Deck 9: Weight Management: Overweight,obesity and Underweight

Question 1

Ghrelin is secreted by cells in the ________.

A) pancreas 
B) stomach 
C) liver 
D) hypothalamus 
E) hippocampus

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Studies report that the differences in the time obese and lean people spend lying,sitting,standing,and moving account for about ________ kcalories per day.

A) 150 
B) 350 
C) 550 
D) 750 
E) 1500

Answer 2

B

Question 3

About how many sites in the human genome are associated with obesity and fat? 

A) 10 
B) 50 
C) 100 
D) 500 
E) 1,000

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is Prader-Willi syndrome? 

A) Altered receptor activity for ghrelin 
B) A genetic disorder resulting in obesity 
C) Fat accumulation in the liver of leptin-resistant patients 
D) A failure to adapt to alternating periods of excess and inadequate energy intake 
E) A genetic disorder characterized by loss of appetite

Question 5

Leptin acts as a hormone,primarily in the ________.

A) pancreas 
B) intestines 
C) liver 
D) hypothalamus 
E) hippocampus

Question 6

Which of the following is a protein produced by fat cells under the direction of the ob gene that decreases appetite and increases energy expenditure? 

A) Leptin 
B) Ghrelin 
C) Elastin 
D) Brite 
E) Collagen

Question 7

What proportion of the U.S.adult population is considered overweight or obese? 

A) 50% 
B) 60% 
C) 70% 
D) 80% 
E) 90%

Question 8

Which of the following defines the body's set point? 

A) A person's minimum healthy weight 
B) A person's maximum healthy weight 
C) Point at which a person's weight plateaus before dropping again quickly 
D) Point above which the body tends to lose weight and below which it tends to gain weight 
E) Point at which all LPL activity ceases

Question 9

Which of the following statements accurately describes weight gain and genetics? 

A) Obese people can change their genome and influence their epigenome. 
B) Exercise has little, if any, effect on the genetic influence on weight gain. 
C) Fraternal twins are more likely to weigh the same than are identical twins. 
D) Adopted children tend to have body weights more like their biological parents than their adoptive parents. 
E) Most cases of obesity stem from a single gene.

Question 10

Which of the following removes triglycerides from the blood for storage in fat and muscle cells? 

A) Glucagon 
B) Lipoprotein lipase 
C) Cellulite synthetase 
D) Lipoprotein synthetase 
E) Adipose lipase

Question 11

Which of the following is a protein that stimulates appetite and decreases energy expenditure? 

A) Leptin 
B) Ghrelin 
C) Elastin 
D) Brite 
E) Collagen

Question 12

Women readily develop lower body fat around the hips and thighs and men readily develop central body fat around the abdomen.This primarily is due to gender differences in 

A) blood insulin levels. 
B) the activity of lipoprotein lipase. 
C) set points. 
D) the activity of lipoprotein synthetase. 
E) patterns of physical activity.

Question 13

Which of the following statements accurately describes fat cell development? 

A) While fat cells grow and shrink in size, their number is fixed. 
B) An obese person has more and larger fat cells than does a healthy-weight person. 
C) The number of fat cells grows substantially during early adulthood, as energy expenditure begins to decline. 
D) Researchers have concluded there is no way to induce fat cell death. 
E) When energy out exceeds energy in, the number and size of fat cells decrease.

Question 14

Of the following,which provides an example of an obesogenic environment? 

A) Airlines have increased the length of all seatbelts. 
B) Many companies provide employees with free memberships to local exercise facilities. 
C) Celebrations often involve cake and alcoholic drinks. 
D) Some high-end designers refuse to sell clothing in plus sizes. 
E) Advertisements for weight-loss products and gyms frequently run in January.

Question 15

The uncoupling proteins in adipose tissue ________.

A) increase the amount of energy released as heat 
B) reduce the number of fat cells 
C) lower basal metabolism 
D) increase the number of fat cells 
E) increase the size of fat cells

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the environment plays a role in obesity? 

A) The gene pool has remained relatively unchanged, but obesity rates have been rising. 
B) Studies show that identical twins raised separately have body weights similar to their biological parents. 
C) Body composition methods show that adipose storage sites are based on gender. 
D) Uncoupling proteins explain variations in energy metabolism between lean and overweight people. 
E) Food and activity behaviors influence genes.

