Deck 68: Therapies: Medical Therapies

Question 1

The atmosphere in psychiatric wards and mental hospitals changed radically in the mid-1950s with the widespread adoption of which of the following to treat psychopathology?

A)ECT
B)psychosurgery
C)transcranial magnetic stimulation
D)pharmacotherapy

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Any bodily therapy,such as drug therapy,ECT,or psychosurgery,is referred to as

A)somatic therapy.
B)neurobiological therapy.
C)psychotherapy.
D)biopsychotherapy.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The three major types of drugs are

A)antipsychotics,antidepressants,anxiolytics.
B)anxiolytics,antianxiety,and psychotropics.
C)detoxifying,antidepressants,antipsychotics.
D)minor tranquilizers,major tranquilizers,and anti-anxiety.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Somatic therapy includes pharmacotherapy,psychosurgery,and

A)eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.
B)REBT.
C)aversion therapy.
D)brain stimulation therapy.

Question 5

Anxiolytics are also referred to as

A)major tranquilizers.
B)minor tranquilizers.
C)antidepressants.
D)antipsychotics.

Question 6

Pharmacotherapy can best be described as the use of

A)drugs to change a client's personality.
B)drugs to alleviate the symptoms of psychopathology.
C)electroconvulsive treatment and psychosurgeries.
D)medicine and other techniques to treat bodily symptoms.

Question 7

If a person has suffered a complete psychotic break from reality or if the primary problem is due to a biochemical imbalance in the brain,then the person would most likely be treated using

A)REBT.
B)somatic therapy.
C)brief psychodynamic therapy.
D)systematic desensitization or aversion therapy.

Question 8

Valium is used to produce relaxation or reduce anxiety and would be classified as a(n)

A)antipsychotic.
B)major tranquilizer.
C)antidepressant.
D)anxiolytic.

Question 9

Which of the following is often used to treat major mental disorders,such as schizophrenia,and is typically administered by psychiatrists?

A)psychotherapy
B)somatic therapy
C)neurobiological therapy
D)biopsychotherapy

Question 10

A person is most likely to be treated using somatic therapy rather than psychotherapy if he or she has

A)severe phobias or conversion disorder.
B)a dissociative fugue or dissociative identity disorders.
C)somatic symptom or factitious disorders.
D)had a psychotic break or if the problem is due to a biochemical imbalance in the brain.

Question 11

Regarding the treatment of major mental disorders,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Major mental disorders are more often treated medically,although combinations of medication and psychotherapy can also be helpful.
B)Although psychotherapy may be applied to any disorder,most psychotherapies are utilized with the milder disorders and not with major depressive disorders,schizophrenia,or other severe conditions.
C)Somatic therapy includes REBT,EMDR,and aversive therapies.
D)Somatic therapy is often done in the context of psychiatric hospitalization and is typically administered by psychiatrists.

Question 12

Pharmacotherapy,brain stimulation therapy,and psychosurgery are the three main types of

A)psychotherapy.
B)phototherapy.
C)somatic therapy.
D)physiotherapy.

Question 13

Which of the following would NOT be classified as an anxiolytic?

A)Valium
B)Risperdal
C)Xanax
D)Ativan

Question 14

Which of the following therapies would NOT be considered a somatic therapy?

A)pharmacotherapy
B)brain stimulation therapy
C)psychosurgery
D)psychotherapy

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major types of drugs used in pharmacotherapy?

A)anxiolytics
B)antidepressants
C)major tranquilizers
D)narcoleptics

Question 16

Which of the following is most often done in the context of psychiatric hospitalization?

A)psychotherapy
B)somatic therapy
C)aversion therapy
D)client-centered therapy.

Question 17

Anxiolytics have which effect?

A)produce relaxation
B)elevate mood
C)reduce hallucinations
D)eliminate delusions

Question 18

Regarding pharmacotherapy,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Pharmacotherapy involves the use of drugs to treat psychopathology.
B)Pharmacotherapy involves medical treatments,such as ECT or EMDR.
C)Pharmacotherapy is considered a type of somatic therapy.
D)Pharmacotherapy is most beneficial when used in combination with some form of psychotherapy.

