Deck 2: Inflammation and Repair

Question 1

Which one of the following describes white blood cells adhering to the walls of a blood vessel during inflammation?

A)Margination
B)Pavementing
C)Leukocytosis
D)Emigration

Answer 1

Pavementing

Question 2

The loss of tooth structure seen in bulimia is caused by:

A)anorexia.
B)erosion.
C)attrition.
D)bruxism.

Answer 2

erosion.

Question 3

All of the following are true concerning the neutrophil except that the neutrophil is:

A)the first cell at the site of injury.
B)the primary cell in acute inflammation.
C)the primary cell in chronic inflammation.
D)a phagocyte.

Answer 3

the primary cell in chronic inflammation.

Question 4

Which one of the following is a systemic sign of inflammation?

A)Redness
B)Pain
C)Loss of normal tissue function
D)Fever

Question 5

The enlargement of lymph nodes is called:

A)atrophy.
B)lymphadenopathy.
C)hyperplasia.
D)leukocytosis.

Question 6

Healing of an injury in which there is little loss of tissue, such as a surgical incision, is referred to as healing by:

A)tertiary intention.
B)keloid formation.
C)secondary intention.
D)primary intention.

Question 7

Which type of inflammation occurs when the injury is minimal and brief and its source is removed from the tissue?

A)Acute
B)Chronic
C)Local
D)Systemic

Question 8

Neutrophils constitute how much of the entire white blood cell population?

A)5%
B)20%
C)65%
D)90%

Question 9

Which system in the blood mediates inflammation by causing increased dilation of the blood vessels at the site of injury and increases the permeability of local blood vessels?

A)Kinin system
B)Clotting system
C)Complement system
D)Lysosomal enzymes

Question 10

Which one of the following is a steroidal antiinflammatory drug?

A)Aspirin
B)Prednisone
C)Ibuprofen
D)Motrin

Question 11

The wearing away of tooth structure during mastication is called:

A)attrition.
B)erosion.
C)abrasion.
D)abfraction.

Question 12

A patient comes to the office for an emergency visit. The patient complains of a toothache in the left mandibular posterior area. On clinical examination you notice a gray-to-white patch on the left posterior buccal mucosa. On questioning, the patient tells you that this area is also painful. After reviewing the patient's medical history, you question the patient regarding his recent use of:

A)hydrogen peroxide.
B)aspirin.
C)antibiotics.
D)mouthwash.

Question 13

Which one of the following is not a classic local sign of inflammation?

A)Redness
B)Swelling
C)Leukocytosis
D)Loss of normal tissue function

Question 14

When formation of exudate is excessive, a drainage tract may develop through the injured tissue. This channel is often called:

A)a fistula.
B)leukocytosis.
C)erythema.
D)emigration.

Question 15

The first response of the body to injury is:

A)anaphylaxis.
B)erythema.
C)fever.
D)inflammation.

Question 16

This white raised line observed on the buccal mucosa along the occlusal plane of the teeth is:

A)cheek biting.
B)linea alba.
C)white sponge nevus.
D)frictional keratosis.

Question 17

The first microscopic event in the inflammatory response is:

A)decreased blood flow.
B)constriction of the microvasculature.
C)phagocytosis.
D)dilation of microvasculature.

Question 18

Serous exudate is composed of:

A)tissue debris and many white blood cells.
B)suppuration.
C)plasma fluids and proteins with a few white blood cells.
D)plasma fluids and red blood cells.

Question 19

Which type of cell is the first to arrive at the site of injury and is the primary cell type involved in acute inflammation?

A)Macrophage
B)Neutrophil
C)Plasma cell
D)Mast cell

Question 20

A decrease in the size and function of a cell, a tissue, an organ, or the whole body is referred to as:

A)emigration.
B)atrophy.
C)hyperplasia.
D)phagocytosis.

Question 21

Which of the following is most likely to result in frictional keratosis?

A)High-fiber diet
B)Chewing on an edentulous ridge
C)Malignancy
D)Daily use of mouthwash

Question 22

Which one of the following does not cause gingival enlargement?

