Deck 18: Fiber-Modified Diets for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Question 1

A high-fiber diet increases stool weight and fecal water content.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which food is most likely to increase intestinal gas?

A) ​cabbage
B) ​tomatoes
C) ​green beans
D) ​walnuts
E) ​white bread

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Use of stimulant laxatives can lead to _____.

A) ​fluid and electrolyte imbalances
B) ​anemia
C) ​increased appetite
D) ​hyperglycemia
E) ​edema

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Constipation is diagnosed when a person does not have daily bowel movements.

Question 5

Constipation may be caused by all of these factors except _____.​

A) ​a low-fiber diet
B) ​physical inactivity
C) ​medications
D) ​a viral infection
E) ​inadequate fluid intake

Question 6

Foods useful in increasing dietary fiber include _____.

A) ​bran, milk, and mashed potatoes
B) ​peanut butter, oranges, and strawberry jam
C) ​saltine crackers, watermelon, and eggs
D) ​whole-wheat bread, black beans, and popcorn
E) ​white bread, eggs and yogurt

Question 7

Diverticulitis is an inflammatory bowel disease that occurs in the small intestine and affects the entire intestinal wall.

Question 8

Dietary suggestions for treating constipation are aimed at _____.

A) ​decreasing dietary fiber and fluids
B) ​increasing dietary fiber and fluids
C) ​increasing dietary protein
D) ​increasing carbohydrate intake
E) ​increasing fat and protein intake

Question 9

Constipation is associated with a lack of physical activity.​

Question 10

Charlie is trying to change his eating behaviors and start following a high-fiber diet. The best advice you can give him is to _____.

A) ​purchase a bulk-forming agent
B) ​gradually add high-fiber foods to his diet
C) ​avoid milk products that contain residue
D) ​limit his fluid intake
E) ​eat one or two large meals a day

Question 11

People with irritable bowel syndrome tend to have excessive colonic responses to meals, gastrointestinal (GI) hormones, and stress.

Question 12

The patient with a colostomy or ileostomy should restrict fluid intake.

Question 13

Which beverage is least likely to increase intestinal gas?

A) ​orange juice
B) ​beer
C) ​carbonated lemon-lime soda
D) ​tea
E) ​apple juice

Question 14

The DRI for fiber for an adult male between the ages of 19 and 50 years old is 38 grams per day.

Question 15

Which active ingredient is found in the bulk-forming fiber supplement Metamucil?

A) ​methylcellulose
B) ​psyllium
C) ​polycarbophil
D) ​malt soup extract
E) ​aloe

Question 16

Diverticulitis and ulcerative colitis are the two most prevalent inflammatory bowel diseases.

Question 17

Which disorder does not improve with modified fiber intake?

A) ​constipation
B) ​irritable bowel syndrome
C) ​inflammatory bowel diseases
D) ​gallbladder disease
E) ​heart disease

Question 18

The development of diverticulosis is influenced by the type of dietary protein one consumes.

Question 19

​A side effect of consuming a high-fiber diet is _____.

A) ​flatulence
B) ​an ostomy
C) ​bacterial overgrowth
D) ​diverticulosis
E) ​gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 20

Flatulence can be an unpleasant side effect of consuming a high-fiber diet.

Question 21

Which food may help to alleviate diarrhea?

A) ​applesauce
B) ​pear juice
C) ​milk
D) ​sugar-free candies
E) ​coffee

Question 22

Which substance would not be included in a homemade oral rehydration solution?

A) ​table salt
B) ​sugar
C) ​baking soda
D) ​cornstarch
E) ​potassium chloride

Question 23

Food borne illnesses can cause _____.

A) ​osmotic diarrhea
B) ​steatorrhea
C) ​secretory diarrhea
D) ​chronic diarrhea
E) ​hyperosmotic diarrhea

Question 24

Commercial sports drinks are not recommended for the treatment of severe diarrhea because they are too ______.