Question 19

The use of drugs to treat psychopathology is called

A)ECT.
B)psychotherapy.
C)pharmacotherapy.
D)lithiotherapy.

Question 20

While psychotherapy can be used to treat many mental disorders,medical therapy,rather than psychotherapy,would be the treatment of choice for

A)dissociative disorders,such as multiple personalities.
B)generalized anxiety disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder.
C)major depressive disorder or schizophrenia.
D)somatic symptom and conversion disorders.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT one of the major advantages of antipsychotic drugs?

A)Antipsychotic drugs have tranquilizing effects and reduce hallucinations and delusions.
B)Antipsychotic drugs are the primary mode of treatment for schizophrenia.
C)Antipsychotic drugs typically cause only minor side effects.
D)Antipsychotic drugs have shortened hospital stays.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT an example of an antidepressant?

A)Haldol
B)Zoloft
C)Prozac
D)Elavil

Question 23

Anxiolytics are generally used to

A)improve the mood of depressed patients.
B)calm agitated patients.
C)prevent hallucinations.
D)mimic the effects of psychosis for research purposes.

Question 24

Tofranil is a mood-elevating drug that would be classified as a(n)

A)minor tranquilizer.
B)major tranquilizer.
C)antidepressant.
D)anxiolytic

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT an example of a major tranquilizer?

A)Haldol
B)Clozaril
C)Thorazine
D)Elavil

Question 26

One of the drawbacks of using pharmacotherapy with psychotic disorders is that it

A)has not been shown to significantly reduce hallucinations and delusions.
B)may cause adverse neurological side effects,such as rhythmic facial and mouth movements.
C)results in longer,more expensive hospital stays.
D)does not work as well as long-term psychotherapy for psychotic disorders.

Question 27

Although major tranquilizers have relieved the symptoms of schizophrenia in some previously "hopeless" cases,15 percent of patients taking major tranquilizers for long periods develop

A)Alzheimer's Disease.
B)vision problems and possible blindness.
C)a non-remitting relapse within ten years.
D)a neurological disorder that causes rhythmic facial and mouth movements.

Question 28

The main mode of action of antipsychotic drugs is to

A)enhance the effects of serotonin or dopamine.
B)reduce the effects of GABA.
C)enhance the effects of GABA.
D)reduce the effects of dopamine.

Question 29

Which of the following types of drugs are used to reduce hallucinations and delusions?

A)antidepressants
B)anxiolytics
C)major tranquilizers
D)energizers

Question 30

Harold has schizophrenia and his doctor has recommended that he change to a new drug that can reduce his hallucinations and delusions without the lethal risk or side effects of other similar drugs.Harold's doctor will most likely be prescribing

A)Lithium Carbonate.
B)Risperdal.
C)Clozaril.
D)Prozac.

Question 31

Major tranquilizers are also referred to as drugs.

A)anxiolytic
B)antidepressant
C)antipsychotic
D)narcoleptic

Question 32

Although Clozaril can relieve the symptoms of schizophrenia,two out of 100 patients taking Clozaril will suffer from

A)Alzheimer's Disease.
B)paralysis of the lower extremities.
C)a potentially fatal blood disease.
D)a non-remitting relapse within two years.

Question 33

The main mode of action of the anxiolytics is to

A)enhance the effects of serotonin or dopamine.
B)reduce the effects of GABA.
C)enhance the effects of GABA.
D)reduce the effects of dopamine.

Question 34

Risperdal is used to reduce agitation in patients as well as reducing delusions,hallucinations,and thought disorders.This drug would be classified as a(n)

A)antipsychotic.
B)anxiolytic.
C)antidepressant.
D)minor tranquilizer.

Question 35

Regarding the use of drugs to treat psychopathology,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The three major types of drugs all achieve their effects by influencing the activity of different brain neurotransmitters.
B)Mental hospital stays have become longer in order to regulate the patient's medication.
C)Drugs have made it possible for many people to return to the community and be treated on an outpatient basis.
D)For serious mental disorders,a combination of medication and psychotherapy almost always works better than drugs alone.

