Deck 7: Neoplasia

Question 1

Anaplastic means the tumor:

A)is composed of cells that vary in size and shape.
B)has cells with darker nuclei than those of normal cells.
C)has cells that exhibit an increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio.
D)does not resemble the tissue from which it was derived.

Answer 1

does not resemble the tissue from which it was derived.

Question 2

Most cases of papilloma occur on the:

A)hard palate.
B)buccal mucosa.
C)soft palate or tongue.
D)retromolar area.

Answer 2

soft palate or tongue.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about erythroplakia is true?

A)Most cases of erythroplakia occur on the buccal mucosa and vestibule.
B)Erythroplakia is more common than leukoplakia.
C)When examined microscopically, 90% of cases of erythroplakia demonstrate epithelial dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma.
D)Erythroplakia is considered a less serious clinical finding than leukoplakia.

Answer 3

When examined microscopically, 90% of cases of erythroplakia demonstrate epithelial dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma.

Question 4

Idiopathic leukoplakia:

A)is a malignant lesion of the oral mucosa.
B)can be rubbed off with gauze squares.
C)is caused by direct irritation, as in tobacco pouch keratosis.
D)does not have a specific known cause.

Question 5

Severe epithelial dysplasia involving the full thickness of the epithelium is called:

A)anaplasia.
B)squamous cell carcinoma.
C)carcinoma in situ.
D)metastasis.

Question 6

Intraoral minor salivary gland tumors are most commonly located:

A)on the labial and buccal mucosa.
B)at the junction of the hard and soft palate.
C)on the retromolar area.
D)on the floor of the mouth.

Question 7

Which of the following choices is not regarded as an initiating factor in the development of oral cancer?

A)Cigar, pipe, and cigarette smoking
B)Snuff dipping and tobacco chewing
C)Consumption of alcohol
D)Chronic irritation

Question 8

Verrucous carcinoma:

A)has a better prognosis than other forms of squamous cell carcinomas.
B)appears clinically as a quick-growing exophytic tumor with a pebbly white surface.
C)is characterized by poorly differentiated epithelium with atypical cells.
D)shows invasion of tumor cells through the basement membrane.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about epithelial dysplasia is true?

A)It is considered a malignant condition.
B)Unlike squamous cell carcinoma, cellular changes in epithelial dysplasia may revert to normal if the stimulus, such as tobacco smoking, is removed.
C)It presents clinically as an erythematous lesion and not a white lesion (leukoplakia).
D)Lesions often arise on the hard and soft palate.

Question 10

Basal cell carcinoma is a _____ tumor that _____ in the oral cavity.

A)benign; occurs
B)malignant; occurs
C)benign; does not occur
D)malignant; does not occur

Question 11

As a general rule, a patient should be referred to an oral and maxillofacial surgeon or dermatologist to have a biopsy performed on any nonhealing ulcer of the skin or lips that has been present for more than:

A)twenty-four hours.
B)ten days.
C)three months.
D)one year.

Question 12

A benign tumor of bone is called a(n):

A)osteoma.
B)osteogenic sarcoma.
C)chondroma.
D)carcinoma.

Question 13

Most cases of verrucous carcinoma occur in the _____ years old.

A)posterior lateral border of the tongue of women over 40
B)floor of the mouth of women over 70
C)vestibule and buccal mucosa of men over 55
D)bone of the mandible of men over 20

Question 14

An intraoral mucosal lesion that shows a mixture of red and white areas is generally called:

A)erythroplakia.
B)speckled erythroplakia.
C)speckled leukoplakia.
D)leukoplakia.

Question 15

Which of the following choices represents characteristics of malignant tumors?

A)Encapsulated
B)Ability to spread to distant sites
C)Benign
D)Cells resemble normal cells

Question 16

"Keratin pearls" are a characteristic feature of:

A)squamous cell carcinoma.
B)basal cell carcinoma.
C)pleomorphic adenoma.
D)monomorphic adenoma.

Question 17

Squamous cell carcinomas on the vermilion border of the lips and skin of the face are:

A)associated with lack of exposure to the sun and vitamin D deficiency.
B)more common in individuals with dark skin.
C)associated with a poorer prognosis than that for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa.
D)associated with color changes of the vermilion border from dark pink and uniform to mottled grayish pink.

Question 18

A papilloma is a _____ tumor derived from _____ epithelium.