A) ​expensive
B) ​high in sodium
C) ​low in sodium
D) ​low in potassium
E) ​low in water content

Question 25

Which statement characterizes irritable bowel syndrome?​

A) ​Symptoms often improve during periods of psychological stress.
B) ​It is associated with alternating episodes of diarrhea and constipation.
C) ​Herbal remedies are effective at relieving symptoms.
D) ​The most common recommendation is to gradually decrease fiber intake.
E) ​It is associated with increased risk of fistulas.

Question 26

Mr. Taylor seeks medical treatment for frequent, urgent bowel movements streaked with mucus and blood, and tests reveal a large, continuous area of inflammation affecting the first two layers of tissue in his rectum. What is Mr. Taylor's likely diagnosis?

A) ​Crohn's disease
B) ​ulcerative colitis
C) ​celiac disease
D) ​irritable bowel syndrome
E) ​fistulas

Question 27

The mother of a toddler is concerned about her child's frequent episodes of diarrhea. The dietitian suggests that the mother reduce the child's intake of _____.

A) ​oatmeal
B) ​fruit juice
C) ​rice
D) ​yogurt
E) ​bananas

Question 28

Which form of inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by "skip" lesions?

A) ​Crohn's disease
B) ​Crohn's disease
C) ​irritable bowel syndrome
D) ​diverticulosis
E) ​GERD

Question 29

Billy consumed the following foods at lunch: a hamburger with lettuce, tomato, and catsup on a bun; potato salad; and a diet carbonated beverage. Later that afternoon, Billy began to experience gas. Which of the following foods was most likely responsible for production of intestinal gas?

A) ​hamburger meat
B) ​tomato
C) ​potato salad
D) ​diet carbonated beverage
E) ​white bread

Question 30

Ulceritive colitis always involves the _____.

A) ​esophagus
B) ​stomach
C) ​duodenum
D) ​ileum
E) ​rectum

Question 31

During an exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease, the patient should be placed on small, frequent meals of _____ to minimize stool output and reduce symptoms of malabsorption.

A) ​a low-sodium, low-kcalorie diet​
B) ​a low-fat, low-fiber diet
C) ​a low-protein diet
D) ​parenteral nutrition
E) ​a clear liquid diet

Question 32

Diarrhea is often classified according to the cause of the fluid loss. Nutrient malabsorption causes _____ diarrhea.

A) ​osmotic
B) ​secretory
C) ​intractable
D) ​acute
E) ​motility

Question 33

An excessive colonic response to meals, GI hormones, and stress is characteristic of _____.

A) ​celiac disease
B) ​ulcerative colitis
C) ​Crohn's disease
D) ​irritable bowel syndrome
E) ​fistulas

Question 34

The treatment for irritable bowel syndrome includes all of these methods except _____.​

A) ​surgery
B) ​dietary adjustments
C) ​stress management
D) ​behavioral therapy
E) ​increased fiber intake

Question 35

Lily is experiencing a sudden bout of diarrhea. Which food may worsen her symptoms?

A) ​adding salt to foods
B) ​whole-wheat breads and cereals
C) ​noodles and couscous
D) ​bananas and peeled apples
E) ​coffee

Question 36

Secretory diarrhea may be caused by _____.

A) ​bacterial food poisoning
B) ​lactose intolerance
C) ​irritable bowel syndrome
D) ​swallowed air
E) ​overuse of laxatives

Question 37

A patient whose intestinal mucosa has a cobblestone appearance most likely has _____.

A) ​irritable bowel syndrome
B) ​GERD
C) ​ulceritivie colitis
D) ​fistulas
E) ​Crohn's disease

Question 38

Which strategy would be the first step in the treatment of someone with diarrhea?

A) ​correct the underlying medical condition
B) ​place the patient on a clear liquid diet
C) ​start parenteral nutrition
D) ​start an oral rehydration solution
E) ​start IV fluids.