Question 36

Regarding the drugs Clozaril and Risperdal,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Both Clozaril and Risperdal have been successful in treating schizophrenia.
B)Risperdal can cause a potentially fatal blood disease that Clozaril does not cause.
C)Both Clozaril and Risperdal are considered major tranquilizers.
D)Persons who have taken Clozaril and Risperdal long-term have developed a neurological disorder that causes rhythmic facial and mouth movements.

Question 37

All of the following are listed in your text as possible side effects of antipsychotic drugs EXCEPT

A)vision problems.
B)neurological disorders.
C)rhythmic facial and mouth movements.
D)blood disorders.

Question 38

The main mode of action of the antidepressants is to

A)enhance the effects of serotonin or dopamine.
B)reduce the effects of GABA.
C)enhance the effects of GABA.
D)reduce the effects of dopamine.

Question 39

Regarding major tranquilizers,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Fifteen percent of patients taking major tranquilizers for long periods develop a neurological disorder that causes rhythmic facial and mouth movements.
B)Two out of 100 patients taking clozapine (Clozaril)suffer from a potentially fatal blood disease.
C)The drugs risperidone (Risperdal)and olanzapine (Zyprexa)appear to be as effective as clozapine,without the same degree of lethal risk.
D)The use of major tranquilizers has increased the hospital stays of persons suffering from schizophrenia because of the need to regulate the patient's medications.

Question 40

The main effect of antidepressants is

A)relaxation and the reduction of anxiety.
B)a tranquilizing effect.
C)a reduction in delusions.
D)mood elevation.

Question 41

The procedure that has been shown to be effective in treating both depression and obsessive-compulsive disorders,when drug therapy has been ineffective,is

A)ECT.
B)EMDR.
C)DBS.
D)systematic desensitization.

Question 42

Regarding ECT,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)To lower the chance of a relapse,ECT should be followed by the use of antidepressant drugs.
B)ECT can rapidly end self-destructive or suicidal behavior.
C)Most ECT patients feel that the treatment helped,and they would be willing to do it again.
D)ECT is considered to be a type of aversion or exposure therapy.

Question 43

Regarding deep brain stimulation (DBS),which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The implanted electrodes in deep brain stimulation (DBS)will require the patient to have surgery.
B)In deep brain stimulation (DBS),specific brain regions are targeted and stimulated.
C)Deep brain stimulation (DBS)can be used to treat disorders other than depression,such as obsessive- compulsive disorder.
D)Deep brain stimulation (DBS)is currently the preferred method for treating major mood disorders rather than using drugs.

Question 44

According to various psychological experts,electroconvulsive therapy helps patients by

A)inducing seizure activity.
B)altering the biochemical and hormonal balance in the brain and body.
C)confusing them so they cannot remember why they were depressed.
D)doing all of these.

Question 45

Which of the following achieve their effects by altering the electrical activity of the brain?

A)MRIs
B)brain stimulation therapy
C)EMDR
D)vicarious desensitization.

Question 46

Regarding electroconvulsive therapy (ECT),which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)ECT causes shock-induced seizures that alter the biochemical balances in the brain and body.
B)ECT is a treatment that involves passing a 250-volt electrical current through the brain for three minutes.
C)ECT treatments are given in a series of sessions spread over several weeks or months.
D)Although ECT is mainly used to treat depression,it is still used to treat other disorders.

Question 47

In which of the following are seizures induced to treat severe depression?

A)Gestalt therapy
B)antidepressants
C)ECT
D)cybertherapy

Question 48

Electroconvulsive therapy has been mainly used to treat

A)severe depression.
B)schizophrenia.
C)dissociative disorders.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 49

Brain stimulation therapy involves

A)ECT and TMS.
B)logotherapy and EMDR.
C)REBT and EMDR.
D)logotherapy and cybertherapy.

Question 50

The most appropriate use of electroconvulsive therapy is as a

A)preferred treatment for trauma- and stressor-related disorders,particularly PTSD.
B)preferred treatment for neurocognitive disorders in which brain pathology exists.
C)last resort treatment for schizophrenia that has not responded to drug treatment.
D)last resort means of treatment for selected cases of depression that involves self-destructive or suicidal behavior.