Question 17

What happens to leptin and ghrelin levels when someone is sleep deprived? 

A) Both leptin and ghrelin increase 
B) Both leptin and ghrelin decrease 
C) Leptin decreases while ghrelin increases 
D) Leptin increases while ghrelin decreases 
E) No significant effects were observed.

Question 18

Newborn babies are poorly insulated and cannot shiver when exposed to cold temperatures.What type of adipose tissue helps infants generate heat when it is cold? 

A) Black 
B) White 
C) Brown 
D) Yellow 
E) Red

Question 19

What is a potential problem with using diet histories to gauge energy intake? 

A) They focus primarily on past energy intakes and ignore current activity. 
B) They do not factor into the energy balance equation. 
C) Obese people tend to overestimate energy intakes, while normal-weight people tend to underestimate energy intakes. 
D) Both normal-weight and obese people commonly misreport actual energy intakes. 
E) Past diet histories are less useful given today's abundance of fast-food options.

Question 20

Which of the following statements accurately describes the "browning" of white fat cells? 

A) White fat cells undergo browning when they take on the activity of coupled proteins. 
B) White fat cells with brown fat cell characteristics sometimes are called beige adipocytes. 
C) Brown fat cells are more abundant than brite fat cells in adults. 
D) Interestingly, physical activity stops the browning process. 
E) After much study, researchers have found little connection between GI microbiota and the browning process.

Question 21

In which procedure is 70 to 85 percent of the stomach removed and the rest stapled to create a vertical tube-shaped stomach with limited capacity? 

A) Gastric bypass 
B) Gastric banding 
C) Sleeve gastrectomy 
D) Liposuction 
E) Gastric aspiration

Question 22

Of the following,which procedures is more cosmetic and has little effect on body weight? 

A) Gastric bypass 
B) Gastric banding 
C) Sleeve gastrectomy 
D) Liposuction 
E) Gastric aspiration

Question 23

The prescription drug orlistat acts by ________.

A) inhibiting pancreatic lipase 
B) regulating the utilization of norepinephrine 
C) increasing metabolism 
D) regulating brain serotonin receptors 
E) releasing ghrelin and leptin

Question 24

Which of the following reflects the importance of eating breakfast? 

A) Skipping breakfast reduces energy intake and causes weight loss. 
B) Eating breakfast just once each week has the same benefits as eating breakfast every day. 
C) People who eat breakfast frequently have a lower BMI than those who avoid breakfast. 
D) People who skip breakfast have lower daily energy intakes than breakfast eaters. 
E) The "dinner diet" has proven more effective than the "breakfast diet."

Question 25

Which term refers to the repeated loss and regain of body weight? 

A) Weight cycling 
B) See-saw eating 
C) Fad dieting 
D) Circular eating 
E) Body dysmorphia

Question 26

Which of the following statements accurately describes the use of prescription drugs to treat obesity? 

A) Drug therapies should be considered for both cosmetic and health reasons. 
B) Most experts believe obesity is not a disease, so drugs should not be prescribed. 
C) Most currently available drugs are proven effective in both the short and long term. 
D) Physicians may prescribe "off-label" drugs to take advantage of their modest weight-loss effects. 
E) Although initially effective, most drugs have eventually raised the risk of cardiovascular disease to unacceptable levels.

Question 27

Which is true of nonprescription weight-loss products? 

A) They must be approved by the FDA. 
B) They must be tested for safety and effectiveness by the manufacturer. 
C) They must list all active and nonactive ingredients on the label. 
D) Most have proved to be effective. 
E) Many have proved to be harmful.

Question 28

A less-preferred term for clinically severe obesity is ________.

A) morbid obesity 
B) metabolic syndrome 
C) leptin-resistant obesity 
D) psychological-resistant syndrome 
E) Prader-Willi syndrome

Question 29

About how many people in the United States have clinically severe obesity? 

A) 1% 
B) 3% 
C) 5% 
D) 8% 
E) 10%

Question 30

To maintain weight loss,one should aim to lose 10% of initial body weight in ________.

A) 6 weeks 
B) 3 months 
C) 6 months 
D) 9 months 
E) 1 year

Question 31

Improvements in physical capabilities and quality of life begin with a ________ weight loss.

