Deck 30: Drugs Used to Treat Upper Respiratory Disease

Question 1

Which patients would be able to take an alpha-adrenergic decongestant safely? (Select all that apply.)

A) 24-year-old woman with allergic rhinitis
B) 18-year-old man with cold symptoms
C) 64-year-old woman with a history of heart disease
D) 70-year-old woman with glaucoma
E) 56-year-old man with prostatic hypertrophy

Answer 1

24-year-old woman with allergic rhinitis
18-year-old man with cold symptoms

Question 2

When does allergic rhinitis occur? (Select all that apply.)

A) Nasal mucosa become inflamed.
B) Exposure secondary to an allergen produces inflammation.
C) Histamine is released following allergen exposure.
D) The weather is cold during the winter.
E) A person has an initial exposure to an antigen.

Answer 2

Nasal mucosa become inflamed.
Exposure secondary to an allergen produces inflammation.
Histamine is released following allergen exposure.

Question 3

Which topically active aerosol steroids are highly effective for reducing sneezing, nasal itching, stuffiness, and rhinorrhea? (Select all that apply.)

A) Beclomethasone (Beconase AQ)
B) Prednisone (Deltasone)
C) Fluticasone (Flonase)
D) Flunisolide (Nasarel)
E) Budesonide (Rhinocort Aqua)

Answer 3

Beclomethasone (Beconase AQ)
Fluticasone (Flonase)
Flunisolide (Nasarel)
Budesonide (Rhinocort Aqua)

Question 4

Which principles will the nurse include in a teaching plan for antihistamine therapy? (Select all that apply.)

A) It is typical to experience an increase in energy.
B) Dietary fiber and fluids should be increased.
C) Do not take with prescription medications unless physician-approved.
D) Blurred vision is an expected adverse effect.
E) Over-the-counter medications are safe to use with any currently prescribed prescription medications.

Question 5

Which medication may be given to patients with allergic seasonal rhinitis who do not respond to antihistamines and sympathomimetics?

A) Leukotrienes
B) Mineralocorticoids
C) Corticosteroids
D) Cortisol

Question 6

The nurse is preparing education for a patient who has developed rebound nasal congestion secondary to use of topical decongestants. What information will the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

A) For future topical decongestant use, follow the dosage directions daily. Do not overuse.
B) Stop the topical decongestant at once.
C) A decrease in congestion will occur immediately.
D) Nasal steroid solutions can be used but may take several days to reduce inflammation and congestion.
E) Use nasal saline spray to moisturize irritated mucosa.

Question 7

Which of the following are true of antihistamines? (Select all that apply.)

A) Reduce inflammation locally
B) Antagonize H1 receptors
C) May be administered orally
D) Are systemically distributed
E) Reduce nasal congestion

Question 8

Which is a serious adverse effect of decongestants?

A) Hypotension
B) Hypertension
C) Orbital edema
D) Facial flushing

Question 9

What initiates the sneeze reflex?

A) Stimulation of the vagus nerve
B) Irritation of the nasal mucosa by foreign particulate matter
C) Stimulation of the tonsils
D) Enervation of the olfactory cranial nerve

Question 10

Which instruction will the nurse include when teaching a patient with seasonal rhinitis and blocked nasal passages about intranasal corticosteroid therapy?

A) "Clear your nasal passage after administration."
B) "Anticipate a therapeutic benefit within 24 hours."
C) "Use a decongestant prior to administration."
D) "Report nasal burning to your health care provider."

Question 11

What process in the antigen-antibody reaction causes the symptoms of allergies?

A) Release of antihistamines
B) Production of antibodies
C) Suppression of histamine
D) Release of histamine

Question 12

The nurse is teaching a patient about the administration of antihistamines. The nurse will instruct the patient to take the medication at what time of day?

A) PRN throughout the day
B) After contact with an allergen
C) 45 minutes before exposure to an allergen
D) Once nasal congestion begins

Question 13

What can result if a patient overuses topical decongestants?

A) Hypertensive crisis
B) Allergic reaction
C) Secondary congestion
D) Permanent olfactory damage

Question 14

A patient at sports camp is complaining of itchy, watery eyes, coughing, and sneezing when outdoors. The patient's chart states that he has an allergy to grasses. Which medication will the nurse administer?

A) Antitussive
B) Expectorant
C) Antihistamine
D) Decongestant

Question 15

What occurs in the nasal structures when cholinergic fibers are stimulated?

A) Dryness of mucous membranes in the nostrils
B) Bleeding in the mucous membranes in the nostrils
C) Production of serous and mucous secretions in the nostrils
D) Enhanced olfactory perception in the mucous membranes of the nostrils