A)benign; salivary gland
B)malignant; squamous
C)benign; squamous
D)malignant; odontogenic

Question 19

According to the TNM staging system for oral squamous carcinoma, T₂, N₁, M₀ would mean tumor _____ cm in diameter, _____ palpable nodes, and _____ metastasis.

A)less than 2; ipsilateral; no distant
B)2 to 4; ipsilateral; no distant
C)2 to 4; contralateral; no distant
D)2 to 4; contralateral; distant

Question 20

Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral epithelium usually metastasizes first to the:

A)spleen.
B)lungs.
C)liver.
D)lymph nodes.

Question 21

The ameloblastic fibroma:

A)occurs most often in adults over 50.
B)occurs more commonly in males than females.
C)is most commonly located in the mandibular anterior region.
D)is most commonly located in the maxillary anterior region.

Question 22

Which of the following choices is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor in children?

A)Adenoid cystic carcinoma
B)Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
C)Monomorphic adenoma
D)Pleomorphic adenoma

Question 23

The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor features ductlike structures that:

A)resemble those found in major salivary glands.
B)resemble those found in minor salivary glands.
C)are actually ameloblast-like cells that resemble ducts because of their circular arrangement.
D)are actually odontoblast-like cells that resemble ducts because of their circular arrangement.

Question 24

Most ameloblastomas are located in the:

A)anterior maxilla.
B)posterior maxilla.
C)anterior mandible.
D)posterior mandible.

Question 25

The most common intraoral location for the pleomorphic adenoma is the:

A)parotid gland.
B)submandibular gland.
C)palate.
D)floor of the mouth.

Question 26

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is:

A)more common in men than in women.
B)most common in women of childbearing age.
C)most commonly diagnosed in the fifth and sixth decades of life.
D)most commonly diagnosed in children.

Question 27

Which of the following tumors is an unencapsulated, infiltrating tumor composed of a combination of mucous cells interspersed with squamous-like epithelial cells?

A)Adenoid cystic carcinoma
B)Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
C)Monomorphic adenoma
D)Pleomorphic adenoma

Question 28

The ameloblastoma:

A)occurs exclusively in the mandible.
B)is a benign, encapsulated tumor.
C)is commonly known as a Pindborg tumor.
D)may cause expansion of bone.

Question 29

A benign tumor of salivary gland origin is called a(n):

A)leiomyoma.
B)lipoma.
C)adenoma.
D)papilloma.

Question 30

The Warthin tumor:

A)is a unique type of pleomorphic adenoma.
B)presents as a painless, soft mass, usually in the sublingual gland.
C)often develops bilaterally in adult women.
D)contains sheets of lymphocytes that surround the cystic structures.

Question 31

Which of the following tumors occurs most frequently in the anterior part of the jaws?

A)Ameloblastoma
B)Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
C)Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
D)Odontogenic myxoma

Question 32

Which of the following salivary gland tumors has a "Swiss cheese" appearance under the microscope?

A)Pleomorphic adenoma
B)Monomorphic adenoma
C)Adenoid cystic carcinoma
D)Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Question 33

Which of the following tumors will most closely resemble an ameloblastoma with ameloblast-like epithelial cells surrounding areas that resemble stellate reticulum?

A)Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
B)Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
C)Calcifying odontogenic cyst
D)Odontogenic myxoma

Question 34

How does an adenomatoid odontogenic tumor differ from a dentigerous cyst on radiographs?

A)It will not be associated with an impacted tooth.
B)It extends beyond the cementoenamel junction and can involve 50% to 60% of the root.
C)It will not form calcifications within the tumor, as does a dentigerous cyst.
D)It will not form a well-circumscribed radiolucency.

Question 35

A central mucoepidermoid carcinoma is derived from either salivary gland tissue trapped within bone or:

A)a periapical abscess surrounding the apex of a nonvital tooth.
B)the transformed epithelial lining of a dentigerous cyst.
C)a lateral periodontal cyst.
D)an incisive canal cyst.

Question 36

Which of the following choices is the most common salivary gland neoplasm?

A)Adenoid cystic carcinoma
B)Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
C)Pleomorphic adenoma
D)Monomorphic adenoma

Question 37

The adenoid cystic carcinoma is:

A)a benign tumor of salivary gland origin.
B)well encapsulated and does not infiltrate surrounding tissue.
C)most commonly seen intraorally on the palate.
D)painless.

