Question 1

All of the following will be seen in the arterial blood gas values of a patient with acute ventilatory failure EXCEPT:&#10;A) an acidic pH.&#10;B)a near-normal bicarbonate level.&#10;C)an alkaline pH.&#10;D)a high carbon dioxide level.

Accepted Answer

Acute ventilatory failure leads to retention of carbon dioxide, which causes respiratory acidosis, resulting in a decreased pH and an increased carbon dioxide level. The bicarbonate level may also increase as compensation, but it will not be near-normal. Therefore, option C, which suggests alkaline pH, is not seen in acute ventilatory failure.

Question 2

An anion gap of 15 would indicate:&#10;A) metabolic acidosis.&#10;B)respiratory alkalosis.&#10;C)respiratory acidosis.&#10;D)metabolic alkalosis.

Accepted Answer

An anion gap of 15 would indicate metabolic acidosis. Anion gap is the difference between the positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions) in the blood. A higher anion gap indicates an increase in the unmeasured anions, which is usually due to the presence of acids such as lactate, ketones or anions in the blood. This may be seen in metabolic acidosis which is characterized by increased acidity in the blood.

Question 3

Common causes of metabolic alkalosis include:
1) diuretic therapy.
2) vomiting.
3) excessive sodium bicarbonate administration.
4) gastric suctioning.

A)1, 3
B)2, 4
C)2, 3, 4
D)1, 2, 3, 4

1, 2, 3, 4

Accepted Answer

All of the listed options can cause metabolic alkalosis.

Question 4

Your patient has had chronic ventilatory failure for several years. What is the primary factor that determines her breathing pattern?&#10;A) Muscle efficiency&#10;B)Ventilatory efficiency&#10;C)Heart function&#10;D)Work efficiency

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your patient has had chronic ventilatory failure...

Question 5

Which of the following would be a normal person's arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO₂)? A) 25 to 35 mm Hg B)35 to 45 mm Hg C)45 to 60 mm Hg D)60 to 80 mm Hg

Accepted Answer

The normal range for arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2) is 35-45 mm Hg.

Question 6

Which of the following would be a normal person's venous oxygen pressure (PaO₂)? A) 35 to 45 mm Hg B)45 to 80 mm Hg C)80 to 100 mm Hg D)100 to 120 mm Hg

Accepted Answer

Normal venous oxygen pressure (PaO2) is in the range of 35 to 45 mm Hg. Higher values would indicate abnormal oxygenation, such as in cases of pulmonary embolism or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Question 7

What causes stimulation of the peripheral chemoreceptors to increase the ventilator rate? A) Pain or anxiety B)PaCO₂ of about 40 mm Hg C)PaO₂ of about 60 mm Hg D)Venous pH of 7.30 to 7.40

Accepted Answer

Peripheral chemoreceptors are primarily sensitive to changes in the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2). A PaO2 of about 60 mm Hg is low enough to stimulate these receptors, leading to an increase in the ventilatory rate to enhance oxygen uptake.

Question 8

Which of the following would be found in a stable patient with longstanding obstructive lung disease?&#10;A) Low bicarbonate level and low carbon dioxide level&#10;B)Low bicarbonate level and high carbon dioxide level&#10;C)High bicarbonate level and low carbon dioxide level&#10;D)High bicarbonate level and high carbon dioxide level

Accepted Answer

In patients with long-standing obstructive lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is typically a retention of carbon dioxide (CO2) due to poor gas exchange in the lungs. The body compensates for this respiratory acidosis by retaining bicarbonate (HCO3-) in the kidneys, leading to a high bicarbonate level. Therefore, a stable patient with long-standing obstructive lung disease would typically have both high bicarbonate levels and high carbon dioxide levels, reflecting the body's compensatory mechanism to maintain a relatively normal pH.

Question 9

Common causes of metabolic acidosis include all of the following EXCEPT:&#10;A) diabetic ketoacidosis.&#10;B)shallow breathing from a sedative overdose.&#10;C)lactic acidosis.&#10;D)renal (kidney) failure.

Accepted Answer

Shallow breathing from a sedative overdose can lead to respiratory acidosis, not metabolic acidosis. The other options listed can cause metabolic acidosis.

Question 10

Your patient with chronic ventilatory failure and hypoxemia has been given supplemental oxygen. Within an hour, he is found to be breathing shallowly and very lethargic. The physician suspects that he was given too much oxygen. What physiologic effects could have led to this?
1) Oxygen-induced redistribution of the ratio
2) Oxygen-induced peripheral chemoreceptor depression
3) Respiratory acidosis
4) Increased shunt percentage

A)1, 2
B)2, 3
C)3, 4
D)1, 2, 3

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your patient with chronic ventilatory failure and...

Deck 4: Arterial Blood Gas Assessments