A)Hormonal changes
B)Calcium channel blockers
C)Hereditary factors
D)Nitroglycerin

Question 23

Epulis fissuratum is caused by:

A)Denture adhesive products
B)Poor suction in the palatal vault
C)Poor denture hygiene
D)An ill-fitting denture flange

Question 24

Which one of the following is not a cause of abrasion?

A)Pipe placement by pipe smokers
B)Playing wind instruments
C)Holding needles or pins with the teeth
D)Frequent sucking on lemons

Question 25

The diagnosis of a traumatic ulcer is usually based on:

A)history of the lesion.
B)scalpel biopsy.
C)therapeutic procedures.
D)laboratory tests.

Question 26

This type of erosion is classically associated with:

A)anorexia nervosa.
B)bulimia.
C)sucking lemons.
D)abrasive toothpaste.

Question 27

Traumatic neuroma is a lesion caused by injury to:

A)The epithelium
B)A peripheral nerve
C)A salivary gland
D)Striated muscle

Question 28

This granular, erythematous papillary surface of the palatal vault was caused by:

A)Poor oral hygiene
B)An ill-fitting suction area of a maxillary denture
C)The denture flange
D)Soaking the denture in caustic rinses

Question 29

The most common site for the pulp polyp is:

A)the occlusal surface of a large open carious tooth.
B)the apex of the tooth.
C)the gingival margin of the tooth.
D)deep in the pulp canal.

Question 30

Which of the following is defined as an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ?

A)Hypertrophy
B)Atrophy
C)Hyperplasia
D)Repair

Question 31

Resorption of tooth structure from outside the tooth is called:

A)internal resorption.
B)external resorption.
C)idiopathic tooth resorption.
D)condensing osteitis.

Question 32

The major cause of a mucocele is:

A)a sialolith.
B)salivary duct obstruction.
C)trauma to a minor duct.
D)allergic reaction.

Question 33

Which one of the following inflammatory periapical lesions is most painful?

A)Periapical abscess
B)Periapical granuloma
C)Radicular cyst
D)Residual cyst

Question 34

This lesion on the palate is typically associated with heavy pipe and cigar smoking and is called:

A)tobacco pouch keratosis.
B)necrotizing sialometaplasia.
C)nicotine stomatitis.
D)frictional keratosis.

Question 35

The first sign of attrition is:

A)open contacts.
B)disappearance of mamelons on incisors.
C)temporomandibular joint dysfunction.
D)biomechanical forces on the teeth.

Question 36

Aspirin burn on the oral mucosa:

A)is caused by ingestion of too many aspirin tablets.
B)is caused by placing the aspirin on the tooth with the toothache, causing the surrounding mucosa to become necrotic.
C)is painless.
D)requires a biopsy for diagnosis.

Question 37

Excessive scarring in skin is called:

A)a keloid.
B)healing by primary intention.
C)a hematoma.
D)healing by tertiary intention.

Question 38

Electric burns in the oral area are usually seen in:

A)electricians.
B)infants and young children.
C)the elderly.
D)individuals involved in an electrical fire.

Question 39

Which of the following is a lesion that occurs on the gingiva or alveolar process and contains many multinucleated giant cells, red blood cells, and chronic inflammatory cells?

A)Ranula
B)Central giant cell granuloma
C)Fibroma
D)Peripheral giant cell granuloma

Question 40

Necrotizing sialometaplasia is thought to result from:

A)lack of blood supply to the affected salivary gland.
B)a sialolith.
C)trauma to the floor of the mouth.
D)pleomorphic adenoma.

Question 41

Each of the following statements regarding the atrophy of tissue cells is true except one. Which one is the exception?

A)Atrophied cells are capable of returning to their normal size after stress is removed.
B)Atrophy can occur with changes in cellular growth, malnutrition, ischemia, or hormonal changes.
C)Atrophy can be present in the muscular wasting that occurs in some chronic diseases that do not allow for mobility.
D)Atrophy occurs in the smooth muscles of the uterus and the mammary glands in response to pregnancy.