Question 38

The pleomorphic adenoma:

A)is a malignant tumor.
B)appears clinically as a painful dome-shaped mass.
C)occurs most often in children.
D)appears as a slowly enlarging, nonulcerated, painless, dome-shaped mass.

Question 39

Which of the following statements is true of the odontogenic myxoma?

A)It occurs most often in people over 50.
B)It exhibits a unilocular radiolucency with well-defined margins.
C)The tumor may become quite large and cause displacement of teeth.
D)Most cases arise in the posterior maxilla.

Question 40

Ghost cells are characteristic of which of the following lesions?

A)Calcifying odontogenic cyst
B)Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
C)Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
D)Ameloblastoma

Question 41

A lipoma:

A)is a tumor of peripheral nerve tissue.
B)appears clinically as a yellowish mass surfaced by a thin layer of epithelium.
C)is found most commonly intraorally on the tongue.
D)occurs most often in men over 60.

Question 42

A common location of the oral neurofibroma is the:

A)tongue.
B)palate.
C)gingiva.
D)buccal mucosa.

Question 43

The peripheral ossifying fibroma is most likely derived from:

A)ameloblasts.
B)odontoblasts.
C)osteoblasts.
D)cells of the periodontal ligament.

Question 44

Which of the following statements about malignant melanoma is true?

A)It has a benign counterpart known as the benign melanoma.
B)Most malignant melanomas arise on the skin as a result of prolonged exposure to chemicals such as benzene.
C)Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is rare.
D)The most common intraoral location is the tongue.

Question 45

Kaposi sarcoma is:

A)caused by a human herpesvirus.
B)seen only in association with HIV infection.
C)most often seen intraorally on the tongue.
D)a malignant striated muscle tumor.

Question 46

The most common intraoral location for a neurofibroma is the:

A)floor of the mouth.
B)vestibule.
C)tongue.
D)tonsillar pillar.

Question 47

The most common location for an intraoral lymphoma is the:

A)floor of the mouth.
B)posterior lateral border of the tongue.
C)tonsillar area.
D)vestibule.

Question 48

Multiple myeloma is a systemic, malignant proliferation of:

A)red blood cells.
B)plasma cells.
C)eosinophils.
D)basophils.

Question 49

Acute leukemia is characterized by a proliferation of _____ cells.

A)immature white blood
B)mature white blood
C)immature plasma
D)mature plasma

Question 50

All of the following are common warning signs of malignant neoplasms except one. Which one is the exception?

A)Leukoplakia
B)Bleeding
C)Erythroplakia
D)Pigmentation

Question 51

Malignant melanoma usually presents as a(n):

A)slowly enlarging white mass.
B)rapidly enlarging blue-to-black mass.
C)slowly enlarging papule.
D)exophytic, wartlike lesion.

Question 52

Which of the following statements about hemangiomas is true?

A)The gingiva is the most common intraoral location.
B)They are more common in boys than in girls.
C)They appear as variably sized, deep red or blue lesions that do not blanch when pressure is applied.
D)They may occur in adults as a response to trauma and represent an abnormal proliferation of blood vessels during the healing process.

Question 53

The granular cell tumor:

A)most often occurs on the tongue followed by the buccal mucosa.
B)appears as a painful, ulcerated nodule.
C)occurs most commonly in children.
D)occurs most often in men.

Question 54

A "sunburst" pattern is associated with:

A)Kaposi sarcoma.
B)osteoma.
C)osteosarcoma.
D)multiple myeloma.

Question 55

Bence Jones proteins are associated with:

A)osteosarcoma.
B)leukemia.
C)lymphoma.
D)multiple myeloma.

Question 56

A compound odontoma:

A)consists of a mass of enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp that does not resemble a normal tooth.
B)usually occurs in the posterior mandible.
C)appears on radiographs as a cluster of miniature teeth surrounded by a radiolucent halo.
D)appears as a radiolucent mass surrounded by a thin radiopaque halo.

Question 57

The most frequent intraoral site for metastatic tumors of the jaws is the:

A)nares.
B)maxilla.
C)mandible.
D)zygoma.

Question 58

Which of the following is a common characteristic of benign neoplasms?