Question 39

Inflammation that may extend deeply into intestinal tissue and be accompanied by ulcerations, fissures, and fistulas is characteristic of _____.
Celiac disease

A) ​Crohn's disease
B) ​ulcerative colitis
C) ​celiac disease
D) ​irritable bowel syndrome
E) ​gluten-intolerance

Question 40

The bleeding and insufficient absorption of iron, folate, and vitamin B₁₂ commonly observed in patients with Crohn's disease can cause _____.

A) ​malabsorption
B) ​fluid and electrolyte imbalances
C) ​anemia
D) ​weight loss
E) ​hypertension

Question 41

Noel was prescribed a corticosteroid to help with the inflammation associated with Crohn's disease. What is a possible side effect of this medication?

A) diarrhea
B) ​fluid retention
C) ​dehydration
D) ​loss of appetite
E) ​low blood pressure

Question 42

Noel will need to monitored for _____, due to the increased risk that accompanies Crohn's disease.​

A) ​diverticula
B) ​gluten sensitivity
C) ​gallbladder disease
D) ​obesity
E) ​intestinal cancer

Question 43

Noel's Crohn's disease has most likely resulted in inflammation of her _____.

A) ​gallbladder
B) ​ileum and/or colon
C) ​duodenum and/or jejunum
D) ​pancreas
E) ​liver

Question 44

Diverticular disease often occurs with _____.

A) ​a bacterial infection
B) ​aging
C) ​constipation
D) ​food intolerances
E) ​hypertension

Question 45

Which foods will provide sufficient probiotic bacteria to influence the bacterial population in the large intestine?

A) ​two servings of margarine
B) ​one serving of yogurt
C) ​two servings of cottage cheese
D) ​one serving of honey
E) ​one serving of chicory

Question 46

Removal of all or a portion of the colon is referred to as a(n) _____.

A) ​colostomy
B) ​colectomy
C) ​ileostomy
D) ​gastrectomy
E) ​ostomy

Question 47

Mary has been diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome. Although clinical studies suggest that it may not be beneficial, which dietary modification might her dietitian recommend?

A) ​a high-fiber diet
B) ​a low-fiber diet
C) ​a liquid diet
D) ​a low-salt diet
E) ​a hyperosmotic diet

Question 48

Noel requires aggressive dietary management of her disease, otherwise _____ could result.

A) ​nutrient deficiencies and protein-energy malnutrition
B) ​problems with chronic constipation and laxative use
C) ​dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
D) ​a higher risk of pancreatic cancer
E) ​a higher risk of liver cirrhosis

Question 49

The primary purpose of a low-fiber diet for ostomy patients is to _____.​

A) ​stimulate peristalsis
B) ​increase bulk in the colon
C) ​decrease stool output
D) decrease hydrochloric acid production
E) ​reduce fluid loss

Question 50

During a flare-up of her disease, Noel should follow a ______ diet.

A) ​high-fiber, high-fat
B) ​low-sodium
C) ​low-fiber, low-fat
D) ​high-fat
E) ​low-sodium, low-fiber

Question 51

The most common complication of diverticulosis is _____.

A) ​irritable bowel syndrome
B) ​weight gain
C) ​fistula development
D) ​Crohn's disease
E) ​diverticulitis

Question 52

The incidence of diverticulosis may be reduced by diets _____.

A) ​low in dietary fiber and residue
B) ​high in dietary fiber and fat
C) ​high in dietary fiber
D) ​high in dietary protein
E) ​low in sodium

Question 53

If Noel's Crohn's disease worsens, it could place her at risk for malnutrition due to all of these reasons except _____.

A) ​reduced food intake
B) ​surgery that shortens the small intestine
C) ​malabsorption of nutrients
D) ​ulceration in the esophagus
E) ​mucosal scarring

Question 54

All of these foods may cause difficulty for ostomy patients except ______.

A) ​bananas
B) ​popcorn
C) ​coconut
D) ​raisins
E) ​nuts

Question 55

Which dietary adjustment is not recommended for individuals with irritable bowel syndrome?