Question 51

ECT and DBS are two types of

A)pharmacotherapy.
B)logotherapy.
C)brain stimulation therapy.
D)cybertherapy.

Question 52

The use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)for the treatment of depression

A)produces permanent improvement without the need for additional drug therapy.
B)usually requires only one treatment session.
C)can cause memory losses in some patients.
D)is characterized by all of these statements.

Question 53

The risk-benefit ratio in treating schizophrenia refers to

A)the advantages and disadvantages of hospitalization.
B)the benefits of medication in alleviating psychotic symptoms versus the adverse effects.
C)the advantages and disadvantages of out-patient treatment versus hospitalization.
D)the benefits of treating with medication versus psychotherapy.

Question 54

Which of the following is a last resort treatment for selected cases of depression and has been shown to rapidly end wildly self-destructive or suicidal behavior,but can cause memory losses in some patients?

A)EMDR
B)ECT
C)REBT
D)DSM

Question 55

Marcus has schizophrenia and his doctor has recommended that he change to a new drug that can reduce his hallucinations and delusions without the lethal risk or side effects of other similar drugs.His doctor will most likely be prescribing

A)Norpramin.
B)Anafranil.
C)Zyprexa.
D)Nardil.

Question 56

Regarding electroconvulsive therapy (ECT),which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)In ECT,a 150-volt electrical current is passed through the brain for a half second,triggering a convulsion and causing the patient to lose consciousness for a short time.
B)Most of the ECT patients feel that the treatment did not help and would not be willing to undergo this treatment again.
C)ECT treatments are given in a series of sessions spread over several weeks or months.
D)In ECT,the patient is given muscle relaxants and/or sedative drugs to lessen the impact of the seizure.

Question 57

When it comes to treating chronic schizophrenia,

A)Risperdal is significantly less effective than Clozaril.
B)both Clozaril and Risperdal can cause a potentially fatal blood disease.
C)Risperdal seems to have a more favorable risk-benefit ratio.
D)Clozaril has milder side effects than Risperdal.

Question 58

Regarding the risk-benefit ratio of Clozaril,what can be concluded?

A)Clozaril has not been shown to be very effective in alleviating the symptoms of schizophrenia.
B)Unlike other antipsychotic drugs,Clozaril has not been shown to have any dangerous side-effects.
C)Many experts consider the risk of using Clozaril worth it,because schizophrenia robs people of a worthwhile life.
D)For most patients,the risks of using Clozaril,outweigh any benefits of the drug.

Question 59

Which of the following requires surgery but allows for electrical stimulation of targeted brain regions?

A)deep brain stimulation (DBS)
B)electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
C)eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
D)virtual reality exposure

Question 60

Proponents of which therapy state that it works by altering or "resetting" the biochemical and hormonal balance in the brain and body,while its critics believe that it only confuses the patients so they can't remember why they were depressed?

A)logotherapy
B)ECT
C)EMDR
D)REBT

Question 61

Severely depressed patients have been helped by all of the following techniques EXCEPT for

A)EMDR.
B)using implanted electrodes to stimulate pleasure centers in the brain.
C)pharmacotherapy.
D)ECT.

Question 62

The procedure known as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)has been used to study brain function and to successfully treat

A)the delusions that accompany schizophrenia and delusional disorders.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder and compulsive gambling.
C)bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder.
D)dissociative disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Question 63

Lobotomies and deep lesioning are examples of

A)ECT.
B)psychosurgeries.
C)REBT.
D)pharmacotherapy.

Question 64

In some studies,depressed patients who had not benefited from drug therapy and ECT improved when a specific brain region was stimulated using

A)EMDR.
B)logotherapy.
C)DBS.
D)systematic desensitization.

Question 65

Today,the prefrontal lobotomy has been replaced by

A)electroconvulsive shock.
B)deep lesioning.
C)PET scans.
D)radiation therapy.

