Deck 14: Basic Elements of Individual and Interpersonal Behavior

Question 1

Nicole hears a colleague boasting about his work.She thinks he must be insecure if he has to try to make himself sound good.She has used attribution.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Since the organization may have hired the person because of her skills,it is reasonable for the organization to expect that she will subsequently display those skills in the performance of her job.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Research suggests that Japanese workers are less satisfied with their jobs than are American workers.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The lighting in a room can cause stress.

Question 5

During an interview,people use perception management.

Question 6

In the workplace,stress is always disruptive.

Question 7

Attributions consistency is the extent to which other people in the same situation behave the same way.

Question 8

Barbara is torn between living and working in the U.S.as a school principal and living in her native country where she can make a huge difference in the lives of street kids.She likes experiencing cognitive dissonance.

Question 9

People with Type B personalities are driven to succeed.

Question 10

Agreeableness does not extend to relationships with customers,suppliers,and other key organizational constituents.

Question 11

The study of psychology is helpful to managers.

Question 12

Certain religions believe in predestination.According to this belief,God has foreordained all things,especially the salvation of individual souls.This belief is indicative of a belief in an internal locus of control.

Question 13

EQ cannot be learned.

Question 14

Psychologists have identified thousands of personality traits and dimensions that are especially relevant to organizations.

Question 15

One consequence of organizational stress is burnout.

Question 16

A psychological contract is like a standard legal contract,formal and well defined.

Question 17

If a person accepts employment with an organization because he thinks he will earn an attractive salary and have an opportunity to advance,he will subsequently expect that those rewards will actually be forthcoming.

Question 18

Convergent thinking is a skill that allows people to see similarities between situations,phenomena,or events.

Question 19

High levels of job satisfaction always lead to high levels of performance.

Question 20

If the individual perceives that the psychological contract is fair and equitable,he most likely will request a pay raise or promotion,decrease his contributed effort,or look for a better job elsewhere.

Question 21

____ is the relatively stable set of psychological and behavioral attributes that distinguish one person from another.

A) Behavior
B) Attitude
C) Attribution
D) Personality
E) Motivation

Question 22

Warren is diligent,slow,and thorough.These are examples of his

A) competencies.
B) psychological contracts.
C) contributions.
D) tangibles.
E) inducements.

Question 23

A person's range of interest is captured in the personality trait of

A) openness.
B) positive affectivity.
C) agreeableness.
D) self-efficacy.
E) low conscientiousness.

Question 24

A person's ability to get along with others in an organization is known as

A) extraversion.
B) positive affectivity.
C) agreeableness.
D) self-efficacy.
E) conscientiousness.

Question 25

Dan does acceptable work in terms of quantity and quality,but he refuses to help coworkers.He is considered a good organizational citizen.

Question 26

Sexual harassment is a dysfunctional behavior.

Question 27

Verification determines the truthfulness of the insight.

Question 28

Ingrid is excited about her new job.She thinks it will be exciting,fulfilling,and rewarding,and will allow her the standard of living she is looking for.She has made a(n)____ with her new employer.

A) inducement
B) psychological contract
C) organizational commitment
D) contributory expectation
E) mental picture

Question 29

Doreen likes to focus on one thing at a time and hates interruptions.This refers to her

A) conscientiousness.
B) openness.
C) self-efficacy.
D) agreeableness.
E) positive affectivity.

Question 30

Mary Paule is independent,determined,defiant,and competitive.These are examples of her

A) inducements.
B) intangibles.
C) psychological contracts.
D) contributions.
E) competencies.

Question 31

You formulate a(n)____ with your employer when you accept a job.

A) inducement
B) psychological contract
C) organizational commitment
D) contributory expectation
E) mental picture

Question 32

Ellie likes to make new friends.In terms of the "Big Five" personality traits,she has more

A) locus of control.
B) positive affectivity.
C) agreeableness.
D) self-efficacy.
E) extraversion.

Question 33

Which of the following personality traits is NOT one of the "Big Five"?

A) Agreeableness
B) Locus of control
C) Extraversion
D) Conscientiousness
E) Negative emotionality

Question 34

The extent to which the contributions made by an individual match the inducements offered by the organization is referred to as the

A) person-job fit.
B) individual/task match.
C) contribution-competency fit.
D) cognitive component.
E) contribution component.

Question 35

One important method for enhancing creativity is to make it an explicit goal.

Question 36

When an individual does not show up for work because of either feigned or real illnesses,absenteeism occurs.

Question 37

____ is the set of expectations that an individual holds about what he or she will contribute to the organization and what it will provide in return.

A) Cognitive dissonance
B) A psychological contract
C) An organizational contract
D) Collaboration
E) Organizational citizenship

Question 38

When Jerre Stead took over as the CEO of Ingram Micro,he was following a CEO who was strongly authoritarian.Stead immediately removed all office doors.This gesture indicated his willingness to consider new ideas and his

A) openness.
B) positive affectivity.
C) agreeableness.
D) self-efficacy.
E) conscientiousness.

Question 39

Salary,working conditions,and business travel are examples of ____ from an organization.

