Deck 30: Sleep Apnea

Question 1

Which of the following cardiac arrhythmias is life threatening?

A) Atrioventricular block
B)Sinus bradycardia
C)Ventricular tachycardia
D)Premature ventricular contraction

Answer 1

Ventricular tachycardia

Question 2

Sleep apnea would be diagnosed in a patient who has these findings:
1) More than 5 apnea episodes per hour over a 6-hour period
2) More than 5 apnea episodes per hour over an 8-hour period
3) Apnea episodes in non-REM sleep
4) Apnea episodes in REM sleep

A)1, 4
B)2, 3
C)2, 3, 4
D)1, 3, 4

Answer 2

1, 3, 4

Question 3

A CPAP titration polysomnogram is performed to:

A) find the maximum CPAP level for the functional residual capacity.
B)determine the lowest possible CPAP level.
C)find the CPAP level to maintain an open airway.
D)determine the pressure needed for negative-pressure ventilation.

Answer 3

find the CPAP level to maintain an open airway.

Question 4

Signs and symptoms associated with obstructive sleep apnea include:
1) insomnia.
2) excessive daytime sleepiness.
3) hypothyroidism.
4) metabolic alkalosis.

A)1, 2
B)3, 4
C)1, 2, 4
D)1, 2, 3, 4

Question 5

Mixed sleep apnea has these traits:
1) Obstructive apnea traits
2) Central apnea traits
3) Usually begins as central apnea
4) Usually ends as central apnea

A)2, 4
B)1, 3
C)1, 2, 3
D)1, 2, 4

Question 6

All of the following are found during rapid eye movement sleep, EXCEPT:

A) the diaphragm functions normally.
B)the person is easy to awaken.
C)dreaming occurs.
D)skeletal muscles are paralyzed.

Question 7

Sleep apnea is associated with:
1) systemic hypertension.
2) systemic hypotension.
3) pulmonary hypertension.
4) aspiration pneumonia.

A)1, 3
B)2, 3
C)1, 3, 4
D)1, 2, 3, 4

Question 8

Long-term management of central sleep apnea includes:

A) CPAP.
B)adaptive servo-ventilation (VPAP).
C)mechanical ventilation.
D)palatopharyngoplasty.

Question 9

During a pulmonary function study, it was found that your patient has a sawtooth pattern on his flow-volume loop. What is this finding associated with?

A) Central sleep apnea
B)COPD
C)Obstructive sleep apnea
D)Laryngeal edema (epiglottitis)

Question 10

Clinical disorders associated with central sleep apnea include:
1) awakening with dry mouth and sore throat.
2) depression.
3) encephalitis.
4) brain stem infarction.

A)1, 2
B)3, 4
C)1, 2, 3
D)2, 3, 4

Question 11

During sleep, there is loss of muscle tone in the upper airway. What could this cause?

A) Airway obstruction
B)Vocal cords stay dilated
C)Vocal cords stay closed
D)Aspiration or oral secretions

Question 12

Sleep apnea in an adult:
1) may be caused by upper airway obstruction.
2) may be due to an abnormal respiratory center.
3) is characterized by periods of apnea during non-REM and REM sleep.
4) lowers a person's oxygen level.

A)1, 4
B)2, 3
C)1, 2, 3
D)1, 2, 3, 4

Question 13

All of the following are evaluated during a polysomnographic sleep study, EXCEPT:

A) breath sounds.
B)chest and/or abdominal movement.
C)electro-oculogram (EOG).
D)nasal and oral air flow.

Question 14

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is useful in the management of the patient with obstructive sleep apnea because it:

A) pushes air into and out of the lungs like a mechanical ventilator.
B)prevents airway collapse.
C)stretches the J receptors in the chest wall to stimulate breathing.
D)delivers a tidal volume breath to the patient.

Question 15

Which of the following may be used in the management of a patient with central sleep apnea?
1) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor drugs
2) Oxygen therapy
3) Inhaled bronchodilator medications
4) Negative-pressure ventilation

A)1, 3
B)2, 4
C)1, 2, 4
D)1, 2, 3, 4