A)Inability to spread to distant sites
B)Nonencapsulated
C)Undifferentiated and pleomorphic
D)No resemblance to surrounding cells

Question 59

The benign oral pathologic lesion that occurs frequently in the head and neck area and is classified as capillary or cavernous is referred to as a(n):

A)hematoma.
B)lipoma.
C)adenoma.
D)hemangioma.

Question 60

A rhabdomyosarcoma is a _____ tumor of _____ muscle.

A)benign; smooth
B)malignant; smooth
C)benign; striated
D)malignant; striated

Question 61

An ameloblastoma may appear as a _____ on radiographs.

A)unilocular radiolucency
B)multilocular opacity
C)unilocular or multilocular radiolucency
D)unilocular or multilocular radiopacity

Question 62

The diagnosis of oral osteosarcoma is dependent on:

A)clinical examination.
B)palpation.
C)radiographic interpretation.
D)patient symptoms.

Question 63

The name of this benign tumor that is slow growing but locally aggressive and derived in association with an impacted tooth and dentigerous cyst is:

A)calcifying odontogenic cyst.
B)odontogenic myxoma.
C)compound odontoma.
D)ameloblastoma.

Question 64

The multiple myeloma is a benign proliferation of plasma cells that produce large amounts of immunoglobulin. Patients usually experience bone pain and swelling.

A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true; the second is false.
D)The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 65

A _____ both invades and destroys surrounding tissue and has the ability to spread throughout the body.

A)benign tumor
B)malignant tumor
C)hypertrophy
D)hyperplasia

Question 66

A benign tumor of cartilage is called a(n):

A)osteoma.
B)lipoma.
C)chondroma.
D)carcinoma.

Question 67

The distinction between dangerous and innocuous leukoplakia is best determined by the:

A)clinical appearance of the lesion.
B)identification of predisposing factors.
C)patient's previous experience.
D)biopsy of the lesion.

Question 68

_____ means new growth.

A)Metastasis
B)Neoplasia
C)Hypertrophy
D)Hyperplasia

Question 69

Approximately _____% of leukoplakias examined microscopically demonstrate epithelial dysplasia.

A)1 to 2
B)5 to 25
C)50 to 60
D)90

Question 70

Sarcomas are _____ common than carcinomas.

A)ten times more
B)three times more
C)three times less
D)ten times less

Question 71

A basal cell carcinoma will _____ metastasize.

A)never
B)rarely
C)often
D)always

Question 72

A benign cementoblastoma has all of the following radiographic characteristics except one. Which one is the exception?

A)Well circumscribed
B)Radiopaque
C)Attached to root
D)Multilocular

Question 73

The _____ is a unique type of monomorphic adenoma.

A)verrucous carcinoma
B)mucoepidermoid carcinoma
C)cylindroma
D)papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum

Question 74

All of the following carcinomas are malignant tumors that originate from squamous epithelium except one. Which one is the exception?

A)Adenoid cystic
B)Basal cell
C)Verrucous
D)Squamous cell

Question 75

Epithelial dysplasia is a microscopy-based diagnosis; it indicates disordered growth and is considered a premalignant condition.

A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true; the second is false.
D)The first statement is false; the second is true

Question 76

Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral epithelium usually metastasizes first to the lymph nodes of the neck. Common distant sites include:

A)kidneys and spleen.
B)lungs and liver.
C)breast and lungs.
D)liver and spleen.

Question 77

According to the TNM staging system for oral squamous carcinoma, T₃, N₀, M₀ would mean tumor _____ cm in diameter, _____ palpable nodes, and _____ metastasis.

A)less than ; ipsilateral; no distant
B)is 2 to 4; ipsilateral; no distant
C)greater than 4; no; no distant
D)greater than 4; contralateral; distant

Question 78

This benign tumor of fat cells that clinically appears as a yellowish mass surfaced by a thin layer of epithelium is referred to as a:

A)chondroma.
B)rhabdomyosarcoma.
C)lipoma.
D)lymphoma.

Question 79

Patients who have undergone radiation therapy for malignant tumors of the head and neck often experience severe xerostomia as a result of radiation damage to _____ tissue.

A)oral mucosa
B)striated muscle
C)salivary gland
D)tooth

Question 80

When a mucoepidermoid carcinoma arises within bone, it will usually be in the _____ region.

A)maxillary anterior
B)maxillary posterior
C)mandibular anterior
D)mandibular posterior