A) 5% 
B) 10% 
C) 15% 
D) 25% 
E) 30%

Question 32

Of the following,which would be considered a fad diet? 

A) Eating only cold, green foods for one month 
B) Joining Weight Watchers and a gym 
C) Eating mostly a plant-rich diet 
D) Adding time and new activities to a current workout plan 
E) Limiting sweets to once per month

Question 33

In general,weight-loss diets need to provide a minimum of ________ kcalories per day for men.

A) 800 
B) 1000 
C) 1200 
D) 1500 
E) 2000

Question 34

In general,weight-loss diets need to provide a minimum of ________ kcalories per day for women.

A) 500 
B) 800 
C) 1200 
D) 1600 
E) 1800

Question 35

A reputable weight-loss program will provide customers with honest predictions of success and ________.

A) with testimonials from previous, successful users 
B) with testimonials from medical professionals 
C) with statistics on weight cycling 
D) will list the psychological benefits of weight loss 
E) will explain the associated risks

Question 36

Your patient,Mr.Sinclair,has a BMI of 43 and wants to begin taking drugs to lose weight.He has glaucoma,but is otherwise healthy.Which of the following should not be prescribed for Mr.Sinclair? 

A) Olestra 
B) Orlistat 
C) Serotonin 
D) Phentermine 
E) Belviq

Question 37

Those on a weight loss regimen should aim to create an energy intake deficit of ________ kcalories per day.

A) 100 
B) 250 
C) 500 
D) 1,000 
E) 1,500

Question 38

Last year,an overweight woman was classified as "obese" based on her BMI.Since then,she has gained more weight and developed type 2 diabetes.She will be categorized with "critically severe obesity" as soon as her BMI reaches ________.

A) 25 
B) 30 
C) 33 
D) 35 
E) 40

Question 39

Which statement about perceptions of obesity is FALSE? 

A) Many people assume every obese person can and should achieve slenderness. 
B) People are born and raised with various weight tendencies. 
C) Obese people often are judged more on their appearance than on their character. 
D) In parts of society, overweight is embraced as a sign of health and beauty. 
E) Most weight-loss programs focus on willpower, hard work, and tending the psychological issues associated with obesity.

Question 40

For overweight adults,a reasonable weight loss is ________.

A) ½ pound per day 
B) ½ to 2 pounds per week 
C) ½ to 2 pounds per month 
D) 1 pound per day 
E) 10% of body weight per month

Question 41

The post-exercise effect on one's metabolism may raise energy expenditure to a maximum ________.

A) 5% 
B) 10% 
C) 15% 
D) 20% 
E) 25%

Question 42

Of the following,which is the best advice for lowering energy intake for weight loss? 

A) Drink 8 ounces of water after each meal 
B) Select fewer energy-dense foods 
C) Restrict fiber intake as a means to reduce excess water retention 
D) Consume a small high-fat snack before each meal to reduce appetite 
E) Consume an alcoholic beverage with lunch and dinner

Question 43

Which of the following statements about physical activity is true? 

A) The number of kcalories spent in an activity depends on body weight, intensity, and duration. 
B) Physical activity increases the energy required to meet nutrient needs. 
C) Physical activity cannot reduce abdominal fat without weight loss. 
D) Being active increases hunger. 
E) Physical activity does not affect metabolism.

Question 44

Using large quantities of low-energy-density foods in a diet is sometimes referred to as ________.

A) calometrics 
B) minimetrics 
C) densification 
D) volumetrics 
E) substitution

Question 45

Why is appetite suppressed after intense exercise? 

A) Thirst overpowers the desire for food and water is satiating. 
B) The elevated blood lactate level antagonizes ghrelin. 
C) Glucose and fatty acids are abundant in the blood. 
D) Exercise causes smell and taste to be suppressed for at least one hour. 
E) Leptin secretion increases during workouts.

Question 46

Which statement accurately reflects the relationship between the speed at which one eats and weight management? 

A) People who eat slowly have greater energy intake. 
B) Faster eating correlates with higher BMI. 
C) Eating quickly stimulates the pleasure centers of the brain faster and leads to faster satiety. 
D) Satiety hormones are blunted when meals are eaten more slowly. 
E) Faster eating correlates to higher diet-induced thermogenesis.

