Deck 11: Atomic Nature of Matter

Question 1

Which is the smallest particle?

A)molecule
B)atom
C)proton
D)neutron
E)quark

Answer 1

quark

Question 2

Assuming all the atoms exhaled by Julius Caesar in his last dying breath are still in the atmosphere, we breathe in at least one of them each

A)single breath.
B)day.
C)month.
D)ten years.
E)can't say for some people breathe a few of Caesar's atoms daily, while others never.

Answer 2

single breath.

Question 3

Which of these investigators did NOT contribute to our knowledge of atoms?

A)Aristotle
B)John Dalton
C)Robert Brown
D)Albert Einstein

Answer 3

Aristotle

Question 4

An element is distinct because of its number of

A)protons.
B)neutrons.
C)electrons.
D)the total mass of all the particles.
E)none of the above

Question 5

Which of the following are electrically neutral?

A)protons
B)neutrons
C)electrons
D)ions
E)none of the above

Question 6

Atoms can be photographed by

A)electron beams.
B)scanning electron microscopes.
C)both of these
D)neither of these

Question 7

What did Robert Brown see in his microscope?

A)straight-line motion
B)circular motions
C)parabolic motions
D)random motions

Question 8

The chance that at least one of the atoms exhaled in your previous breath will be inhaled in your next breath is

A)very low.
B)very high.
C)zero.

Question 9

A granite block is mostly empty space because the atoms in the granite are

A)in perpetual motion.
B)mostly empty space themselves.
C)held together by electrical forces.
D)not as close together as they could be.
E)invisible.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true?

A)an atom is the smallest particle known to exist
B)there are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances
C)there are thousands of different kinds of atoms that account for a wide variety of substances
D)a large atom can be photographed with the aid of an ordinary microscope
E)none of the above

Question 11

The difficulty of taking a photograph of an atom with light is

A)unwanted diffraction.
B)that atoms are smaller than wavelengths of light.
C)both of these
D)neither of these

Question 12

Atoms heavier than helium were at one time manufactured by

A)photosynthesis.
B)thermonuclear fusion.
C)radiant energy conversion.
D)radioactivity.
E)none of the above

Question 13

If we doubled the magnifying power of the most powerful optical microscope in the world, we would

A)be able to see individual atoms.
B)be able to photograph individual atoms, even though we couldn't see them.
C)still not be able to see or photograph an atom.

Question 14

The element gold contains

A)gold atoms.
B)atoms that combine to produce gold.
C)gold atoms plus various slightly lighter and heavier atoms.
D)none of the above

Question 15

Which is the lightest particle?

A)proton
B)electron
C)neutron
D)all about the same

Question 16

An atomic model of the atom is

A)a symbolic representation of the atom.
B)a stepping stone to further understanding.
C)an abstraction enabling predictions.
D)all of the above

Question 17

There are about as many atoms of air in our lungs at any moment as there are breaths of air in the atmosphere of

A)a large auditorium.
B)a large city.
C)the United States.
D)the whole world.
E)none of the above

Question 18

Nuclei of atoms that make up a newborn baby were manufactured in

A)the mother's womb.
B)the food the mother eats before delivery.
C)ancient stars.
D)the Earth.
E)none of the above

Question 19

Compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are

A)newer.
B)actually older.
C)the same age.

Question 20

Brownian motion is caused by

A)thermal agitation.
B)perpetual motion.
C)particles larger than atoms bumping into them.
D)interactions between atoms and molecules.
E)almost invisible bugs.

Question 21

Which of the following is a gas?

A)lithium
B)carbon
C)neon
D)sodium

Question 22

One neutron added to a helium nucleus results in

A)hydrogen.
B)boron.
C)lithium.
D)beryllium.
E)helium.

Question 23

The number of protons in a neutral atom is balanced by an equal number of

A)electron shells that surround the nucleus.
B)neutrons in the nucleus.
C)orbital electrons.
D)none of the above

Question 24

Which of these atoms has the greatest amount of electrical charge in its nucleus?

A)helium
B)carbon
C)iron
D)gold
E)uranium

Question 25

Atomic number refers to the number of

A)protons in the nucleus.
B)neutrons in the nucleus.
C)nucleons in the nucleus.

Question 26

A pair of helium nuclei fused together produces

A)helium isotope.
B)lithium.
C)beryllium.
D)carbon.
E)iron.

Question 27

Which of the following elements has the most mass?

A)hydrogen
B)iron
C)lead
D)uranium
E)all have the same mass

Question 28

Which of these has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus?

A)gold
B)mercury
C)lead
D)silver

Question 29

Which of the following is an inert gas?

A)Hydrogen
B)Helium.
C)Carbon
D)Oxygen

Question 30

If a nitrogen atom and a slightly heavier oxygen atom have equal average speeds, which has the greater kinetic energy?

A)nitrogen
B)oxygen
C)both the same
D)need more information

Question 31

Two protons added to an oxygen nucleus produce

A)heavy oxygen.
B)fluorine.
C)neon.
D)sodium.
E)nitrogen.

Question 32

A force that determines the chemical properties of an atom is

A)a friction force.
B)a nuclear force.
C)a gravitational force.
D)an electrical force.
E)none of the above

Question 33

Two protons removed from an oxygen nucleus result in

A)nitrogen.
B)carbon.
C)helium.
D)neon.
E)positively charged oxygen.