A) inducements
B) intangibles
C) psychological contracts
D) contributions
E) competencies

Question 40

Elyssa says she does not like people.They annoy her easily.According to the "Big Five" personality traits,Elyssa has more

A) openness.
B) negative emotionality.
C) agreeableness.
D) self-efficacy.
E) conscientiousness.

Question 41

Lynn has two projects from which to choose.She knows the big one takes weeks and is important.The small one,she can finish by the end of the day,but it is not that important.Her decision to work on the small one illustrates her ____ dimension of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

A) judging
B) perceiving
C) thinking
D) feeling
E) sensing

Question 42

Alan enjoys manipulating others to his own benefit.He sees telling lies as a gray area and is loyal only to himself.He is highly

A) authoritative.
B) dogmatic.
C) Machiavellian.
D) effective.
E) risk adverse.

Question 43

An employee with high self-esteem is likely to

A) seek higher-status jobs.
B) be confident in his ability to perform.
C) derive intrinsic satisfaction from accomplishments.
D) believe she is a worthwhile person.
E) All of these choices

Question 44

Evelyn gets her energy from others,likes creative tasks,is logical and likes finishing things.Her traits illustrate the ____ dimensions of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

A) Extrovert,intuitive,thinking,judge
B) Extrovert,intuitive,feeling,perceiver
C) Introvert,intuitive,feeling,judge
D) Introvert,sensing,thinking,judge
E) Introvert,sensing,feeling,perceiver

Question 45

____ is the degree to which an individual is willing to take chances and make decisions.

A) Self-esteem
B) Conformity
C) Competency
D) Self-monitoring
E) Risk propensity

Question 46

____ refers to a person's comfort level with relationships.

A) Conscientiousness
B) Openness
C) Self-efficacy
D) Agreeableness
E) Extraversion

Question 47

____ is the term used to describe an individual's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task.

A) Self-efficacy
B) Self-esteem
C) Self-monitoring
D) Confidence
E) Machiavellianism

Question 48

If you accept everything your professor says solely because he or she is "the professor," you are highly

A) dogmatic.
B) self-monitoring.
C) authoritarian.
D) motivated.
E) perceptive.

Question 49

Juwan seems to like every idea that comes his way.He does not have a core of beliefs.According to the "Big Five" personality traits,he has more

A) openness.
B) negative emotionality.
C) agreeableness.
D) self-efficacy.
E) conscientiousness.

Question 50

Charlie believes "let go and let God." Charlie has a(n)

A) high-risk propensity.
B) dogmatic set of beliefs.
C) internal locus of control.
D) external locus of control.
E) high level of competency.

Question 51

Antoine likes concrete things.This trait illustrates the ____ dimension of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

A) judging
B) intuitive
C) thinking
D) feeling
E) sensing

Question 52

James gets his energy from other people,likes the big picture,makes gut decisions,and completes work before moving on to the next project.His traits illustrate the ____ dimensions of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

A) Extrovert,intuitive,thinking,judge
B) Extrovert,intuitive,feeling,judge
C) Introvert,intuitive,feeling,judge
D) Introvert,sensing,thinking,judge
E) Introvert,sensing,feeling,perceiver

Question 53

____ is the extent to which a person believes that power and status differences are appropriate within organizations.

A) Dogmatism
B) Locus of control
C) Authoritarianism
D) Risk propensity
E) Self-efficiency

Question 54

Machiavellianism is

A) a term used to describe behavior directed at gaining power and controlling the behavior of others.
B) a personality trait.
C) not consistently present in all people.
D) used by individuals who are rational and unemotional.
E) All of these choices

Question 55

If you are proud of your accomplishments yet look forward to achieving higher levels of performance and are confident in your abilities,you have high

A) conformity.
B) risk propensity.
C) self-monitoring.
D) locus of control.
E) self-esteem.

Question 56

Dale takes responsibility for everything.When something goes wrong he will trace it backward until he finds his involvement and determine what he could have done to prevent it.He has a(n)

A) high-risk propensity.
B) dogmatic set of beliefs.
C) internal locus of control.
D) external locus of control.
E) high level of competency.

Question 57

Serena blames everything on someone else.Nothing is ever her fault.She has a(n)

A) high-risk propensity.
B) dogmatic set of beliefs.
C) internal locus of control.
D) external locus of control.
E) high level of competency.

Question 58

An individual who has been described as Machiavellian would

A) put a high value on friendship.
B) get little personal pleasure from manipulating others.
C) tend to be rational and unemotional.
D) not be willing to lie to get a promotion or a bonus.
E) want his or her superiors to be authoritarian.

Question 59

____ is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual.

A) Self-esteem
B) Conformity
C) Self-monitoring
D) Risk propensity
E) Self-image

Question 60

Since Jeffrey took over as CEO,the stock value has tumbled for more than two years.Jeffrey now doubts his capabilities.In other words,he has had low

A) self-efficacy.
B) self-esteem.
C) self-monitoring.
D) risk propensity.
E) dogmatism.

Question 61

Darren joined the military because he believes defending his country is a noble profession.However,when civilian leadership squandered all the hard fought accomplishments of the military,Darren became frustrated and disillusioned with the leadership.The hard work and sacrifice of the military is the ____ component of his attitude.

