Question 1

In which of the following is the atrial rate faster than the ventricular rate?
1) Atrial fibrillation
2) Sinus bradycardia
3) Atrial flutter
4) Ventricular flutter

A)1, 3
B)2, 4
C)3, 4
D)1, 2, 3

1, 3

Accepted Answer

Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter are both arrhythmias where the atrial rate is faster than the ventricular rate, whereas sinus bradycardia and ventricular flutter have slower atrial rates than ventricular rates.

Question 2

A premature ventricular contraction (PVC) can be identified by which of the following?
1) There is no P wave.
2) The QRS is wide.
3) The QRS looks normal.
4) The heart rate is altered.

A)1
B)3, 4
C)1, 2, 4
D)1, 3, 4

Accepted Answer

All of the listed options can cause PVCs.

Question 3

Which of the following will be found in a patient with asystole?
1) Increased ventricular activity
2) Absence of electrical activity
3) No blood pressure
4) Highly variable heart rate

A)2
B)1, 4
C)2, 3
D)1, 3, 4

2, 3

Accepted Answer

Asystole is a condition characterized by the absence of electrical activity in the heart, which means there is no contraction of the ventricles to pump blood. Hence, there will be no blood pressure. Increased ventricular activity and highly variable heart rate are unlikely to be seen in asystole.

Question 4

A premature ventricular contraction (PVC) can be identified by which of the following?
1) There is no P wave.
2) The QRS is wide.
3) The QRS looks normal.
4) The heart rate is altered.

A)1
B)3, 4
C)1, 2, 4
D)1, 3, 4

Accepted Answer

PVCs are characterized by the absence of a P wave before the ventricular contraction (1), a wider QRS complex due to the abnormal ventricular depolarization (2), and they can alter the heart's normal rhythm, affecting the heart rate (4).

Question 5

Which of the following are found when a patient has sinus arrhythmia?
1) Rate decreases during expiration
2) Rate decreases during inspiration
3) Rate varies by more than 10% from beat to beat
4) Rate increases during inspiration

A)3
B)2, 3
C)1, 4
D)1, 3, 4

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following are found when...

Question 6

A central venous pressure (CVP) catheter is used to:&#10;A) measure left atrial pressure.&#10;B)measure right ventricular work.&#10;C)monitor right ventricular function.&#10;D)monitor left ventricular function.

Accepted Answer

A central venous pressure (CVP) catheter is inserted into the right side of the heart and measures the pressure in the superior vena cava or right atrium, providing indirect information about right ventricular function and fluid status.

Question 7

Which of the following hemodynamic changes are commonly seen in a patient with pulmonary edema?
1) Increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)
2) Increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
3) Decreased mean pulmonary artery pressure (PA)
4) Decreased cardiac output (CO)

A)1, 4
B)2, 3
C)1, 2, 3
D)1, 2, 3, 4

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary edema is caused by an accumulation of fluid in the lungs, which can lead to an increase in the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). This increase in pressure can result in a decrease in cardiac output (CO) as the heart has to work harder to pump against the increased resistance. However, there is no consistent effect on pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (PA). Therefore, the correct answer is A, which includes the changes in PCWP and CO.

Question 8

A pulmonary artery (Swan-Ganz) catheter can be used for all of the following EXCEPT:&#10;A) measuring cardiac output.&#10;B)arterial blood sampling.&#10;C)measuring left atrial pressure.&#10;D)measuring pulmonary artery pressure.

Accepted Answer

A pulmonary artery (Swan-Ganz) catheter is not typically used for arterial blood sampling. It is primarily used to monitor hemodynamic parameters such as cardiac output, left atrial pressure, and pulmonary artery pressure.

Question 9

The &#34;T&#34; wave represents:&#10;A) depolarization of the ventricles.&#10;B)repolarization of the ventricles.&#10;C)depolarization of the atria.&#10;D)repolarization of the atria.

Accepted Answer

The "T" wave represents repolarization of the ventricles.

Question 10

When reviewing a cardiac rhythm strip, you notice that there are three large boxes between two QRS complexes. Approximately what is this patient's heart rate?&#10;A) 60&#10;B)75&#10;C)100&#10;D)150

Accepted Answer

Each large box on a standard EKG paper is equal to 0.2 seconds (200 milliseconds), and there are three large boxes between the QRS complexes. Therefore, the time between the QRS complexes is 0.6 seconds (600 milliseconds). To calculate the heart rate, we use the formula: 60/RR interval in seconds. In this case, the heart rate would be approximately 100 beats per minute (60/0.6 seconds).

Deck 6: Cardiovascular System Assessments