A) ​avoid fried and fatty foods
B) ​avoid alcohol
C) ​consume small, frequent meals
D) ​increase consumption of milk products
E) ​gradually increase fiber intake

Question 56

Nondigestible substances in foods that stimulate the growth of nonpathogenic bacteria within the large intestine are called _____.

A) ​probiotics
B) ​prebiotics
C) ​intestinal flora
D) ​pathogenic bacteria
E) ​bacterial translocation

Question 57

The patient with a colostomy or ileostomy is usually concerned about foods that cause _____.​

A) ​gas and odor
B) ​weight gain
C) ​fluid retention
D) ​anemia
E) ​diarrhea

Question 58

Much of the research investigating probiotics and intestinal illness has focused on the prevention and treatment of _____.

A) ​irritable bowel syndrome
B) ​diverticular disease
C) ​infectious diarrhea
D) ​Crohn's disease
E) ​gluten intolerance

Question 59

To help control diarrhea, people with ostomies should consume _____.

A) ​applesauce
B) ​caffeine
C) ​sugar-free candy
D) ​grapes
E) ​nuts

Question 60

Nonpathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract perform all of these functions except _____.

A) ​degrading undigested or unabsorbed dietary carbohydrate.
B) ​producing certain vitamins
C) ​preventing invasion of tissues by pathogenic bacteria
D) ​stimulating the production of proteins
E) ​assisting in the development and maintenance of the mucosal lining

Question 61

Constipation is particularly prevalent in _____.

A) ​children
B) ​people who exercise regularly
C) ​men of all ages
D) ​women
E) ​adults under the age of 50 years old

Question 62

Matching
a. the condition of having excessive intestinal gas, which causes abdominal discomfort
b. an inflammatory bowel disease that usually occurs in the lower portion of the small intestine and the colon, but inflammation may pervade the entire intestinal wall
c. an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa of the colon
d. an intestinal disorder of unknown cause that affects the functioning of the lower bowel, with symptoms of abdominal pain, flatulence, diarrhea, and constipation
e. a disorder characterized by the presence of small herniations in the intestinal wall
f. an inflammation or infection in the area around a diverticulum
g. associated with neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease and spinal cord lesions, that cause motor problems
h. unabsorbed nutrients attract water to the colon
i. fluid secretion of intestinal cells is greater than reabsorption
j. abnormal passages between organs or tissues that allow the passage of fluids or secretions
osmotic diarrhea

Question 63

Matching
a. the condition of having excessive intestinal gas, which causes abdominal discomfort
b. an inflammatory bowel disease that usually occurs in the lower portion of the small intestine and the colon, but inflammation may pervade the entire intestinal wall
c. an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa of the colon
d. an intestinal disorder of unknown cause that affects the functioning of the lower bowel, with symptoms of abdominal pain, flatulence, diarrhea, and constipation
e. a disorder characterized by the presence of small herniations in the intestinal wall
f. an inflammation or infection in the area around a diverticulum
g. associated with neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease and spinal cord lesions, that cause motor problems
h. unabsorbed nutrients attract water to the colon
i. fluid secretion of intestinal cells is greater than reabsorption
j. abnormal passages between organs or tissues that allow the passage of fluids or secretions
Crohn's disease

Question 64

Which feature is common to both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease?

A) increased risk of cancer
B) ​in about one third of cases, the inflammation is confined to the colon
C) ​inflammation is continuous throughout the affected region
D) ​presence of "skip" lesions
E) ​presence of fistulas

Question 65

Which treatment is not used to control the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome?