A) intentional
B) intellectual
C) affective
D) cognitive
E) behavioral

Question 62

The beliefs and feelings that people have about specific ideas,situations,and people are known as

A) personality attributes.
B) attitudes.
C) perceptions.
D) characteristics.
E) behaviors.

Question 63

The ____ component of an attitude reflects feelings and emotions that an individual has toward something.

A) cognitive
B) intentional
C) dissonance
D) affective
E) affirmative

Question 64

Martha had parents who were perfectionists.She has been very successful in running her business,but she is overly critical of herself.Martha has low

A) conformity.
B) risk propensity.
C) self-monitoring.
D) locus of control.
E) self-esteem.

Question 65

Tom Evslin knew that using the Internet to make telephone calls was a good idea,but the static he gets when he tries to talk with a computer and a microphone to someone else with a computer and a microphone is unacceptable.He started a new company that seeks to make clearer telephone calls via the Internet.Evslin claims,"I have just barely opened the door for this new technology.We're going to be more successful than AT&T." Which of the following terms best describes Evslin?

A) An internal locus of control
B) Positive affectivity
C) Machiavellian
D) Authoritarian
E) Negative affectivity

Question 66

The ____ component of an attitude reflects how a person expects to behave in a situation.

A) cognitive
B) perceptive
C) affective
D) intentional
E) intellectual

Question 67

Dorothy is overweight and smokes,even though she knows that both of these are bad for her health.She is most likely experiencing

A) cognitive dissonance.
B) low self-esteem.
C) an external locus of control.
D) low risk propensity.
E) burnout.

Question 68

Bernard Madoff defrauded "friends" and family.He even took money from Holocaust survivors and foundations.This indicates a high level of

A) authoritarianism.
B) risk propensity.
C) external locus of control.
D) Machiavellianism.
E) conformity.

Question 69

____ dissonance refers to the conflict that individuals experience among their attitudes.

A) Behavioral
B) Intentional
C) Personal
D) Cognitive
E) Affective

Question 70

Howard Schultz,the CEO of Starbucks,hires managers by looking for two qualities⎯integrity and passion.According to Schultz,these qualities are as important as experience and abilities because he wants people to become passionate about helping the company succeed while maintaining high ethical standards that promote the organization's responsibility to society.In other words,Schultz values

A) organizational commitment.
B) job satisfaction.
C) selective perception.
D) an external locus of control.
E) high authoritarianism.

Question 71

An individual's level of job satisfaction is determined by

A) compensation.
B) personal needs and aspirations.
C) relationships with coworkers and supervisors.
D) working conditions.
E) All of these choices

Question 72

Juan has a tendency to see the good side of each situation.This is known as

A) cognitive dissonance.
B) self-efficacy.
C) an internal locus of control.
D) positive affectivity.
E) the cognition part of an attitude.

Question 73

____ is an attitude that reflects an individual's identification with and attachment to an organization.

A) Job involvement
B) Organizational commitment
C) Organizational citizenship
D) Job satisfaction
E) Job identification

Question 74

Kristen worked in a fast-food restaurant to pay for her college tuition.Kristen vowed never to eat fast food again.But years later her small children love nothing better than a fast-food kid's meal.Kristen's acceptance of the kid's menu choice creates

A) a setback.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) affective dissonance.
D) intentional dissonance.
E) behavioral dissonance.

Question 75

Stacey's resting face is a frown.She complains about other people's decisions and actions.She has

A) realistic ideas.
B) the cognition part of an attitude.
C) an external locus of control.
D) cognitive dissonance.
E) negative affectivity.

Question 76

Personal factors such as an individual's needs and aspirations,as well as organizational factors such as relationships with coworkers and supervisors,working conditions,work policies,and compensation,all help determine an individual's level of

A) intrinsic self-relevance.
B) authoritarianism.
C) attribution.
D) job satisfaction.
E) behavior.

Question 77

A manager who is willing to lose it all on one product has high

A) locus of control.
B) self-esteem.
C) Machiavellianism.
D) emotional intelligence.
E) risk propensity.

Question 78

Darren joined the military because he believes defending his country is a noble profession.However,when civilian leadership squandered all the hard fought accomplishments of the military,Darren became frustrated and disillusioned with the leadership.Darren's disillusionment is making him consider leaving the military,which is the ____ component of his attitude.

A) cognitive
B) intentional
C) dissonance
D) affective
E) affirmative

Question 79

Jerome and Crystal receive a negative email from their boss about their project.When Crystal panics and immediately looks to improve the project,Jerome says,"Don't take it so personally;we are all replaceable,so there is no reason to bust your back over it." Crystal has greater ____ than Jerome.

A) organizational commitment
B) job satisfaction
C) selective perception
D) external locus of control
E) high authoritarianism

Question 80

Darren joined the military because he believes defending his country is a noble profession.However,when civilian leadership squandered all the hard fought accomplishments of the military,Darren became frustrated and disillusioned with the leadership.Pride in the military is the ____ component of his attitudes

A) intentional
B) intellectual
C) affective
D) cognitive
E) emotional