system disorders; has possible interactions with diuretics, causing excessive potassium loss
j. used to reduce blood pressure and blood cholesterol; side effects include breath and body odor
Garlic

Question 80

A complementary and alternative medicine that is classified as a biologically based therapy is _____.​

A) ​dietary supplements
B) ​chiropractic medicine
C) ​massage therapy
D) ​reflexology
E) ​acupuncture