Question 34

To change mercury into gold, a pair of protons must be

A)removed from the mercury nucleus.
B)added to the mercury nucleus.
C)either of these
D)neither of these

Question 35

A pair of hydrogen nuclei fused together produces

A)helium.
B)lithium.
C)beryllium.
D)carbon.
E)iron.

Question 36

The volume of matter is due mostly to its

A)protons.
B)electrons.
C)both of these

Question 37

Which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons?

A)helium
B)carbon
C)iron
D)gold
E)uranium

Question 38

If a nitrogen atom and a slightly heavier oxygen atom have equal kinetic energies, which has the greater average speed?

A)nitrogen
B)oxygen
C)both the same
D)need more information

Question 39

The mass of matter is due mostly to its

A)protons.
B)electrons.
C)both of these

Question 40

Although solid matter is mostly empty space, we don't fall through the floor because

A)atoms are constantly vibrating, even at absolute zero.
B)of nuclear forces.
C)of gravitational forces.
D)of electrical forces.
E)none of the above

Question 41

An isotope is simply an atom that

A)is electrically charged.
B)has different numbers of neutrons for the same element.
C)both of these
D)neither of these

Question 42

Heavier atoms are not proportionally larger than lighter atoms due to the greater number of protons

A)pulling surrounding electrons into tighter shells.
B)squeezed into tighter spaces.
C)both of these
D)none of these

Question 43

A uranium atom is 238 times as massive as a hydrogen atom. Compared with the diameter of a hydrogen atom, uranium's size is

A)slightly smaller.
B)only slightly larger.
C)is much larger, but less than 238 times as large.

Question 44

Compared to the average size of a hydrogen atom, the average size of a helium atom is

A)larger.
B)smaller.
C)about the same.

Question 45

An atomic mass unit (amu)is 1/12 the mass of

A)an electron.
B)a proton.
C)a hydrogen atom.
D)a carbon atom.
E)a uranium atom.

Question 46

What is the molecular mass of a water molecule?

A)10 amu
B)12 amu
C)15 amu
D)18 amu
E)none of the above

Question 47

The air in this room has

A)mass.
B)weight.
C)energy.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 48

The chemical properties of matter are due mostly to their

A)protons.
B)electrons.
C)neutrons.

Question 49

Mass number refers to the number of

A)protons in the nucleus.
B)neutrons in the nucleus.
C)nucleons in the nucleus.

Question 50

Heavy atoms are not appreciably larger in size than light atoms because the nuclei of heavy atoms have more

A)mass.
B)electric charge.
C)nucleons.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 51

A nucleon has a mass of about

A)1 amu.
B)1 atomic mass unit.
C)both are the same.
D)none of the above

Question 52

An ion and an isotope are

A)very much one and the same
B)very unlike
C)opposites.

Question 53

Compared to the mass of a hydrogen atom, the mass of an oxygen atom is

A)8 times as great.
B)12 times as great.
C)16 times as great.
D)appreciably more than 16 times as great.

Question 54

The electrical force is stronger between the nucleus and an inner electron for atoms of

A)low atomic number.
B)high atomic number.
C)both of these
D)neither of these

Question 55

Compared to the diameter of a zirconium atom (A = 40), the diameter of a mercury atom (A = is approximately

A)four times as large.
B)twice as large.
C)the same size.
D)one-half as large.
E)one-quarter as large.

Question 56

Which of the following statements is true?

A)a molecule is the smallest existing particle
B)chemical elements are made up of about 100 distinct molecules
C)molecules form atoms that determine chemical properties of a substance
D)molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retain a substance's chemical properties
E)none of the above

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a compound?

A)air
B)ammonia
C)water
D)salt
E)all are compounds

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a mixture?

A)granite
B)cake
C)air
D)beach sand
E)none of the above

Question 59

How many protons should be added to the nuclei of oxygen atoms so the resulting gas will glow red when an electric current is in it?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)none of the above

Question 60

Which contains more atoms?

A)1 kg of hydrogen
B)1 kg of iron
C)both contain the same

Question 61

What is the total number of individual atoms in a water molecule?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)none

Question 62

How many atoms are in this carbohydrate molecule, C₆H₁₂O₆?

A)3.
B)14.
C)18.
D)24.
E)none of the above

Question 63

When oxygen and hydrogen gases combine, the result is

A)water.
B)methane.
C)a noble gas.

Question 64

In our part of the universe, antimatter is

A)non-existent.
B)plentiful.
C)short-lived.
D)long-lived.

Question 65

If a gram of antimatter meets a kilogram of matter, the amount of mass to survive is

A)1 gram.
B)999 grams.
C)1 kilogram.
D)1.1 kilogram.

Question 66

When carbon and oxygen atoms combine, energy is

A)absorbed by the reaction.
B)released by the reaction.
C)not involved.

Question 67

If an astronaut landed on a planet composed of antimatter, there would be an explosion and the

A)planet would annihilate.
B)astronaut would annihilate.
C)astronaut and an equal amount of planet antimatter would both annihilate.

Question 68

Compared to the energy it takes to separate oxygen and hydrogen from water, the amount of energy released when they recombine is

A)slightly more.
B)slightly less.
C)much more.
D)much less.
E)the same.

Question 69

How many different kinds of elements are in a water molecule?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)none

Question 70

A molecule has

A)mass.
B)structure.
C)energy.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above