Question 66

Regarding the prefrontal lobotomy,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Prefrontal lobotomies produced calming effects or no change in some patients.
B)Prefrontal lobotomies turned some patients into mental "vegetables."
C)Prefrontal lobotomies are reversible procedures.
D)Prefrontal lobotomies involved surgically disconnecting the frontal lobes from other brain areas.

Question 67

Any surgical alteration of the brain designed to bring about desirable behavioral or emotional changes is referred to as

A)somatic surgery.
B)psychosurgery.
C)deep ECT.
D)psychic surgery.

Question 68

Regarding psychosurgery,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Psychosurgery is a form of somatic therapy for psychological disorders.
B)Psychosurgery is defined as any surgical alteration of the brain designed to bring about desirable behavioral changes.
C)Psychosurgery is the preferred method of treatment for people suffering from severe depression or schizophrenia.
D)Psychosurgery includes the procedure known as the "lobotomy."

Question 69

The oldest and most radical psychosurgery is

A)ECT.
B)the lobotomy.
C)REBT.
D)deep lesioning.

Question 70

Which somatic therapy uses a small coil held near the surface of the scalp to create magnetic pulses that induce electrical activity in the underlying brain tissue with the result being a temporary blockage of brain activity in specific parts of the brain?

A)electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
B)deep brain stimulation (DBS)
C)transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
D)eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)

Question 71

Larry has severe obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)that has so far not responded to medication or conventional psychotherapy.His psychiatrist suggests a new treatment that is noninvasive/nonsurgical and has shown success in disrupting the brain areas involved in the compulsive behavior of OCD.This treatment is known as

A)transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
B)eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).
C)deep brain stimulation (DBS).
D)electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

Question 72

Regarding the lobotomy and deep lesioning,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Deep lesioning involves destroying small target areas within the brain's interior.
B)When the first antipsychotic drugs became available,the use of the lobotomy was abandoned.
C)Like the lobotomy,deep lesioning is reversible.
D)Patients suffering from a severe type of obsessive-compulsive disorder may be helped by deep lesioning.

Question 73

Which of the following is a new medical technique that uses magnetic pulses to temporarily block activity in specific parts of the brain?

A)TMS
B)ECT
C)EMDR
D)REBT

Question 74

Deep lesioning is rarely used for treatment of mental illness because

A)regrowth of brain cells slowly reverses the effects of the procedures.
B)electroconvulsive therapy has replaced it.
C)it is irreversible.
D)it has been shown to have little or no effect on personality.

Question 75

A therapeutic technique for psychological disorders that was supposed to calm persons who did not respond to any other treatment,but often produced a high rate of undesirable side effects,such as seizures,blunted emotions,major personality changes,and stupor was

A)the prefrontal lobotomy.
B)REBT.
C)EMDR.
D)deep lesioning.

Question 76

Paulo Boggio and his colleagues were able to change the way people made decisions while gambling and reduce compulsive gambling by applying transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)to parts of the person's

A)hippocampus.
B)hypothalamus.
C)frontal lobe.
D)parietal lobe.

Question 77

Regarding transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS),which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)TMS uses magnetic pulses to temporarily block activity in specific parts of the brain.
B)Unlike deep brain stimulation,TMS is noninvasive and nonsurgical.
C)During treatment for compulsive gambling,TMS stimulation is applied to the brain stem areas to target the reticular formation.
D)Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder have shown marked improvement when TMS disrupted brain areas involved in compulsive behavior.

Question 78

Regarding prefrontal lobotomies,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Lobotomies are used today to treat major depressions when drugs do not work.
B)Lobotomies work as well as antipsychotic drugs with fewer side effects.
C)Lobotomies have been shown to be successful in treating schizophrenia and dissociative disorders.
D)None of these statements are true.

Question 79

A type of psychosurgery that involves destroying small target areas in the brain's interior is called

A)ECT.
B)deep lesioning.
C)a lobotomy.
D)REBT.

Question 80

The frontal lobes of the brain are surgically disconnected from other brain areas in a procedure known as the

A)prefrontal lobotomy.
B)"split­brain" operation.
C)hemispherectomy.
D)deep lesioning procedure.