A) ​dietary adjustments
B) ​stress management
C) ​antidepressants
D) ​antibiotics
E) ​antivirals

Question 66

If the infection responsible for diverticulitis spreads to adjacent organs, _____ may result.​

A) ​irritable bowel syndrome
B) ​weight gain
C) ​fistulas
D) ​malnutrition
E) ​Crohn's disease

Question 67

Matching
a. the condition of having excessive intestinal gas, which causes abdominal discomfort
b. an inflammatory bowel disease that usually occurs in the lower portion of the small intestine and the colon, but inflammation may pervade the entire intestinal wall
c. an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa of the colon
d. an intestinal disorder of unknown cause that affects the functioning of the lower bowel, with symptoms of abdominal pain, flatulence, diarrhea, and constipation
e. a disorder characterized by the presence of small herniations in the intestinal wall
f. an inflammation or infection in the area around a diverticulum
g. associated with neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease and spinal cord lesions, that cause motor problems
h. unabsorbed nutrients attract water to the colon
i. fluid secretion of intestinal cells is greater than reabsorption
j. abnormal passages between organs or tissues that allow the passage of fluids or secretions
flatulence

Question 68

In order for probiotic microbes to have health benefits, they must _____.

A) ​be pathogenic when consumed
B) ​be absorbed in the stomach
C) ​alter the intestinal environment in a beneficial way
D) always colonize the intestines​
E) ​be effective when ingested in small amounts

Question 69

Matching
a. the condition of having excessive intestinal gas, which causes abdominal discomfort
b. an inflammatory bowel disease that usually occurs in the lower portion of the small intestine and the colon, but inflammation may pervade the entire intestinal wall
c. an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa of the colon
d. an intestinal disorder of unknown cause that affects the functioning of the lower bowel, with symptoms of abdominal pain, flatulence, diarrhea, and constipation
e. a disorder characterized by the presence of small herniations in the intestinal wall
f. an inflammation or infection in the area around a diverticulum
g. associated with neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease and spinal cord lesions, that cause motor problems
h. unabsorbed nutrients attract water to the colon
i. fluid secretion of intestinal cells is greater than reabsorption
j. abnormal passages between organs or tissues that allow the passage of fluids or secretions
diverticulosis

Question 70

Which symptom is consistent with ulcerative colitis?

A) ​inflammation confined to the rectum and colon
B) ​discrete lesions separated by normal tissue
C) ​cobblestone appearance of tissue
D) ​presence of fistulas
E) ​decreased risk of cancer

Question 71

Matching
a. the condition of having excessive intestinal gas, which causes abdominal discomfort
b. an inflammatory bowel disease that usually occurs in the lower portion of the small intestine and the colon, but inflammation may pervade the entire intestinal wall
c. an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa of the colon
d. an intestinal disorder of unknown cause that affects the functioning of the lower bowel, with symptoms of abdominal pain, flatulence, diarrhea, and constipation
e. a disorder characterized by the presence of small herniations in the intestinal wall
f. an inflammation or infection in the area around a diverticulum
g. associated with neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease and spinal cord lesions, that cause motor problems
h. unabsorbed nutrients attract water to the colon
i. fluid secretion of intestinal cells is greater than reabsorption
j. abnormal passages between organs or tissues that allow the passage of fluids or secretions
secretory diarrhea

Question 72

The two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease include _____.​

A) ​diarrhea and constipation
B) ​Crohn's disease and gluten intolerance
C) ​celiac disease and Crohn's disease
D) ​diverticulitis and diarrhea
E) ​Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis

Question 73

Which type of medication relieves constipation by stimulating peristaltic contractions?

A) ​fiber
B) ​Citrucel
C) ​laxatives
D) ​psyllium
E) ​psyllium

Question 74

Matching
a. the condition of having excessive intestinal gas, which causes abdominal discomfort
b. an inflammatory bowel disease that usually occurs in the lower portion of the small intestine and the colon, but inflammation may pervade the entire intestinal wall
c. an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa of the colon
d. an intestinal disorder of unknown cause that affects the functioning of the lower bowel, with symptoms of abdominal pain, flatulence, diarrhea, and constipation
e. a disorder characterized by the presence of small herniations in the intestinal wall
f. an inflammation or infection in the area around a diverticulum
g. associated with neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease and spinal cord lesions, that cause motor problems
h. unabsorbed nutrients attract water to the colon
i. fluid secretion of intestinal cells is greater than reabsorption
j. abnormal passages between organs or tissues that allow the passage of fluids or secretions
constipation