Question 47

Weight maintenance may require a person to expend a minimum of ________ kcalories in physical activity per week.

A) 500 
B) 1250 
C) 1500 
D) 2500 
E) 3500

Question 48

When people give up cigarettes,they gain an average of ________ pounds in the first year.

A) 5 
B) 10 
C) 15 
D) 25 
E) 30

Question 49

Which of the following is not a proposed national strategy to prevent obesity? 

A) Provide a variety of opportunities to help make physical activity an integral and routine part of life. 
B) Create environments that ensure healthy foods and beverages are visible and easy to obtain. 
C) Encourage media messages that promote healthy diets and physically active lifestyles. 
D) Make fast food restaurants centers for health and wellness. 
E) Support health care providers in offering information on weight management and employers in offering wellness programs.

Question 50

Which of the following statements about physical activity and weight loss is FALSE? 

A) Strength and balance improve when exercise is part of a weight loss program. 
B) The greater the energy deficit created by exercise, the greater the fat loss. 
C) Using discretionary kcalories will maximize weight loss. 
D) Daily vigorous activities gradually develop more lean tissue. 
E) Even with the same BMI, physically active people have less body fat than sedentary people.

Question 51

Jules burns 100 kcalories during her morning walk.How many additional kcalories is she likely to burn in the post-exercise period? 

A) 10 
B) 15 
C) 30 
D) 45 
E) 60

Question 52

Successful weight-loss maintenance means achieving a minimum weight loss of ________ percent of initial body weight and maintaining the loss for at least ________.

A) 5-10, 3 months 
B) 5-10, 6 months 
C) 5-10, 1 year 
D) 10-15, 6 months 
E) 10-15, 1 year

Question 53

Meeting an activity goal of ________ steps a day is an excellent way to support a healthy BMI.

A) 2,500 
B) 5,000 
C) 7,500 
D) 10,000 
E) 15,000

Question 54

To maximize the long-term success of a weight-reduction program,a person should ________.

A) strongly believe that he can successfully lose weight 
B) realize that being "the overweight one" is an unchangeable part of his identity 
C) consider a short-term smoking program 
D) accept that little exercise is a part of his lifestyle and act accordingly 
E) keep weight loss plans private matter to avoid embarrassment if they fail

Question 55

Researchers have spent many years studying diets and have determined the best approach to weight loss is to ________.

A) avoid foods containing carbohydrates to keep blood glucose low 
B) eliminate all fats from the diet and decrease water intake 
C) greatly increase protein intake to increase satiation 
D) reduce daily energy intake and increase energy expenditure 
E) fast at least two consecutive days each week to achieve better energy balance

Question 56

Health care professionals suggest setting SMART goals to change one's eating behaviors.What does SMART stand for? 

A) Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-based 
B) Specific, Meaningful, Analytic, Relevant, Technological 
C) Sensitive, Minimal, Accessible, Reliable, Time-bound 
D) Supportive, Media-based, Attainable, Repeatable, Tertiary 
E) Supportive, Minimal, Analytic, Reliable, Technological

Question 57

Of the following,which is an example of a behavior modification technique for weight loss? 

A) Create a blog about your overeating habits to create a like-minded community. 
B) Download an app to keep a record of your eating and exercise habits. 
C) Create the "Clean Plate Club" at home and reward family members appropriately. 
D) Eat with a buddy who will monitor your food intake. 
E) Cook your own meals and eat alone to focus on your own habits.

Question 58

To prevent weight gains and support weight losses,one should add ________ minutes of moderately intense physical activity each week.

A) 30-60 
B) 60-90 
C) 90-120 
D) 120-200 
E) 200-300

Question 59

How do environmental influences affect eating habits? 

A) Foods that are accessible and convenient are eaten most. 
B) People tend to eat more when dining alone because no one is there to shame them. 
C) Limiting food intake to the length of a favorite sitcom can be a healthy eating habit. 
D) Offering several flavors of the same food at each meal lessens the desire for it. 
E) Eating directly from a food package lessens the need to use large plates, which facilitates overeating.

Question 60

Which of the following reflects a SMART goal? 