Question 42

During the acute inflammatory process, the second type of white blood cell to emigrate from the blood vessel into the injured tissue is the:

A)macrophage.
B)neutrophil.
C)plasma cell.
D)lymphocyte.

Question 43

The inflammatory response is a dynamic process, continually changing in response to injury and repair. Repair of tissue occurs only if the persistent source of injury is removed.

A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true; the second is false.
D)The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 44

During the microscopic event of inflammation, pain may be caused by which of the following?

A)Phagocytosis
B)Leukocytosis
C)Exudate formation
D)Anaphylaxis

Question 45

In cases of healing, if an infected injury is left open and the edges are not surgically joined until the infection is controlled, this is referred to as _____ intention.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary

Question 46

Each of the following is a factor that may impair healing except one. Which one is the exception?

A)Tobacco use
B)Staphylococcus
C)Nutritional supplements
D)Renal failure

Question 47

Each of the following is most likely to result in frictional keratosis except one. Which one is the exception?

A)Chronic cheek biting
B)Chewing on an edentulous ridge
C)Cigarette smoking
D)Tongue chewing

Question 48

Aspirin burn to the oral mucosa appears as:

A)white.
B)pigmented.
C)bulbous.
D)papillary.

Question 49

A process during inflammation in which white blood cells move to the blood vessel wall is referred to as:

A)chemotaxis.
B)margination.
C)leukocytosis.
D)transudate.

Question 50

A wedge-shaped defect at the cervical area of a tooth, the cause of which is related to microfracture of the tooth structure in areas of concentration of stress, is called:

A)attrition.
B)erosion.
C)abrasion.
D)abfraction.

Question 51

Repair of bone injury is similar to the process that takes place in fibrous connective tissue except that it involves the creation of bone tissue. The removal of osteoblast-producing tissues and excessive movement of the bone promote bone healing.

A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true; the second is false.
D)The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 52

If the source of injury has been completely removed, the inflammation and immune responses in the tissues are completed in approximately what time frame?

A)Day after removal of injury
B)Two days after removal of injury
C)Seven days after removal of injury
D)Two weeks after removal of injury

Question 53

An example of an irreversible cellular response that occurs during tissue injury is:

A)atrophy.
B)hypertrophy.
C)hyperplasia.
D)necrosis.

Question 54

These elongated folds of tissue are a result of irritation from an ill-fitting denture. The accurate diagnosis for this lesion is:

A)palatal papillomatosis.
B)gingival hyperplasia.
C)chronic hyperplastic pulpitis.
D)epulis fissuratum.

Question 55

This sessile-based lesion is on the gingiva of a 13-year-old female. It is soft to palpation and bleeds easily. The accurate diagnosis for this lesion is:

A)peripheral giant cell granuloma.
B)pyogenic granuloma.
C)traumatic neuroma.
D)irritation fibroma.

Question 56

Which of the following is characteristic of erosion?

A)It is a pathologic wearing away of tooth structure that results from a repetitive mechanical habit.
B)It is caused by local factors such as occlusal interferences in combination with stress and tension.
C)If tooth structure is lost around a restoration, the restoration will appear raised from the surrounding demineralized tooth structure.
D)Its first clinical sign is the disappearance of mamelons on the anterior teeth and the flattening of occlusal cusps on the molar teeth.

Question 57

A tooth must be extracted if internal root resorption is present and a perforation occurs.

A)Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
B)Both the statement and reason are correct but not related.
C)The statement is correct, but the reason is not.
D)The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E)Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 58

Hyperemia is responsible for which two clinical signs of inflammation?

A)Emigration and pain
B)Heat and erythema
C)Transudation and redness
D)Swelling and chemotaxis

Question 59

The most likely cause of a ranula is:

A)inflammation of gland tissue.
B)blockage of blood supply.
C)trauma to a minor duct.
D)salivary duct obstruction.