Question 75

Matching
a. the condition of having excessive intestinal gas, which causes abdominal discomfort
b. an inflammatory bowel disease that usually occurs in the lower portion of the small intestine and the colon, but inflammation may pervade the entire intestinal wall
c. an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa of the colon
d. an intestinal disorder of unknown cause that affects the functioning of the lower bowel, with symptoms of abdominal pain, flatulence, diarrhea, and constipation
e. a disorder characterized by the presence of small herniations in the intestinal wall
f. an inflammation or infection in the area around a diverticulum
g. associated with neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease and spinal cord lesions, that cause motor problems
h. unabsorbed nutrients attract water to the colon
i. fluid secretion of intestinal cells is greater than reabsorption
j. abnormal passages between organs or tissues that allow the passage of fluids or secretions
ulcerative colitis

Question 76

Matching
a. the condition of having excessive intestinal gas, which causes abdominal discomfort
b. an inflammatory bowel disease that usually occurs in the lower portion of the small intestine and the colon, but inflammation may pervade the entire intestinal wall
c. an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa of the colon
d. an intestinal disorder of unknown cause that affects the functioning of the lower bowel, with symptoms of abdominal pain, flatulence, diarrhea, and constipation
e. a disorder characterized by the presence of small herniations in the intestinal wall
f. an inflammation or infection in the area around a diverticulum
g. associated with neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease and spinal cord lesions, that cause motor problems
h. unabsorbed nutrients attract water to the colon
i. fluid secretion of intestinal cells is greater than reabsorption
j. abnormal passages between organs or tissues that allow the passage of fluids or secretions
fistulas

Question 77

Matching
a. the condition of having excessive intestinal gas, which causes abdominal discomfort
b. an inflammatory bowel disease that usually occurs in the lower portion of the small intestine and the colon, but inflammation may pervade the entire intestinal wall
c. an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa of the colon
d. an intestinal disorder of unknown cause that affects the functioning of the lower bowel, with symptoms of abdominal pain, flatulence, diarrhea, and constipation
e. a disorder characterized by the presence of small herniations in the intestinal wall
f. an inflammation or infection in the area around a diverticulum
g. associated with neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease and spinal cord lesions, that cause motor problems
h. unabsorbed nutrients attract water to the colon
i. fluid secretion of intestinal cells is greater than reabsorption
j. abnormal passages between organs or tissues that allow the passage of fluids or secretions
diverticulitis

Question 78

Probiotic therapy may be beneficial in treating which type of diarrhea?​

A) ​osmotic
B) ​excretory
C) ​infectious
D) ​irritable
E) ​spasmic

Question 79

The ______ contains the highest concentration of bacterial populations in the GI tract.

A) ​mouth
B) ​stomach
C) ​duodenum
D) ​ileum
E) ​colon

Question 80

Matching
a. the condition of having excessive intestinal gas, which causes abdominal discomfort
b. an inflammatory bowel disease that usually occurs in the lower portion of the small intestine and the colon, but inflammation may pervade the entire intestinal wall
c. an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa of the colon
d. an intestinal disorder of unknown cause that affects the functioning of the lower bowel, with symptoms of abdominal pain, flatulence, diarrhea, and constipation
e. a disorder characterized by the presence of small herniations in the intestinal wall
f. an inflammation or infection in the area around a diverticulum
g. associated with neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease and spinal cord lesions, that cause motor problems
h. unabsorbed nutrients attract water to the colon
i. fluid secretion of intestinal cells is greater than reabsorption
j. abnormal passages between organs or tissues that allow the passage of fluids or secretions
irritable bowel syndrome