A) I want to live to see my grandchildren grow up. 
B) I want to be at my healthiest weight by my next doctor's appointment. 
C) I will eat only healthy foods. 
D) I will eat a healthy breakfast and run three miles every day. 
E) I will start running 2 miles every morning and then run a marathon next month.

Question 61

Your friend Jody considers following a popular diet plan.She shows you the description of the plan in a magazine.Which of the following statements in the magazine would suggest that this plan is an unsound,fad diet? 

A) "Lose up to 2 pounds per week!" 
B) "This fat-busting plan jump starts your metabolism and allows you to target problem areas like hips and thighs." 
C) "Keep fresh fruit or carrot sticks in the fridge at work so you won't be tempted to raid the vending machine for a snack." 
D) "Starting an aerobic exercise plan may seem daunting, but you can start out with shorter, easier sessions and then build up to 3 or more hours a week." 
E) "Improve your health with well-balanced meals and increased physical activity."

Question 62

________ involves the changing of antecedents,behaviors,and consequences.

Question 63

An eating plan that promises quick weight loss if an individual never eats any dairy products would be called a ________.

Question 64

A condition in which leptin levels are increased and leptin sensitivity is decreased is ________.

Question 65

The ________ theory that relates to body weight proposes that the body tends to maintain a certain weight by means of its own internal controls.

Question 66

Obesity has many causes and is a risk factor for many diseases; therefore,the best approach seems to be ________.

A) fasting 
B) medicines 
C) prevention 
D) epigenetic counseling 
E) a holistic one

Question 67

The term ________ means pertaining to the field of medicine that specializes in treating obesity.

Question 68

________ involves maintaining body mass in a healthy range by preventing gradual weight gains over time and losing weight if overweight.

Question 69

Most fad diets ________.

A) produce long-lasting results 
B) limit food choices, which reduces energy intake 
C) are balanced and do not require a dietary supplement 
D) support good health over the long term 
E) embrace a variety of foods by proposing how to proportion energy nutrients

Question 70

Trevor is an underweight long-distance runner.To achieve a healthy body weight to improve his performance,he must ________.

A) eat a high-kcalorie diet and exercise regularly 
B) eat a high-kcalorie diet and reduce his exercise to minimal amounts 
C) eat a high-protein diet plus exercise regularly 
D) eliminate alcohol and exercise from his life 
E) eat a high-protein, high-kcalorie diet and reduce his exercise to minimal amounts

Question 71

About how many U.S.adults are underweight? 

A) .2% 
B) 2% 
C) 5% 
D) 10% 
E) 15%

Question 72

Underweight people expend so much energy adapting to a higher food intake at first that about ________ extra kcalories may be needed to gain a pound a week.

A) 350 
B) 500 
C) 750 
D) 900 
E) 1200

Question 73

Why do fad diets appeal to so many Americans? 

A) They are based on years of credible, but previously unpublished, research. 
B) They ignore dietary recommendations and allow people to eat favorite foods freely. 
C) They offer inexpensive, proven results. 
D) They are paired with sophisticated testimonials from knowledgeable nutritionists. 
E) They provide long-lasting results.

Question 74

The study of the influence of environmental factors,such as diet and physical activity,on gene expression is called ________.

Question 75

A person is considered underweight until his BMI reaches ________.

A) 18.5 
B) 20 
C) 22.5 
D) 25 
E) 30

Question 76

All the genetic information of a population at a given time is called a ________.

Question 77

What is the best meal-planning strategy for underweight people who desire to gain weight? 

A) Select foods with saturated fats for maximum health benefits. 
B) Eat just until the feeling of fullness begins; avoid feeling uncomfortable. 
C) Drink more juice and milk. 
D) Decrease the amount of food consumed within the first 20 minutes of a meal. 
E) Eat the same amount as before, but spread it out over the entire day.

Question 78

Why do fad diets typically produce weight loss,at least for a short time? 

A) They suggest the correct amount macronutrients needed in the diet. 
B) They prevent rapid rises and falls in blood glucose level. 
C) They do not require kcalorie counting, so compliance is better. 
D) They limit energy intake to about 1200 kcal/day. 
E) They are enthusiastically followed by those trying to lose some weight.

Question 79

________ is a technique that uses a tube to empty the contents of the stomach after every meal.

Question 80

White fat cells with brown fat cell characteristics are called ________.